Lu Ji once said in "Wen Fu": "Putting a few words in key points can serve as a warning for an article." This means that using only a few words in key places can serve as a warning for the entire article. The so-called warning policy is a concise and concise sentence with profound and moving meaning, also known as aphorism. It can be one or two sentences scattered throughout the article, or it can be gathered together and combined into a column to form a profound and thorough argumentative paragraph; it can be used after the narrative to add the finishing touch and deepen the theme; it can also be used in the argumentative essay to reveal point of view, draw conclusions, make the article philosophical and improve the depth of thought. In short, the article will be icing on the cake due to its appearance, and there will be "highlights". Just think about it, whether it is "Preface to the Biography of Lingguan", "The Story of Shizhongshan", or "The Doctrine of Use", there are many famous works in ancient and modern times, all of which rely on their famous sentences to embody the author's profound thoughts and become the language of vigilance. Exemplary.

Therefore, middle school students who learn to write aphorisms can also make their own language shine.

The following three articles are all about failure and setbacks. You may wish to compare them and read them.

Example 1 Facing Failure

No one can escape setbacks and failures in life. Because of failure, some people may be depressed, sighing and frowning all day long, and eventually become depressed and defeated by failure; some people may blame others. Blame failure on fate or society; others will calm down, ask themselves and find out the root cause, find out the key to their failure, and then accept the failure calmly and turn it into motivation for progress.

There is a proverb that goes something like this: If you are not afraid of falling, you are afraid of falling and not being able to stand up. Many of us can understand this motto, but how many of us can do it? Failure is actually a mirror that tests our strength and fragility, and it is a catalyst that prompts us to mature. It is the dark clouds in our lives, and it is also the stone that tempers our strong will.

Facing failure means facing our thoughts. We must keep a clear mind in the face of sudden failure. We must not be knocked down by failure, lose our fighting spirit and give up on ourselves.

Facing failure is when we cover the scars of our souls with a smile. We smile because our fighting spirit is immortal; we smile because our youth is full of enthusiasm; we smile because we understand that in addition to flowers and applause, there are also swamps and traps on the road of life.

Only when you face failure can you step back from the brink, change your wrong choices, re-select goals, re-adjust directions, and use our strength and perseverance to fight for the future again.

Facing failure, drive away the dark clouds and mist in the sky, wipe away the sadness written on our faces, and then sing Zheng Zhihua’s song: He said that in the wind and rain/this pain is nothing/wipe it dry Don’t be afraid of tears/At least we still have dreams and can continue on our way.

Let us face failure, setbacks, and despise this stumbling block in life!

Example 2 Failure

(1) The conflict between Chu and Han, big and small battles Hundreds of people, Liu Bang was defeated repeatedly in battles, and in critical moments he escaped alone, but in the end. Liu Bang forced Xiang Yu to commit suicide in Wujiang River. Although future generations have some criticisms of this emperor, I think he was able to learn lessons from repeated failures, become more courageous as he fought, and eventually became an emperor. He is a great man of his generation. ——Failure is a kind of growth.

(2) "Three thousand Yue Jia can swallow up Wu." "Three thousand Yue Jia can swallow Wu." "Three thousand Yue Jia can swallow Wu." He endured the humiliation and endured the heavy burden. After returning to China, he not only endured the humiliation, but also had people outside the palace gate sing loudly every day when they saw him: "Goujian! Have you forgotten your shame?"

Determination enabled him to defeat the State of Wu and dominate the country. ——Failure is a kind of decision.

(3) There is an old man, 53 years old. The government thought he was too old and sent him alimony early. His business failed, he was in poverty, his wife was divorced, and he was miserable. However, he did not lower his hands, but clenched his fists, raised his hands, and said with a strong gesture: "I am not willing to accept it!" Then he used a pension to open a fast food restaurant, and he is what he is famous for today. The founder of the world-famous KFC chain. ——Failure is an entrepreneurial declaration.

