The specific original text of Liang Heng's "Reading Han Yu" is as follows:

Han Yu was the head of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and it is true that his articles were well written. Therefore, I started to read Han Yu's works because his "Shi Shuo" and "Jin Xue Jie" are in middle school textbooks. For extracurricular reading, Korean can be found everywhere in various selected books. Many of his aphorisms, such as: "A teacher preaches, imparts knowledge, and solves doubts", "The best of one's work is due to hard work but not to play, and success is achieved through thinking and ruined by following", etc., which have spanned more than a thousand years and are still there. guide our behavior.

But reading it from the text was caused by one thing. Last year, I went to Chaozhou on a business trip. There is Han Gong Temple in Chaozhou. It is built on the mountains and rivers and is majestic. There is a mountain behind the temple called Hanshan, and there is water in front of the temple called Hanjiang River. Local people say that this is all named after Han Yu. I was puzzled. How could Han Yu, a scholar, dominate a piece of landscape at this end of the world and enjoy it for eternity?

It turns out there is such a story. There was an Emperor Xianzong in the Tang Dynasty who was very superstitious about Buddhism. Under his initiative, Buddhism flourished in the country. In 819 AD, another large-scale event was held to welcome the Buddha's bones. When we arrived in Chang'an, we were building roads and building temples, and there were huge crowds of people. Officials, merchants, and people donated money and materials, wasting people and money, and it was a farce. Han Yu had his own opinions on this matter. He had served as a supervisory censor and had the habit of providing honest opinions to his superiors at any time. The first quality of this kind of official position is that you are not afraid of offending others, and you will not hesitate to be punished with death for making suggestions. As the saying goes, "Literature is to the death of admonishment, and force is to the death of war." Han Yu thought hard and struggled before submitting the letter. In the end, justice defeated selfishness and finally realized the brave "one delivery". Who knew that as soon as the memorial was delivered, it would cause a catastrophe; and the catastrophe would trigger a series of disasters. The story made him famous after his death.

Han Yu was a writer, so naturally he was more particular about writing memorials than ordinary officials. Both rationale and emotion are particularly moving, and the writing is sonorous and powerful. He said that the so-called Buddha bone is just a dirty withered bone. The emperor "takes a rotten and filthy thing for no reason and comes to see it in person." . I beg to use this bone to give him to the gods, and throw him into all kinds of water and fire, and never destroy his roots... How wonderful and happy! "If this Buddha really has a spirit, if there is any trouble, let him come to me. ("If the Buddha has a spirit, he can cause misfortune. If there is any disaster, he should be punished.") This really has an awe-inspiring atmosphere and dedication that is not afraid of ghosts and does not believe in evil. However, this is in line with what we are saying now: different positions have different feelings. The more Han Yu expressed his loyalty with all his heart and mind, the more Xianzong felt that he was resisting the dragon's face, peeling off the dragon's scales, and being treasonous. So he was kicked out of the capital with a loud shout and demoted to Chaozhou, a seaside city 8,000 miles away, to be a minor local official.

Han Yu's derogation was a major setback in his life. Because this is different from ordinary adversities, ordinary dissatisfaction is much more serious than Li Bai's failure to meet his talents and Liu Yong's repeated failures. They are just climbing a mountain with no way out. Han Yu has already reached the top of the mountain, and is suddenly pushed to the bottom. Bottomless abyss. One can imagine how bad his mood was. Not long after he was escorted out of Beijing, his family members were also driven out of Chang'an, and his twelve-year-old daughter died tragically beside the post road. Han Yu himself felt that life was really meaningless. He wrote the famous poem when he was crossing Lan Pass. I have always thought that Han Yu's writing was good, but his poetry was mediocre. Only this one, with a lump in his heart and waves in his writing, was indeed different:

A letter is played to the nine heavens in the morning and eight thousand on Chaozhou Road in the evening. If you want to eliminate bad things for the saint, you are willing to cherish your remaining years.

Where is Yun Heng’s Qinling family? The snow embraces the blue and the horse stops moving forward. I know that you came from afar with some intention, so that you can take me back to the river bank.

