Chronology:

Tao Yuanming (365-427), whose courtesy name was Yuanliang, was renamed Qian after the Jin and Song dynasties, and was given the title Mr. Wuliu, with a private posthumous title of "Jingjie". A native of Xunyang County, Xunyang County, Jiangzhou (now west of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province).

Great-grandfather Tao Kan, courtesy name Shixing, was a Grand Sima of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was granted the title of Duke of Changsha. His grandfather, Tao Mao, once served as the prefect of Wuchang County. Her father is X, and her mother is Meng. She is the fourth daughter of Shi Mengjia, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty who conquered the west.

Tao Yuanming was born in Renzi (352), the eighth year of Yonghe reign of Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty, in "Yuantianju" in Shangjingli, Xunyang County. In that year, Huan Wen ascended to the throne of Taiwei.

In the ninth year of Yonghe (353), Yin Hao, the general of the Chinese army and the governor of Yangzhou, failed in the Northern Expedition and was deposed as a commoner. Huan Wen's power was transferred to the government and the opposition. Huan Wen's first Northern Expedition failed to attack Chang'an and was defeated.

In the eleventh year of Yimao (355), the eleventh year of Yonghe, Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was four years old. Cheng's sister.

In the twelfth year of Yonghe (356), Huan Wen made his second Northern Expedition and captured Luoyang, but was defeated later.

In the third year of Yiwei (359), the third year of the reign of Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was eight years old. Tao Yuanming's father passed away. That year, Xie Wan, Xie An's younger brother, led the Northern Expedition and failed, and was deposed as a commoner. In the fourth year of Shengping (360), Xie An made a comeback and became the Sima of Huan Wen's army.

In the fifth year of Shengping (361), Emperor Mu died, and Langya King Sima Pi came to the throne as Emperor Ai.

In the first year of Renshu (363), the first year of Xingning, Emperor Ai of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was twelve years old. Tao Yuanming's concubine passed away. In that year, Huan Wen served as Shizhong, Grand Sima, and Commander-in-Chief of all military affairs at home and abroad. Huan Wen's younger brother conquered general Huan Chong and became the governor of Jiangzhou. In the third year of Xingning (365), Emperor Ai died, and Sima Yi, king of Langya, came to the throne and became the deposed emperor. In the fourth year of the Jin Dynasty when Emperor Taihe was deposed (369), Huan Wen made his third Northern Expedition and returned with a huge defeat, with more than 30,000 people dead.

In Xinwei (371), the first year of Xian'an, Emperor Wen of the Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was twenty years old.

Tao Yuanming began his career of studying abroad and seeking official positions, and came to Jiankang, the capital. Soon he left Jiankang and visited Kuaiji County, Wu County and other places.

Huan Wen deposed Sima Yi as King of Donghai, and later deposed him as Duke of Haixi. He established Prime Minister Sima Yu, King of Kuaiji, as emperor, and became Emperor Jianwen. He changed the Yuan Dynasty to Xian'an. Huan Wen killed the three sons of Duke Haixi and the Sima clan, and killed more than 300 members of the Yin and Yu families. In the second year of Xian'an (372), Emperor Jianwen died, and Prince Sima Changming came to the throne as Emperor Xiaowu.

In the first year of Guichou (373), the first year of Ningkang, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was twenty-three years old.

Tao Yuanming ended his life of studying and seeking official positions and returned to his garden.

Huan Wen died. Wang Biaozhi was the minister's order, Xie An was the minister's servant, and he was in charge of the government. Huan Chong was the general of the Chinese army, the governor of the military affairs of Yang, Jiang and Henan prefectures, the governor of Yang and Henan prefectures, and the governor of Jiajie.

In the third year of Yihai (375), the third year of Ningkang, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was twenty-four years old. "Xianqing Fu" was written in this year.

In that year, Huan Chong assigned the governor of Yangzhou to Xie'an, and issued an imperial edict to the governor of Xu, Yu, Yan, Qing, and Yang prefectures. middle.