(4) My name is lost in Sun Mountain, and I am lonely on a boat. Thinking about the hardships of living in poverty for several years, but ended up returning home alone. Traveling to Suzhou, I came to Hanshan Temple, understood life, let go of the shadows in my heart, but aroused vigorous poetry - at this point, everyone already knows that I am talking about Zhang Jihe's "Night Mooring with Fengjiao" . ——Failure is an eternal song.

(5) I think of Su Dongpo again, a famous celebrity who was once famous for his talent. He was surrounded by praises and praises.

When he fell from the peak of "success" all the way to Chibi, Huangzhou, he made a slight adjustment and announced his success to the world with "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgic" and the "Chibi Fu" before and after. The success of "cultural breakthrough"! - Failure is the only way from apparent success to substantive success.

(6) The towering Mount Everest is majestic because it buries the bones of countless pilgrims; Armstrong’s small step is of great significance because of the fall of the Challenger. ; The passage across the Pacific is majestic because it has drowned countless explorers across the sea. ——Failure is the foil of success.

(7) Ruins are also a kind of beauty - a kind of incomplete beauty, which indicates failure and inspires success.

Therefore, the Old Summer Palace inspires the struggle of the Chinese nation; the "Wailing Wall" in Jerusalem inspires the struggle of the Jewish nation. ——Failure is a spur.

Faced with these failures, these regrettable and great failures, we should calmly think: Can our "failure" still be called "failure"? We should also mark it with " Are you discouraged?

Example 3: Calm as gold

The wings of the bird flew across the sky, and the trace of calm remained in the sky;

The fish The tail waggled into the water plants, and the traces of tranquility remained at the bottom of the water;

My eyes reflected three stories, and the traces of tranquility remained in my heart:

(1) Brahma Zhi held a flower and offered it to the Buddha. The Buddha said: "Put it down." Brahma Zhi put down the flower in his left hand. The Buddha said again: "Put it down." Fanzhi put down the flower in his right hand again. The Buddha still said: "Put it down." Brahma said: "I have already put down the flowers in my hand, what else can I put down?" The Buddha said: "Put down your outer six objects, inner six roots, and middle six consciousnesses, and keep giving them up. The place where you can leave nothing is the place where you put your life." This is a Zen saying. The original meaning is that the calmer the mind is, the more simple and natural it is, the easier it is to achieve true enlightenment and achieve great enlightenment.

I often imagine seeing the Buddha like a Brahma, but holding "Success" in my right hand and "Failure" in my left hand. I think when I let go of success and failure, the six outer objects, the six inner faculties, and the six middle consciousnesses, the flower of success will surely bloom in my heart.

Gu Long said: "The more afraid of death, the easier it is for people to die; the less afraid of death, the more likely they will not die." The more afraid of failure and eager for success, the easier it is for people to miss success. shoulder.

(2) One day in the winter of 1914, a fire burned down Edison's laboratory. This undoubtedly meant that many of the research results he had worked hard to obtain throughout his life would be destroyed in the ruthless fire. ash. When the fire was at its worst, Edison's son frantically searched for his father in the billowing smoke. What did he see? The 67-year-old Edison was looking at the fire calmly, letting his white hair fly in the cold wind. He said to his son extremely calmly: "Quick! Go and call your mother. I'm afraid she will never see such a scene in her life."

Reading this story, I felt shocked: Calm It turns out to be a kind of courage.

Only a calm mind can have the courage to face setbacks, regard disappointment as the "spice of life", and be able to withstand the blows of life and enjoy life to the fullest.

Fan Zhongyan said: "Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself." It is precisely because he has a peaceful mind.

Courage born of calmness is so magnificent.