This is written for his grandnephew who came to see him, and his cold mood is evident. However, when he arrived in Chaozhou, he found that the local situation was even worse than his mood. The conditions here are not bad in terms of climate, water and soil, but due to its remote location and backward culture, there are many bad governance and bad habits. Farming methods are primitive and rural schools are not popular. At that time, slavery had already been abandoned in the north, and Tang law clearly stipulated that unscrupulous people were not allowed to be slaves. However, people were still being traded here, and it was common for wealthy people to keep slaves. "Lingnan uses mouth as its commodity, and in its desolate and obstructed area, father and son are bound to each other as slaves." Its customs also worship ghosts and gods. They do not ask for medicine when they are sick, but kill chickens and dogs in order to pray for gods to show their spirits. People live in confusion for many years.

Seeing this scene, Han Yu was shocked. Compared with the advanced civilization in the north, this place is like a piece of cake. We are both the Holy Land of the Tang Dynasty and the people of the Tang Dynasty. How can we bear to leave this corner and turn a blind eye to it? In our current words, under the same blue sky, everyone deserves love. According to the rules of the time, a demoted minister would serve his sentence like a criminal, and he would wait for the opportunity and never take the initiative to participate in politics. But Han Yu couldn't help it. He felt that his knowledge and ability could still do something for the local people. He felt that compared with the suffering of the people, his own injustice and suffering were nothing. So after he took office, just like a new official taking office, he did four things in succession. One is to get rid of crocodiles. At that time, the crocodiles were very harmful, and the local people were superstitious and only knew how to sacrifice animals. Han Yu "selected materials and skilled officials, and used strong bows and poisonous arrows" to eliminate the damage. The second is to build water conservancy projects and promote advanced farming techniques in the north. The third is to redeem slaves and maidservants. He ordered slaves to pay their debts with wages. If the money and debts were offset, the person would be free. Those who failed to pay could be redeemed with money, and they were not allowed to keep slaves in the future. The fourth is to set up education, hire teachers, build schools, and even "use the correct pronunciation as the trendy language". In today's terms, it is to promote Mandarin. It is unimaginable that from the time he was demoted to Chaozhou to the time he left Chaozhou and was demoted to Yuanzhou, he did these four things in eight months. Let’s not talk about the size of the matter, but only his sincerity. I looked carefully at the inscriptions and related information in the temple. Han Yu is indeed a man of letters, and everything he does must be expressed in articles. It is precisely this that has left us with historical materials as precious as diaries. For example, before getting rid of the crocodile, he first wrote an "Essay on Sacrifice to the Crocodile", which was simply an essay to criticize the crocodile. He said that I was ordered by the emperor to guard this land, but the crocodiles were brazenly competing for food and livestock here. "I fought against the governor and fought to be the leader. Although the governor was weak, he was willing to bow his head for the crocodiles." He restricted The crocodile migrated far away to the sea in three days. If it fails to move in three days, it will take five days. If it fails to move in five days, it will take seven days. If it fails to move in five days, the emperor will order the officials to "kill them all and then stop"! It rained continuously, so he wrote sacrifices in succession, offering sacrifices to the lake, the city god, and the stone, praying for clear weather. He said, God, it keeps raining like this, the rice won’t ripen, the silkworms won’t grow, what will the people eat and wear? If I am not a good official, please punish me. The people are innocent, please bless them. ("If the governor is unkind, he can be punished; but if he is innocent, he will benefit from it.") A heart full of fists. Han Yu wrote 13 articles during his tenure in Chaozhou. Except for three short messages and two articles, the rest were about driving crocodiles to worship heaven, asking for the establishment of rural schools, and asking for blessings for the people. The writing is like the person, and the writing is like the heart. When he was convicted of Haiyu and his family was ruined, he could still care about the people. It is really commendable.

