Source of works
Thinking of Five Poems is a group of famous mourning poems written by Yuan Zhen, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty.
The poet praised the conjugal love of husband and wife with the metaphor of "wanting things and expressing emotion" and precise words, and expressed the poet's unswerving love and deep-rooted yearning for his dead wife Wei Cong.
Original poem
Five poems of thought
one
In the self-love makeup mirror, the ring hairpin is full of moss.
After a while, I slapped rouge on my cheek, and a piece of red Su Xuan was about to melt.
Secondly,
The mountain spring flows around the street, and thousands of trees and peach blossoms reflect the small building.
Before getting up, read the Taoist book casually (4) and comb your hair under the crystal curtain (5).
third
Red roses promote the new era, and the gauze is delicate and dusty.
First, the material should not be too weak. Some materials are the most enjoyable.
Fourth.
Once the sea was difficult for water, it was always amber.
Take a lazy look at the flowers. ⑽, the cultivation of half the sky and the gentleman of half the sky ⑾.
Fifth.
All kinds of flowers are common, and pear and white flowers are preferred.
Now I stand quietly like two or three trees, and there is only one poor green leaf to spend the late spring with me.
Sentence annotation
(1) (zā n): It is the same as the ancient "hairpin".
⑵ a moment (yú): a moment, a very short time.
(3) sloppy: slow.
Yūng: lazy, lazy.
5] Crystal curtains: curtains made in time; Transparent curtains.
[6] Ji Le: also known as Ji Qin and myna. Tender Qu: A tender Qu with a color like wine.
(7) (p ρ) (1) (mà n): refers to silk with sparse warp and weft.
⑻ "Zeng" sentence: This sentence comes from Mencius' "He who looks at the sea can't find water" (Mencius' Dedicated Articles), which means that the water potential of the vast sea has been seen, and the rivers are not water.
⑼ "Except" sentence: This sentence uses the allusion of "Wushan Yu Yun" in Song Yu's Gao Tang Mi, which means that except for the colorful clouds on Wushan, other clouds are not called colorful clouds.
⑽ Hurry up: act casually and rashly.
⑾ Destiny: Because, for.
⑿ hair: open.
[13] White: A person with fair skin. This poem refers to a dead wife.
Vernacular translation
one
I love to appreciate the residual makeup in the mirror in the morning, and the hairpin is full of hair.
In a short time, the rising sun shone on the rouge cheeks, as if a red flower was waking up and blooming, as if to melt.
Secondly,
The mountain spring flows slowly around the street, and the small building is hidden in thousands of peach blossoms.
I read Taoist books leisurely upstairs, but I didn't get up. I watched you comb your hair in front of the dresser through the crystal curtain.
third
Red-pressed Luo always pursues fashionable and novel patterns, and the tulle embroidered with patterns is dyed as tender as koji.
You said don't think the material of the cloth is too weak yet. A little silk with sparse warp and weft is the most pleasant.
Fourth.
Once you have experienced the boundless sea, you feel that the water elsewhere is dwarfed; Once I experienced the clouds in Wushan, I felt that the clouds in other places were eclipsed.
Even among the flowers, I am too lazy to look back. Maybe it's because of the monastery, maybe it's because of you.
Fifth.
At that time, a hundred flowers were blooming, but I just picked a white pear flower and gave it to you, a fair-skinned woman.
Now I stand quietly by the river like those two or three trees, but only a green leaf accompanies me through the last spring.
Creation background
Yuan Zhen's five farewell poems were all written in memory of his late wife Wei Cong, and were written in the fourth year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (809). In the 18th year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong (802), Wei Cong married Yuan Zhen at the age of 20. At that time, Yuan Zhen was not famous and suffered from poverty after marriage, but she didn't complain at all, and Yuan Zhen was also very affectionate to her. Seven years later, Wei Cong died of illness. After Wei Cong's death, Yuan Zhen wrote a lot of mourning works, which is one of the more famous ones.
works appreciation
one
One is to recall the charming modality of residual makeup in the lover's mirror. When the poet married Wei Cong, they were deeply in love with each other. This poem is a touching feeling of "thinking" about lovers' lazy makeup after a night of love. The poet does not write directly, but is a lover who loves himself in the mirror. In the mirror, she has uneven hairpin rings and green lines. Soon, when the sun rises in the east, the cheeks are as red as rouge, and the skin on the face is ruddy and soft, as if it is about to melt, showing readers a beautiful and charming charm.