Bingzi (376), the first year of Emperor Taiyuan of Jin Xiaowu, Tao Yuanming was twenty-five years old.

Tao Yuanming got married and started a family. He left his garden home in Shangjingli and moved to Xunyang County.

In the second year of Taiyuan (377), Xie An ordered Xie Xuan to recruit brave men to form the "Beifu Army", and Liu Laozhi joined the army. In the fourth year of Taiyuan (379), Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty captured Xiangyang.

In Gengchen (380), the fifth year of Taiyuan, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was twenty-nine years old.

Tao Yuanming was conscripted to serve as a wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou, but he was unfit for official duties. After a few days, he released himself and returned home. The state calls the master's book, but he won't do it. The poem "Encouraging Farmers" was written that year.

In the sixth year of Taiyuan, Xinsi (381), Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was thirty years old. Tao Yuanming lost his wife.

In the eighth year of Taiyuan (383), Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty launched a massive army in an attempt to destroy the Jin Dynasty. In October, Jin sent Xie Shi and Xie Xuan to resist the Qin army at Feishui and defeated them. This was the Battle of Feishui. In the ninth year of Taiyuan (384), Huan Chong died.

In the tenth year of Yiyou (385), the tenth year of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was thirty-four years old. Tao Yuanming married his stepmother.

Xie An passed away that year, and Sima Daozi and Wang Guobao took control of the government.

In the eleventh year of Taiyuan (386), the eleventh year of Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was thirty-five years old.

The eldest son Tao Yan was born.

In the thirteenth year of Taiyuan, Wuzi (388), Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was thirty-seven years old.

The second son Tao Qi was born.

Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty had Ji Chou (389) in the 14th year of Taiyuan, and Tao Yuanming was 38 years old.

The third son Tao Fen and the fourth son Tao Yi were born. The poem "Mingzi" was written that year.

In the 15th year of Taiyuan, Emperor Xiaowu ordered Wang Gong to be the military governor of Qing, Yan, You, Bing and Ji provinces, and the governor of Qing and Yan provinces. He was stationed at Jingkou and secretly controlled Sima Daozi.

In the 16th year of Xinmao (391), the 16th year of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was forty years old.

The poem "Rongmu" was written in that year.

In the 17th year of Renchen (392), the 17th year of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was 41 years old.

Tao Yuanming lost his wife again.

In that year, Emperor Xiaowu ordered Yin Zhongkan, the minister of Huangmen, to be the military governor of Jing, Yi, and Ning prefectures, and the governor of Jingzhou, and he was responsible for the town of Jiangling.

In the eighteenth year of Taiyuan (393), Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was forty-two years old.

Tao Yuanming continued to marry Zhai.

In the 19th year of Jiawu (394), the 19th year of Taiyuan, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was forty-three years old.

The youngest son Tao Tong was born.

In the 21st year of Taiyuan, Bingshen (396), Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was forty-five years old.

The poem "He Guo Zhubu" was written in that year.

In that year, Emperor Xiaowu was suffocated by Zhang Guiren, and the prince ascended the throne as Emperor An.

Ding You (397), the first year of Emperor Long'an of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was forty-six years old.

"Three Preparatory Elegies" was written that year.

That year, Wang Gong sent troops eastward in the name of seeking the royal treasure. Sima Daozi killed Wang Guobao to beg for peace, and Wang Gong returned to Jingkou. Wang Gong once sent people to conspire with Yin Zhongkan, the governor of Jingzhou. Huan Wen's son Huan Xuan persuaded Yin Zhongkan to send troops, but Yin Zhongkan hesitated and did not dare to do so. When he heard that Wang Guobao was dead, he resisted and sent troops. When he saw Wang Gong's withdrawal, he followed suit. Stop the troops.

In the second year of the Reform Movement of 1898 (398), the second year of Emperor Long'an of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was forty-seven years old.

Tao Yuanming entered the Jiangzhou governor Huanxuan shogunate.

