Elizabeth I (English: Elizabeth I, September 7, 1533 - March 24, 1603), named Elizabeth Tudor, was the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty, the queen of England and Ireland The Queen (reigned from November 17, 1558 to March 24, 1603) was also the nominal Queen of France. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII of England and his second wife Anne Boleyn.

In November 1558, Elizabeth's half-sister Mary I died, and Elizabeth inherited the throne. On January 15, 1559, Elizabeth was officially crowned Queen of England.

Elizabeth successfully maintained the unity of England when she came to the throne. After nearly half a century of rule, England became one of the most powerful countries in Europe. English culture also reached a peak during this period, with famous figures such as Shakespeare and Francis Bacon emerging. British colonies in North America also began to be established during this period.

The reign of Elizabeth I was called the "Golden Age" in British history.

Elizabeth I died in Richmond Palace on March 24, 1603. She never married, so she was called the "Virgin Queen". Also known as the "Queen of Glory" and "Queen of Wiseness".

Elizabeth was born at Plaistia Palace in London on September 7, 1533. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second queen, Anne Beaux-Arts. Lin's only surviving child. Because her parents were married according to Protestant canon, the Catholics believed that she was an illegitimate daughter.

Elizabeth was designated heir to the throne at birth, and her half-sister Mary (later Mary I) became her attendant.

In July 1553, after the death of Edward VI, Mary I deposed her successor Jane Gray and became the Queen of England. Mary was a devout Catholic who forced Elizabeth to convert to Catholicism. Although Elizabeth converted outwardly, she remained a Protestant at heart. Mary was unhappy with this.

On November 17, 1558, Mary I died and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne.

Elizabeth was crowned queen as Elizabeth I at Westminster Abbey on January 15, 1559. The archbishop placed the royal diadem on Elizabeth's head.

When Elizabeth I came to the throne, England was in a state of chaos due to internal religious divisions. In order to consolidate her rule and ease pressure at home and abroad, the Queen adopted a policy of compatibility with Catholicism and Protestantism and stabilized the political foundation. Successfully maintained the unity of England and, after nearly half a century of rule, made England one of the most powerful and wealthy countries in Europe. English culture also reached a peak during this period, with the emergence of many famous figures, including the playwright William Shakespeare.

During Elizabeth's reign, many navigators appeared, including Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert, which promoted the development of the British maritime industry. Britain's national power grew stronger and stronger, and it established colonies in North America.

During the reign of Elizabeth I, the British autocratic monarchy and nation-state were consolidated, the primitive accumulation of capital developed rapidly, and Spain initially seized maritime hegemony, all of which had a profound impact on British history.

On March 24, 1603, Elizabeth I died at Richmond Palace in London. Since Elizabeth never married, her death ended the Tudor dynasty.

Elizabeth I is buried on the right side of Westminster Abbey. Her successor was James I. The Tudor dynasty was replaced by the Stuart dynasty.