Secondly,
One or two sentences in Yuan Zhen's poems also give people an extraordinary sense of dust. Bishan springs are full of water, and thousands of peach blossoms set off. It is no longer the little jasper in Cui Hu's "A Peach Blossom with a Face" in "South Village of Capital". There is no doubt that the beauty in the building is a fairy. The scenery is from far to near, the color is light and the people are deep, and the focus is gradually prominent, setting suspense and specific environmental atmosphere for the characters to appear. Poetry is a picture with sound, and painting is a silent poem. If the two are mixed in the specified drama scene, it will produce unexpected excellent artistic effects.
Introducing the characters in three or four sentences and expounding the story of "thrush" in the boudoir, in contrast with the pen, written from one side of the eye, is also helpful to enrich the potential drama factors and the psychological level of the characters. The word "leisure" vividly depicts the ridiculous mode of absent-mindedness, which is a profound contrast between Ming Dow's Confucian classics and the secret seal of Yu Kexian's mind. "Unintentional" not only describes the delicate and touching in one side's eyes, but also shows infinite concern and affection, which is a profound contrast between the two layers; The beauty of boudoir is so chic and elegant, which is a deep musical contrast of three layers. There are also many twists and turns in Comb My Hair under the Crystal Curtain: crystal curtain and beauty makeup, one layer; Beauty is another layer in the eyes of lovers; The good times don't last long, and the hidden moon is deeper. Su Shi's poem "Jiangchengzi" said: "In the dead of night, I dream of going back to my hometown, and Xiao Xuan window dressing." Similarly, "writing sadness in a happy environment" also shows the deep yearning for his dead wife, and also breaks the boundary between time and space. The difference is that Su Ci expresses it as a dream, and when it enters, it comes out. "Nothing to worry about, only a thousand lines of tears"; Yuan poetry is immersed in infatuated memories, as if it were "frozen" on the screen, but I don't know why. The emotional yearning for combing hair under the crystal curtain can guide readers to the poetic realm of truth, goodness and beauty, so it has universal moral value and aesthetic significance.
third
This poem uses metaphor. The first two sentences say that Hong Luo always pursues novel tricks, just like other women are always moving one by one. The veils embroidered with Ji Qin patterns are dyed with delicate colors like charming wine songs. Don't say that the yarn is too thin, because only such yarn is the best. It is precisely because of his late wife Wei Cong's elegance and modesty that the poet compared her to a gauze with sparse warp and weft, which is of course Yuan Zhen's preference for his wife. But only those who are affectionate can show this eternal sincerity.
Fourth.
The most prominent feature of this poem is to express the hero's deep love for his lost sweetheart in a clever way. It uses water, clouds and flowers in succession, and it is written in a tortuous and euphemistic way, with far-reaching artistic conception and intriguing.
The first two sentences, "Once the sea was difficult for water, it was always amber", and the sea was extremely deep and wide, which dwarfed the water elsewhere. Wushan faces Yunfeng, facing the Yangtze River, and the clouds are steaming. According to Song Yu's "High Order", its cloud is transformed by the goddess, which belongs to the sky and goes down to Yuyuan. It is as lush as a pine tree and as beautiful as a charming girl. So in contrast, the clouds in other places are eclipsed. "Sea" and "Wushan" are the most beautiful images in the world. Poets use them as metaphors. Literally, they say that they have experienced the "sea" and "Wushan", and it is difficult to see the water and clouds elsewhere. In fact, they are used to comparing the feelings between husband and wife like the water in the sea and the clouds in Wushan. Their depth and beauty are unparalleled in the world, so no woman can make herself emotional except her wife.