In that year, Sima Yuanxian, the son of Sima Daozi, became the minister and took control of the court, gradually ostracizing his father Sima Daozi. Huan Xuan was appointed governor of Guangzhou by the imperial court, but he did not take up the post. Wang Gong once again "promoted Jinyang Zhijia" and contacted Yin Zhongkan, Huan Xuan, Nanjun Prime Minister Yang Quanqi and others to jointly send troops. Sima Yuanxian bribed Wang Gong's subordinate Liu Laozhi to join the army. Liu Laozhi rebelled during the attack on Jiankang, returned to attack Wang Gong, and captured and killed him. Liu Laozhi was appointed by the imperial court as the military commander of the six states of Qing, Yan, You, Bing, Xu and Yang. In order to disintegrate the Western Army, Sima Yuanxian appointed Huan Xuan as the governor of Jiangzhou, Yang Quanqi as the governor of Yongzhou, and deposed Yin Zhongkan as the governor of Guangzhou. In October, the three formed an alliance in Xunyang, but neither of them accepted the imperial edict. The imperial court had no choice but to still appoint Yin Zhongkan as the governor of Jingzhou, and the three of them received the imperial edict.

In the third year of Long'an (399), Sun En, the leader of Wu Dou Rice Road, revolted in eight counties including Kuaiji, gathering a crowd of 100,000 in ten days. Sima Yuanxian ordered Xie Yan, the governor of Xuzhou, to lead the troops to kill Sun En, who was defeated and retreated to the island. That year, Huanxuan took advantage of the famine in Jingzhou and sent troops to annihilate Yin Zhongkan and Yang Quanqi. The Huan family regained control of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

In the fourth year of Gengzi (400), Emperor Long'an of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was forty-nine years old.

Tao Yuanming was sent to Jiankang as an envoy on Huanxuan's order, and wrote "Pirates of Discuss". In May, he planned to return to Xunyang from Jiankang to visit his family, but was blocked in Guilin, so he composed two poems "In the fifth month of the Gengzi year, the wind from the capital still blocked the wind in Guilin". I returned home in late May and soon went to Jingzhou to report on my work.

In the winter of that year, Tao Yuanming returned to Xunyang for vacation and celebrated the New Year at home.

In March of that year, the imperial court appointed Huan Xuan as the governor of the eight prefectures of Jing, Si, Yong, Qin, Liang, Yi, Ning, Jiang, and Yang and Henan.

Military , the governor of Jingzhou and Jiangzhou. In May, Sun En attacked Kuaiji and Linhai, and Xie Yan was defeated and killed. In November, Liu Laozhi was appointed governor of Kuaiji and other five counties, and led his army to attack Sun En. Sun En was defeated and retreated to the island. Sima Yuanxian became the commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the sixteen states. He opened the government office with the three departments and ministers.

In the fifth year of Xinchou (401), the fifth year of Emperor Long'an of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was fifty years old.

On the fifth day of the first lunar month, Tao Yuanming and his two or three friends visited Xiechuan, and wrote a preface to "A Tour in Xiechuan". Soon he returned to the Huanxuan shogunate in Jiangling, Jingzhou.

At the beginning of July, he returned to Xunyang to visit his mother's condition, and then returned to Jiangling at the end of July. On the way, he wrote "Xin Chou went on vacation in the seventh month of his year and returned to Jiangling for a night tour to paint his mouth". In the winter of that year, my mother Meng passed away. Tao Yuanming returned to Xunyang to mourn. "Responsible Son" was written in this year.

In March of that year, Beifu army general Liu Yu and Sun En fought in Haiyan. Sun En floated to Dantu, which shocked Jiankang. Liu Yu came to help and defeated Sun En. Huan Xuan went to the "Pirates' List" again, revealing his tampering intentions. Sima Yuanxian ordered a large flood control army to prepare for the attack on Huan Xuan.

In the first year of Renyin (402), the first year of Yuanxing, Emperor Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was fifty-one years old.

"The Biography of Shi Mengfu, the General of the Former Jin Dynasty in the Western Campaign" was written in that year.