(3) Zhuge Kongming was chased by Sima Zhongda in a hurry, so he opened the city gate and sat on the top of the city to play the piano. The counselor advised Zhongda to go straight to Huanglong. Zhongda said: "Listen to the sound of Kongming's piano, it is as leisurely as the flowing water in the mountains, and your heart is as calm as the mountains. There must be support. Retreat!" So the army came and went like a tide, but Kongming escaped. One calamity.

"The mind is as calm as a mountain", in other words, it is "calm as water". It can be seen that calmness is also a kind of wisdom.

When attacking, only with a calm mind can you spot the right moment and hit the target with one hit. "Xiao Li Flying Knife" is the idealized image.

When defending, only by having a calm mind can you confuse the enemy and seize opportunities. "Kongming's empty city retreated to Zhongda" is an idealized example. In reality, behind many successful examples, there must be a calm, carefree mind and wisdom born of peace.

The three articles are all argumentative essays, but they are written in different ways. Example l After raising the topic of discussion, he began to explain how to deal with setbacks and failures from all aspects and angles. Some quotes, some metaphors, some use of cause and effect sentences, or use of parallel sentences, make incisive discussions on the correct methods and functions of dealing with setbacks and failures. It can be said that every section is precise and thorough.

Example 2 adopts the unique form of "footnote". The full text consists of seven examples, and each "footnote" of the seven examples is an aphorism. They may never fail. The role of "failure" is revealed from different angles, either in terms of its own role or in terms of the relationship between failure and success. And all of this is to pave the way for the ending. In the end, from the points to the summary, the argument is completed smoothly. Whether it is from the structural form or the way of writing the aphorism, it is worth learning and imitating.

Although Example 3 is also an argumentative essay, it is more of a figurative narrative. This is a special writing method that replaces rational viewpoints with concrete statements and turns abstractions into images.

After the three stories are comments composed of aphorisms, which are different from the first two articles. It combines quotations to illustrate the role of calmness in victory and defeat. The writing is both vivid and concrete.

Several ways of expressing aphorisms:

1. Comprehensive aphorism

It refers to a sentence that can summarize many facts or very complex truths in a very concise and very powerful sentence. Because of its strong generality and comprehensiveness, it can leave a profound inspiration to readers.

This kind of aphorism is often used at the end of a paragraph, a layer or an article. It not only summarizes the main theme of the above, but also can trigger readers to make associations, deepen their thinking about the nature of things, and make people think more deeply. Get a deeper meaning from it.

"Footnote Failure" and "Calm as Gold" are all written in this way.

2. Aphorisms containing philosophical viewpoints

To make aphorisms written profoundly and insightfully, one should consciously use philosophical viewpoints to summarize what is written. Philosophical viewpoints such as phenomenon and essence, quantitative change and qualitative change, development and stasis, primary contradictions and secondary contradictions, and the unity and transformation of opposites of contradictions can all reveal the essential attributes of the development and change of things. Once the article is guided by philosophical viewpoints, it will burst out. It brings out the spark of thought and is full of speculative color, making the language full of philosophical meaning. For example:

Failure is a pity, but it can lead to success; success is gratifying, but it can easily lead to failure. There is no permanent failure in the world, and there is certainly no permanent success. Therefore, we should not lose our confidence in failure, and we should not lose our vigilance in success.

This passage uses the philosophical viewpoint of the unity and transformation of contradictory opposites, so that the relationship between success and failure is explained extremely penetratingly and dialectically, giving people profound enlightenment.

3． Aphorisms that borrow other rhetorical techniques

Rhetorical techniques such as metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, and contrast can inspire readers' imagination, so using them to write aphorisms can trigger readers' thinking and deepen readers' in-depth understanding of events. . For example, metaphor, because there must be similarities between the ontology and the metaphor, it can trigger similar associations; and because it is expressed in a metaphorical way, it can make profound and complex truths vivid and vivid. The argument is not a rigid reasoning, so it will leave a deep impression on people; and because it can trigger the reader's association and imagination, it can inspire the reader to draw inferences from one example and draw parallels to the other, thus making the reader deeply inspired. For example:

When your heart is a lamp, the world is very big; when your heart is a sun, the world becomes smaller.