"It's hard for water" and "it's not a cloud", which is of course Yuan Zhen's favorite thing to say to his wife, but the relationship between husband and wife like them is really rare. Yuan Zhen has a vivid description in the poem "Regret for the Past". So the third sentence says that he walked through the "flowers" and was too lazy to look, which shows that he has no attachment to women.
The fourth sentence is the reason for "lazy review". Throughout his life, Yuan Zhen respected Buddhism and Taoism by emphasizing carefree films and Buddhist scriptures (Bai Juyi praised Yuan Zhen's language in Ten Poems for Answering Questions). In addition, the "cultivation" here can also be understood as paying attention to the cultivation of moral knowledge. However, for Yuan Zhen, respecting Buddhism and Taoism, cultivating self-cultivation and pursuing scholarship are nothing more than an emotional sustenance of his lovelorn grief. The anxiety expressed by "half cultivation" and "half monarch" is the same, and it is more meaningful to say "half cultivation"
Fifth.
"All kinds of flowers are in full bloom, especially pears and whites." In spring, when all the flowers are in full bloom, the poet just picked a white pear and gave it to his wife, the fair-skinned woman. Flowers bloom in spring, and the poet picks pears, not because his wife is not like other women, not only virtuous and dignified, but also knowledgeable in poetry. More importantly, she was born rich, but she was not rich and did not advocate vanity, just like the white pear flower, which quietly bloomed in the branches. However, his wife has died, the pear tree has withered, leaving only green leaves, and he spent the last spring alone. Poets use metaphors to compare pear flowers to wives and themselves to green leaves, expressing endless nostalgia for their dead wives.
Famous comments
Fan Gang's Friends of Yunxi in the Tang Dynasty: Yuan Zhen married the Wei family at the beginning, the word was brilliant, the official position had not yet arrived, and he was poor ... Wei Hui died, and he was so sad that he said, "Xie Jia has no mercy on women ..." Another cloud said, "Once the sea was difficult for water, it was amber forever."
In Song Dynasty, You Mao's Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty (Volume II): I married Jingzhao Webster at the beginning of my life. Wei died, mourning for poetry.
In the Qing Dynasty, Pan Deyu's "Poem of Farming a Zhai": Yingying, Liu Si, and Bai Yi were all born, but lost their lives. Poetry will be enemies with others, attracting people from all over the world and harming them, so this kind of poetry is also true.
The Samadhi Collection of the Tang Dynasty in Shi Chengyu in Qing Dynasty.
Wang Kaiyun's Selected Poems of Tang Poetry in Wang Kaiyun in the Qing Dynasty approved: "The so-called thief also has a way!"
In Qing Dynasty, Qin Gui wrote "Poems for Eliminating Cold": Wei Yuan had a quatrain: "The sea is difficult for water." Or think of amorous feelings poems, or think of sadness. Husband's amorous feelings hurt magnanimity; The mourning for "Half the Sky" can also be seen from his thin temperament.
Brief introduction of the author
Yuan Zhen (779-831) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Word micro, Henan (now Luoyang, Henan) people. My family was poor in my early years. In 793 A.D. (the ninth year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong), he was cited as the Secretary of Classics, and in 803 A.D. (the nineteenth year of Zhenyuan), he was once the producer of Imperial History. He fell out of favor by offending eunuchs and conservative bureaucrats. Later, I turned to eunuchs and officials to share books. Finally, he died of sudden illness in Wuchang army. He befriended Bai Juyi, often sang along with him, and jointly advocated the new Yuefu movement, which was called "Bai Yuan" in the world. Poetry is plain and lively, showing gorgeous beauty, strong colors, twists and turns, vivid details and interesting techniques. Later works hurt glitz, so there is a ridicule that "Yuan is lighter than white customs". There are 60 volumes of Yuan County Changqing Collection, 6 volumes of addenda and more than 830 poems.