In the first month of that year, the imperial court issued an edict to accuse Huan Xuan. Sima Yuanxian personally appointed General Hussar to conquer the military governor of the Eighteen States and the military governor of the eighteen states. With General Liu Laozhi of Zhenbei as the vanguard, he ordered He sent troops to attack Huan Xuan, but after boarding the ship, he patrolled and did not dare to enter. Huanxuan banned the crossing of the river, marched his troops eastward, and passed through Xunyang in the second month to reach Gushu. In March, Liu Laozhi sent his son Liu Jingxuan to ask Huan Xuan to surrender. Huan Xuan's soldiers entered Jiankang without bloodshed, killed Sima Yuanxian, exiled Sima Daozi and killed him on the way. Huanxuan became the governor of the Chinese and foreign military affairs, the prime minister, the minister of records, the pastor of Yangzhou, and the governor of Xu, Jing, and Jiangzhou. He moved Liu Jingxuan to be the internal historian of Kuaiji in an attempt to deprive him of his military power. Liu Laozhi wanted to rebel against Huan Xuan again, but no one under his command responded, so Liu Yu and others returned to Pengcheng. With all the rebels and relatives separated, Liu Laozhi hanged himself and died. His son Liu Jingxuan fled to Later Qin. Sun En was defeated and threw himself into the sea. His brother-in-law Lu Xun led the remnants of the rebel army to fight in Yongjia. Huan Xuan appointed him as the prefect of Yongjia.

In the second year of Guimao (403), the second year of Yuanxing, Emperor Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was fifty-two years old.

Tao Yuanming wrote "Two Poems about the Ancient Farm House in the Beginning of the Spring of the Year of Guimao" and "Written in the Mid-Twelve Month of the Year of Guimao to Respect My Congdi Distance".

In February of that year, Huan Xuan called himself Xiangguo and King of Chu. Liu Yu defeated Lu Xun in Yongjia, and Lu Xun floated to the south. In December, Huan Xuan usurped the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, changing the Yuan Dynasty to Yongshi. He changed the title of Emperor Jin'an to King Pinggu and moved to Xunyang.

In the third year of Emperor Yuanxing's reign (404), Tao Yuanming was fifty-three years old.

Tao Yuanming appointed Liu Yu, general of the town army, to join the army. From Xunyang to Jingkou, he composed "The Beginning of the Town Army Joining the Army" on the way.

In February of that year, Liu Yu, Liu Daogui, He Wuji, Liu Yi, Meng Chang and others launched an uprising in Jingkou, Guangling and other places at the same time to attack Huan Xuan. The rebels gathered in Jingkou and attacked Jiankang. In March, Huanxuan's army collapsed and Huanxuan fled to Xunyang by boat. Liu Yu became the general of the town army, the governor of Xuzhou, and the military governor of Yang, Xu, Yan, Yu, Qing, Ji, You, and the eight states. Liu Jingxuan heard that Huanxuan was defeated and came to Liu Yu. In April, Huan Xuan took Emperor Jin'an to Jiangling. He Wuji and others defeated Huanxuan's army at Sangluozhou and occupied Xunyang. Liu Yu took charge of the military affairs in Jiangzhou and appointed Liu Jingxuan as the governor of Jiangzhou. Huan Xuan gathered more than 20,000 soldiers from Jingzhou and went east to fight. In May, he fought with Liu Yi and He Wuji at Zhengrongzhou, and was defeated again. Huanxuan fled back to Jiangling. A mutiny broke out in the city. Huanxuan fled to the river in panic and was killed. Huan Xuan's cousin Huan Qian and nephew Huan Zhen gathered the remaining troops and defeated the generals, and fell back into Jiangling. He Wuji was defeated in Lingxi, and He Wuji returned to Xunyang. Liu Jingxuan gathered grain and fodder to repair the warship in Xunyang, and He Wuji regained his strength.

In the first year of Yisi (405), the first year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was fifty-four years old.