A person who does not talk empty words as a scholar, does not tell lies as an official, and strives for practical results in government affairs, this is very valuable in the feudal era. It should be said that Han Yu's words and deeds are consistent. He held high the banner of Confucianism in politics and was a defender of traditional feudal ideology and morality. Tradition has two sides. When it faces the new revolutionary trend, it shows a hateful stubborn face. And when it faced countercurrent heresies, it showed its majesty as it is easy to shake mountains but difficult to shake traditions. The same was true for Han Yu. On the one hand, he opposed the reforms of Prime Minister Wang Shuwen. On the other hand, he deeply hated and resolutely criticized the two most acute social problems at that time, namely, the separatist rule of feudal vassals and the spread of Buddhism and Taoism. He personally participated in putting down the rebellion. In his later years, he still used his decaying body to go to the rebel camp alone to persuade the enemy to surrender. His heroic spirit was no less than that of Guan Yunchang who went to the meeting alone. He was born in a small family. He failed three times in the Jinshi examination and won the Jinshi in the fourth time. He failed three times during the examination. He can serve the people as much as he can. This is the tradition of Chinese intellectuals, who take the country as their responsibility, put the people first, do not go against their will, do not waste time, and do not waste their lives. He also advocated the ancient prose movement and led a revolution in writing. He demanded that "writing should carry the truth" and "state the affairs of speech", setting a precedent for a generation of writing, cutting off parallel prose, an extraneous branch that emphasizes form and magnificence, and directly Inherited from Qin and Han Dynasties. That's why Su Dongpo said of him: "Literature has caused the decline of eight generations, and Taoism has helped the world." He established both his career and his words, and fully practiced Confucian ethics.

He is the author of forty volumes of "Han Changli Collection", ten volumes of "Waiji Collection", "Shi Shuo" and so on. The prose writing theories he proposed such as the unity of literature and Taoism, the eloquence of the spirit and the appropriateness of the words, Wu Qu Chen Yan, Wen Congzi and so on, are of great guiding significance to future generations.

Character introduction:

Han Yu suffered repeated setbacks in his scientific career and official career, and his thoughts tended to be retrograde. Politically, he opposed the separatist rule of feudal vassals and maintained the unity of the Tang Dynasty. Ideologically, I advocate Confucian orthodoxy and criticize the thoughts of Buddhism and Laoism. He led the "Ancient Prose Movement" against parallel prose in the Tang Dynasty and opposed the flashy formalist style of writing. The prose writing theories he proposed such as the unity of literature and Taoism, the eloquence of the spirit and the appropriateness of the words, Wu Qu Chen Yan, Wen Congzi and so on, are of great guiding significance to future generations. His articles are grand, bold and unrestrained, full of twists and turns, novel and concise, logical and rigorous, integrating ancient and modern times. Whether they are argumentative, narrative or lyrical, they all form a unique style and reach a height that has never been reached by predecessors. His works are all collected in "Mr. Changli's Collection".

Han Yu was orphaned at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. He was homeless in his early years and had the ambition to study and manage the world. Although he was lonely and poor, he was hardworking and studious. At the age of twenty, he went to Chang'an to take the imperial examination, but failed in three tests. After he was twenty-five years old, he first passed the Jinshi exam, but failed in the three examinations of Erudou Hongci. He went to Dong Jin in Bianzhou and Zhang Jianfeng in Xuzhou to serve in the shogunate. Later, he returned to Beijing and served as a doctor of Simen. After the age of thirty-six, he was appointed as the Supervisory Censor. Because he wrote a letter to discuss the drought and people's hunger, asking for tax exemptions and reductions, he was demoted to the Yangshan Order. During the reign of Emperor Xianzong, he returned to the north and became a doctor of the imperial family. He was promoted to the crown prince's right concubine, but failed to achieve his ambition. After the age of fifty, he first conquered Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then moved to the Ministry of Punishment. Because he remonstrated with the Buddha's bones, he was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou. Moved to Yuanzhou. Soon after he returned to the court, he held the posts of Guozi Jijiu, Minister of the Ministry of War, Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and Jing Zhaoyin. He died at the age of fifty-seven. Politically more accomplished. The poem strives to be dangerous and novel, powerful and powerful.

Style of work:

One of the characteristics of Han Yu’s poetry, in the words of Sikong Tu, a poet critic of the late Tang Dynasty, is that “it drives the momentum, like thunder and lightning, and surges across the sky and the earth. Between" ("Ti Liu Liuzhou Collection"), simply put, it is known for its momentum. Since the Dali and Zhenyuan times, poets have limited themselves to expressing personal sadness and melancholy, and the natural scenery they wrote is mostly tainted with this emotional color; they observe meticulously and experience subtleties, but lack imagination and weak momentum. Han Yu's poems, with their grandeur and rich imagination, changed this delicate and humble phenomenon in the poetry world. Most of his poems are majestic. For example, "Nanshan Poetry" scans the whole picture of Zhongnan Mountain, including the spring, summer, autumn and winter, the exterior and interior scenes, and uses fifty-one words "or" in a row to describe Zhongnan Mountain as majestic and magnificent.