The "lamp" and "sun" here are both metaphors and contrasts. But the two different results brought about by these two different mentality can lead to various thoughts, such as when we are misunderstood and need to be tolerant to others, when we ask for and give, when the breadth of our knowledge affects our cognitive horizons When...different life experiences can trigger their own thoughts.

4． Aphorisms that seem to be contradictory but are not contradictory

Some aphorisms seem to be contradictory literally, but if you think about it carefully, not only are they not contradictory, but they are also very meaningful. This type of aphorisms are the most familiar to students. It should belong to "Some People" by Zang Kejia:

Some people are alive, but they are already dead: Some people are dead, but they are still alive.

The living are dead, and the dead are alive. This may seem contradictory, but if you think about it carefully, those who betray the country and seek glory, those who cheat the people with meat and fish, those who are corrupt and degenerate and go against the interests of the people Although they are alive, they are walking corpses, worthless, and they are as good as dead; those who have dedicated their lives and heroic sacrifices for the motherland, the people, the revolution, and the cause, their achievements, causes, and spirits will last forever. Although they are dead, they are still alive in the mouths and hearts of the people.

This type of aphorism has some contradictions in its literal meaning, and readers have to think carefully about it, so it can deepen readers' thinking. Let’s look at a few more examples:

①A person’s bankruptcy is despair, and his wealth is hope.

② When you were born, you were crying and the people around you were smiling; when you passed away, you were smiling and the people around you were crying!

③ Sowing with tears People will definitely be able to reap the benefits with a smile.

④No one is so rich that he does not need help from others, and no one is so poor that he cannot give him help in some way. People help.

⑤The jade carvings on the railings should still be there, and on the wall of ancient civilization, the big Chinese character "Demolish" is written in modern paint. It had a stark white color, but I saw darkness.

⑥Good people often warn others with bad results, while bad people often use good excuses to deceive others.

⑦Consciousness can turn hell into heaven, or turn heaven into hell.

The antonyms in the above sentences are the unity of opposites and complement each other, making the meaning of the sentence more profound, thought-provoking, thought-provoking and philosophical. Students may wish to imitate this language form to create aphorisms. But it should be noted that such aphorisms must be "actually not contradictory", otherwise ambiguity will arise. On the contrary, painting a tiger is no longer like a dog. Such aphorisms are particularly useful when revealing the philosophy of things with a dialectical relationship of unity of opposites.

Exciting passages from college entrance examination essays:

1. If a farmer misses the land for a while, he will miss the land for a year. If a person does not believe in a moment, he will not believe in a lifetime. (2001·National·Excellent "Walking with Integrity")

2. If you break trust, you will gain nothing, and if you are not sincere, you will lose. (2001·National·Excellent "The Connotation of Integrity")

3. Integrity is the fulcrum of life and the criterion for my conduct as a human being. The so-called excellent life means being honest and trustworthy and loving life. (2001·National·Excellent "The Definition of an Excellent Life")

4. Choice is a song, composed sincerely and sung with love! (2002·National·Excellent "Choice")

5 .The eternity of a meteor comes from the brilliance illuminated by life, the eternity of a moth comes from the light and heat pursued with life, and the eternity of a human master comes from choices again and again.