In the spring, Tao Yuanming was reassigned as General Jianwei and Liu Jingxuan, the governor of Jiangzhou, joined the army. In March, he was ordered by Liu Jingxuan to go to Jiankang to submit a "job list". When he passed Qianxi, he wrote "Yisi March for Jian" Wei joined the army and sent the capital to Qianxi." After Liu Jingxuan was dismissed, Tao Yuanming resigned and returned home.

In August, Tao Yuanming served as Peng Zeling. He stayed in office for more than 80 days and wrote "Twelve Miscellaneous Poems". In November, Cheng's sister died in Wuchang. She resigned from her post to go to the funeral, wrote "Come Back and Come Back", and retired to the countryside.

In the first month of that year, Liu Yi entered Jiangling and Huan Zhen was defeated. In March, Emperor Jin'an returned to Jiankang and changed the Yuan Dynasty. Liu Yu was not allowed to serve as a minister, general of chariots and cavalry, and governor of Chinese and foreign military affairs. In April, Liu Yu took the town of Jingkou and served as the commander-in-chief of Jing, Si and other sixteen states' military affairs, and also led the governor of Yanzhou.

In Bingwu (406), the second year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was fifty-five years old.

Tao Yuanming moved back to Shangjingli to live in the garden and make a living by farming and studying. He wrote "Five Poems on Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", "Returning to the Birds", "Repaying Liu Chai Sang", "Reading Thirteen Poems on the Classic of Mountains and Seas", and "Reflecting on Scholars but Not Encountering Fu".

In that year, the imperial court granted Liu Yu the title of Duke of Yuzhang, Liu Yi the title of Duke of Nanping, and He Wuji the title of Duke of Ancheng. He Wuji was appointed as the military governor of Jing, Jiang and Hezhou and the governor of Jiangzhou.

Dingwei (407), the third year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was fifty-six years old.

On the first day of the fifth month, Cheng's sister was once again in uniform, and Tao Yuanming wrote "Essays in Honor of Cheng's Sister". In the summer, he wrote the poem "Drinking Alone in the Rain". In autumn, he wrote "Yu Ziyan and others".

In the fourth year of Wushen (408), the fourth year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was fifty-seven years old.

In June, a fire broke out in the Yuantian residence, and the Tao family had to temporarily live in the boat. Tao Yuanming wrote "Fire in the Mid-June of the Year of Wushen".

At the end of summer, he moved to Nancun, and Tao Yuanming wrote "Two Poems on Migration".

In that year, Liu Yu returned to Jiankang and served as a minister, general of chariots and cavalry, Kaifu Yitong three divisions, recorded ministerial affairs, and became the governor of Yangzhou. The conflict between Liu Yu and Liu Yi gradually intensified.

In the fifth year of Jin'an Emperor Yixi's reign (409), Tao Yuanming was fifty-eight years old.

Tao Yuanming wrote the poem "With Liu Chaisang" and politely declined Liu Yimin's invitation to live in seclusion in Mount Lushan.

On the Double Ninth Festival of this year, I wrote the poem "On September 9, the Year of Ji You".

In April of that year, Liu Yu sent troops to attack Nanyan, and in June he surrounded Guanggu.

In the sixth year of Emperor Yixi's reign (410), Tao Yuanming was fifty-nine years old.

Tao Yuanming wrote "Upland Rice Harvested in the West Field in the Mid-September of the Gengshu Year".

In winter, Changsha Gong Tao Yanshou followed Liu Yu to pursue Lu Xun and came to Xunyang. They went to Nanshan to worship at the Tao ancestral hall and visited Tao Yuanming on the way. When leaving Xunyang, Tao Yuanming wrote "A Gift to the Duke of Changsha" to say goodbye.

In February of that year, Liu Yu went to Guanggu City and Nanyan died. In May, Lu Xun defeated Liu Yi at Sangluozhou and advanced on Jiankang. In July, Liu Yu returned and relieved the siege of Jiankang. In December, Liu Yu defeated Lu Xun in Xunyang.