(2002·National·Excellent "Choose Eternity")

6. Use sensibility to give spirituality to reason, and use reason to build the bones of emotion. (2003·National·Excellent "Tiger and Rose")

7. Emotion and reason go hand in hand and are two poles of each other. Reason needs the nourishment of emotion to make life smart; emotions need the support of reason to make life wise. May everyone use the rain of emotion to water the flowers of reason. (2003·National·Excellent "Emotion and Reason")

8. Fish says to water that you can't see my tears because I am in the water; water says that I can feel your tears because You are in my heart. (2004·National·Full Score "My Heart Is Still")

9. Forgetting makes us understand tolerance, and remembering makes us learn to be grateful. Between forgetting and remembering, we have happiness and truth. Review your memories often. In the baptism of sunshine, you will find that history is a profound confession and life is a clear interpretation. (2005·National·Excellent "Remember and Forget")

10. The father left with deep concern for his son; the father left, leaving his son with a feeling that will never be repaid. There are some things that we cannot understand when we are young; when we understand, we are no longer young. This is fleeting attachment, this is happiness that cannot be reproduced, this is the past that will be hated for eternity. All the children of the world must hurry up. (2005·Zhejiang·Excellent "Interpretation of "One Branch, One Leaf, One World")

11. All living beings are ordinary but not mediocre; students are ordinary but extraordinary. (2006·Anhui·Full score "Reading Dong Qiao")

Excerpts of famous quotes:

1. The longest and shortest, the fastest and slowest, and the most ordinary in the world And the most precious, most easily overlooked and most regrettable thing is time. (Golky)

2. Wasting other people’s time is seeking money and killing; wasting one’s own time is chronic suicide. (Lenin)

3. If we can control our wealth, we will be rich and free; if our wealth controls us, we will be truly poor. (Adam Smith)

4. God gave us birth to use us as torches, not to illuminate ourselves, but to illuminate the world. (Shakespeare)

5. The flower of success, people admire her beauty now, but at the beginning her buds were soaked in the tears of struggle and sprinkled with the blood of sacrifice. (Bing Xin)

6. Treat knowledge as we treat food. We don’t live for knowledge just as we don’t live for food. (Ruskin)

7. Life is like a book. Foolish people flip through it hastily, but smart people read it carefully. (Paul)

8. When a forest grows, it does not lose its beauty because there is no one there; a gentleman cultivates virtue and does not become treacherous because of poverty. (Zi Lu)

9. Money is a fool’s curtain, which can cover up his shortcomings. (Feilden)

10. If you are not born in the future today, then you will live in the past tomorrow. (Peter Eliade)

Excellent passages from beautiful essays:

1. To be born in mediocrity and die in mediocrity is a human tragedy. We need to say "no" to mediocrity. The crown of success has always only favored those brave men who were not content with mediocrity and broke through the shackles.

I finally understand the significance of the myth created by the ancients that Kuafu died of thirst. No one has ever thought about picking up the elusive sun in the sky with infinite light and heat. Kuafu is one who is not content with mediocrity. Although he fell on the way to chase the sun, who can say that he is not a winner? What? The cane he threw out before his death turned into Deng Lin and provided shelter for subsequent sun chasers, creating a great myth. If it’s soil, why can’t it be mountains?

If it’s water, why can’t it be the ocean? If it’s woods, why can’t it be poplars? If it’s scenery, why can’t it dim all the scenery?

< p> Accommodating mediocrity may keep you away from the dangerous rapids, but at the same time, you will have more inertia, less motivation, and less hope of success.

The world is imperfect. Because of this, there are countless ancestors who pursued perfection and escaped mediocrity.

Everyone has a piece of soil under their feet, but not everyone has a path.

No longer accommodate, move toward success, start by rejecting mediocrity! ("Accommodating mediocrity is the destruction of success")

2. Thinkers say: Silence is a virtue.

Educators say: Silence is a kind of wisdom.

Yes, silence and thinking are twins. It makes people deep, and deep people become more mature.

Yes, silence is power. It enriches people, and a fulfilled life will always be young.

Some people think: numbness is silence; contempt is silence; lethargy is silence.

No, these are not silences. Silence is the fetal movement in the mother's womb before giving birth; silence is the new green sprouting in the buds in the cold spring; silence is the magma running underground before the volcano erupts.

Friends, our generation needs silence. Because: silence is a kind of temperament, a kind of demeanor, and a kind of character. If there is no silence, there will be no gestation, no shock, and no breakthrough.

The sun does not speak, it is a kind of brilliance; the mountains do not speak, it is a kind of majesty; the blue sky does not speak, it is a kind of loftiness; the earth does not speak, it is a kind of breadth.

Friends, in this bumpy, tortuous, thorny and rough road of life, setbacks are inevitable. The key is the attitude after the setbacks. At this time, you must learn to be silent, be calm in silence, reflect in silence, be strong in silence, and strike new sparks in silence.

Friend, when you succeed, don’t be proud. At this time, we should be silent, calm down in silence, look back in silence, find new starting points and establish new goals in silence.

Some people think that being eloquent and eloquent is more attractive than silence, but this may not be the case. Have you ever heard someone say: Words are silver, silence is gold. Language is temporary, silence is permanent. In fact, as far as language and silence are compared, silence and language are harmonious and complementary to each other. If language is a flower, silence is its seed; if language is a tree, silence is its roots.

Just as strength is often hidden in ruthless expressions, and tenacity is often hidden in hopeless hope, dignity is always found in profound silence.

After being silent for a winter, the moth finally turned its dream of flying into reality; after being silent for a while, the sea finally pushed the majestic waves beyond the horizon. Young friends, can we not hold up the sun of our motherland tomorrow after being silent? (Peng Yusen's "Silence") 3. Proverbs for losers

① In this life In this majestic symphony, failure is often composed as the first movement. If you want to avoid failure and avoid challenges, you will only be further away from the door of success.

② People with great ambitions regard failure as wealth. When they accept failure, they also complete the expansion and sublimation of their souls; people with weak wills regard failure as a daunting road, and they often refuse to accept failure. achieved success.

③Failure, no matter how big it is, is just an experience in life. Therefore, don’t show off too much when you succeed, and don’t be too pessimistic when you fail. Life is a long road!

④ Failure is not success, but you can learn lessons when you fail and start over with confidence and invest again. Man, that in itself is also a big success.

⑤Everyone has failed. The difference is: the value of a strong man lies in rising up after failure, while the tragedy of a coward lies in his decadence after failure.

⑥Failure, I have tasted its bitter taste, but after tasting it a lot, I can also taste the sweetness in it. It has brought trauma to the soul, but it has also sown the fire of hope to faith.

⑦ On the road of life, if you have never tasted the joy of success or the pain of failure, then your life may be spent in inaction.

⑧Failure is not a sieve, but it can filter out your childishness and unrealistic assumptions, making you less simple and more mature, less fragile and more strong.

⑨ Yearning for success but unwilling to fight failure is just as unrealistic as wanting to be a good swimmer but only doing gestures on the shore all day long.

⑩It is wishful thinking to hope that there will be no failure on the road to success. In the eyes of the strong, failure is not an obstacle to progress, but a ladder to help them climb.

11 Success is like water, a desire to nourish the cultivated land rather than a permanent harvest; failure is like wind, a test of the wings of ideals, rather than a bottomless abyss.

12 One failure can only destroy the possibility of success once, but the courage to fail contained in it can create the possibility of success a hundred times.

14The blow of failure may be unbearable. But whoever can endure it has hope of success. Those who only long for beautiful success but cannot withstand the test of failure will never achieve anything.

The truly sad thing is not those who always fail, but those who never even have a chance to fail.

15 If you struggle, you may fail, but if you don’t want to struggle, you will fail.

16 Success achieved without hard work, even once. It would be worse than a hundred failures.

17 When you lose the courage to pursue because of fear of failure, you have already failed once.

18. The palace of success is laid by countless failures. Fail once, try hard once, and when you look back, you will find that you have taken another step towards your goal of success.

19Success is a gift to the persistent; failure is a test to the pursuer.

20 If you can dedicate some of the flowers dedicated to winners to losers, then there will be more glimmers of success in the world.