In the seventh year of Xinhai (411), the seventh year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was sixty years old.

In August, Tao Yuanming's younger brother Tao Zhongde passed away, and Tao Yuanming wrote "Sacrifice to My Elder Brother and Respect Yuanwen". There is a poem "Farewell to Yin and Jin".

In March of that year, Liu Yu was appointed as Taiwei and Zhongshu Supervisor. In April, Lu Xun was defeated in Jiaozhou and was forced to commit suicide by drowning. The Five Pecks of Rice Uprising failed. Liu Yi was appointed governor and governor of Jiangzhou.

In the eighth year of Yixi, Liu Yu sent troops to Jingzhou to attack Liu Yi. Liu Yi was defeated and hanged himself to death.

In the ninth year of Guichou (413), Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was sixty-two years old.

Tao Yuanming was inspired by Master Huiyuan’s establishment of a Buddhist shadow stage in Lushan Mountain and Liu Yimin’s association with the White Lotus Society, so he wrote "Three Poems on the Shape, Shadow and God".

In the eleventh year of Yimao (415), the eleventh year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was sixty-four years old.

In the spring, Tao Yuanming moved back to Yuantian and wrote "Return to the Old Residence".

The imperial court recruited Tao Yuanming as a scholar. Tao Yuanming said that he was ill and was called "Xunyang Sanyin" together with Liu Yimin and Zhou Xuzhi.

"The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu" was written in that year.

In that year, Liu Yu conquered Sima Xiuzhi, the governor of Jingzhou, and Lu Zongzhi, the governor of Yongzhou. Sima Xiuzhi and others were defeated and fled to the Later Qin Dynasty.

In Bingchen (416), the twelfth year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was sixty-five years old.

Zhou Xuzhi, Zu Qi, Xie Jingyi and others were invited by Tan Shao, the governor of Jiangzhou, to explain the collation of the "Li" scripture next to the horse shop in Xunyang City.

Tao Yuanming felt this and wrote "Xie Jingyi Sanlang, the ancestor of Zhou Xu".

In that year, Liu Yu was the governor-general of China and foreign countries. In August, he launched the Northern Expedition to Later Qin. In October, the Jin army recaptured Luoyang.

Ding Si (417), the thirteenth year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming was sixty-six years old.

Shi Yangsongling, the governor of General Zuo's office, was ordered to go to Chang'an as an envoy to congratulate the victory of the Northern Expedition. Tao Yuanming wrote "A Long History of Giving Sheep" to bid farewell.

"Twelve Poems on Drinking" was written that year.

In August of that year, the Northern Expeditionary Army recaptured Chang'an, and the Later Qin Dynasty was destroyed. In December, Liu Yu returned to Pengcheng from Chang'an and appointed his son Liu Yizhen as the military governor of Yong, Liang and Qin states, and stayed in Chang'an.

In Wuwu, the fourteenth year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an (418), Tao Yuanming was sixty-seven years old.

Wang Hong, the governor of Jiangzhou, had a relationship with Tao Yuanming, and Tao Yuanming wrote the poem "Stop Drinking".

In winter, Tao Yuanming heard about Liu Yu's abolition and establishment of the emperor, and wrote "The Dusk of the Year and Zhang Changshi".

In June of that year, Liu Yu accepted the orders of Xiangguo, Song Gong and Jiuxi. In October, there was internal strife in the Chang'an army. Liu Yu summoned Liu Yizhen to return eastward, and appointed Zhu Lingshi, the right Sima of the Prime Minister, to supervise all the military affairs in Guanzhong. In November, Liu Yizhen was defeated by the Xia army on his way back. His entire army was wiped out and he fled back alone. Zhu Lingshi's army looted in Chang'an, and the people angrily chased the Jin army. Zhu Lingshi fled to Tongguan and was surrounded by the Xia army. The whole army collapsed. He was captured and killed by the Xia army. The Northern Expedition was a complete failure.

In December, Liu Yu sent people to kill Emperor An of Jin and appointed Sima Dewen, King of Langya, as Emperor Gong of Jin.

In the first year of Emperor Yuanxi's reign (419), Tao Yuanming was sixty-eight years old.

In autumn, Tao Yuanming wrote the poem "Nine Days of Leisure".

In July of that year, Liu Yu was promoted to King of Song Dynasty. In December, the King of Song made a special gift and made the princess the queen mother and the prince the prince. His tampering intentions were clearly revealed.

In Gengshen (420), the first year of Yongchu reign of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was sixty-nine years old.

In June, Tao Yuanming heard that Liu Yu had usurped the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, and changed his name to Tao Qian.

In autumn, Wang Hong sent Xie Zhan, the prefect of Yuzhang, to take office, and Yu Dengzhi, the prefect of Xiyang, returned to the capital. He held a farewell banquet in the South Tower of Hunkou and invited Tao Qian to attend. "poetry.

"Poems of Complaints about Chu Diao Shi Pang's Bookkeeper Deng Zhizhong" and "Nine Chapters of Reading History" were written in this year.

In June of that year, Fu Liang, the official secretary of the Song Dynasty, forced Emperor Gong of the Jin Dynasty to abdicate the throne. Liu Yu became the emperor, established the Song Dynasty, and changed it to the Yongchu period of the Yuan Dynasty. Emperor Gong of Jin was appointed King of Lingling and moved out of Jiankang. The Duke of Shixing, Luling, Shi'an, Changsha and Kangle were demoted to County Duke and County Marquis, and the Duke of Changsha was demoted to Liling County Marquis.

In Xinyou (421), the second year of Yongchu reign of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was seventy years old.

Tao Qian heard that Liu Yu sent people to kill Sima Dewen, the king of Lingling, and wrote the poem "Shu Jiu".

In the third year of Renshu (422), the third year of Yongchu reign of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was seventy-one years old.

Tao Qian wrote "The Peach Blossom Spring".

In May of that year, Liu Yu was critically ill, and Sikong Xu Xianzhi, Zhongshu Ling Fu Liang, leading general Xie Hui, and Zhenbei General Tan Daoji were all ordered to do so. After Liu Yu's death, Prince Liu Yifu ascended the throne.

In the first year of Guihai (423), the first year of Jingping, the young emperor of the Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was seventy-two years old.

The poem "Answer Pang Joins the Army" is a poem of five and four characters, written in this year.

In the second year of Jingping (424), Xu Xianzhi, Xie Hui and others first deposed Luling King Liu Yizhen as a commoner, launched a palace coup in May, deposed Song Shao Emperor as King of Yingyang, and immediately killed them both. . In August, Liu Yilong, the king of Yidu and the governor of Jingzhou, ascended the throne as Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty and changed the name to Yuanjia.

In the second year of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Yichou (424), Tao Yuanming was seventy-four years old.

"Seven Poems for the Poor" was written in that year.

In Bingyin (425), the third year of Yuanjia, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was seventy-five years old.

"Written at a Meeting" and "Begging for Food" were written in this year.

In the first month of that year, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty issued an edict to investigate Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and Xie Hui for killing Yingyang and King Luling, and to kill Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and others. In February, he sent troops to attack Xie Hui, the governor of Jingzhou. Xie Hui was defeated and killed. In May, Tan Daoji was appointed as the general in the southern expedition, the third division of Kaifu Yitong, and the governor of Jiangzhou.

In Dingmao (426), the fourth year of Yuanjia, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was seventy-six years old.

Tan Daoji went to Tao Qian's home to invite Tao Qian to serve as an official, but Tao Qian refused, and Tao Qian ordered the meat to be returned.

In September, Tao Qian wrote "Self-Sacrifice Essay".

In winter, Tao Qian died of illness and was buried in the Tao clan tomb in Nanshan. Yan Yanzhi wrote the "Preface to the Elegy of Tao Zhengshi" and was given the private title "Jingjie".