A Summary of the Interpretation of Shen Lun Absolute Classic (Second Edition)
Source: Huangjiaqu Journal
The application experience of a Sichuan examinee —— Guizhou Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection was the first and Hubei Provincial Development and Reform Commission was the second zz2008-08-08 17:24.
—— The written test is the first in Guizhou Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection and the second in Hubei Provincial Development and Reform Commission.
Author: qmhk
Next, I applied for the discipline inspection and supervision position of Guizhou Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection in 2007 (the proportion of applying for this position is 2: 2000), and the total score of written test was the first, leading the second place with 14, and the second place in the score line. In the subsequent Hubei provincial examination, he also got the second ideal score (the position ratio is 2: 500) in the written test of the World Bank Office of Hubei Provincial Development and Reform Commission, and the first score in the examination. Now I will explain my personal experience below. If there is anything wrong, please correct me:
The first step is to read the material.
There are generally three questions in the application, and the score ratio is 2:3:5 (here mainly refers to the provincial examination, and the national examination questions are flexible and sometimes selective. Some provincial exams only have two questions. For the convenience of explanation, the following analysis is aimed at "2:3:5 structure"), and the answers should be considered comprehensively.
Read through all the materials first and outline the key words. It often covers the problems reflected in the materials, the reactions of all parties and the solutions. It is very important to rake and comb the materials comprehensively. A comprehensive rake comb means that you should tick out the core words of each paragraph of the material. And then preliminarily concentrated. A few words, pressure to a word; A word, down to a word or phrase. Then arrange them vertically and number them. This has two advantages. First of all, you can have an overall grasp of the materials at a glance. After you read it twice, the whole material will be in your mind. You don't have to look for it on paper again and again when you do the problem, which wastes time, is easy to get confused, and is inefficient and ineffective. Second, you immediately have an intuitive and generally organized grasp of the problems reflected in the materials and the countermeasures given in the materials. There are six problems, ten countermeasures … and so on. In fact, after this step is completed, you already have a framework for how to do the three questions.
To sum up, this step should be completed in the following order: "Read through the materials, outline the key sentences, initially concentrate and arrange the numbers".
First question
The first question is generally a summary of the main content of the material or the main problems reflected, which requires comprehensiveness, accuracy, conciseness and order (the writing must be concise, which is the basic requirement). Talking with the mouth is a taboo. Look back at the number column, pick out the problem part and expand it into a sentence. But if you write papers one by one, even if you summarize them comprehensively and the language is concise and accurate, you will pass at most (I am not a marking teacher, this is just my opinion). The same below). Because "organized" is not reflected. For example, twelve articles were sketched out, and after comparison, several articles overlapped, so it became nine articles; Secondary induction, nine can be returned to three or four; There are three or four items to write on the paper, and there is an order, so we should prioritize. The seriousness of the problem should be in turn, and the problem should be from the inside out, which embodies the logic. There are "comprehensive" and "organized", and the internal logical order is also sorted out, that is, the expression is concise and accurate, which will test the writing skills. Solid writing training is very important at ordinary times. Because the number of words in the first question is limited, it cannot be segmented. The writing in the paragraph may also reflect hierarchy. This is the first question.
For example, let's look at the first question in the 2006 national examination:
Topic: If you are a newly hired national civil servant, please summarize Minister Ding's talk in concise language for the leaders to read. The number of words is limited to 500 words (please search the original materials yourself).
Answer a:
On September 20th, 2005, Minister D came to Xinhua for an interview. The conversation was as follows:
First, with the progress of society and the increase of population, the concept of public events is also changing, but it is not an ordinary event. At present, public emergencies caused by social contradictions are increasing day by day, and China is in a period of high incidence of public emergencies.
The second is to establish a national overall emergency plan. At present, the framework system of national emergency plan has been formed.
Third, the emergency plan itself is a working principle, organizational division of labor, task division and coordination mechanism, which requires the combination of state investment and social mechanisms.
Four, the government is mainly responsible for dealing with public emergencies, and voluntary organizations or non-governmental organizations can be encouraged to participate after emergencies.
Five, to deal with emergencies, should focus on the overall situation, pay attention to coordinate the interests of all parties.
Sixth, guide the public to care about the construction of China's socialist market economic system and raise the crisis awareness of all sectors of society.
Seven, the state should have certain financial resources, including material preparation.
Eighth, the state should tell people how to deal with these incidents through publicity.
Comments: The answer language is concise and accurate, and the single word narrative is comprehensive and has strong generalization ability, but the most fatal thing is that there is no "secondary induction" and no attention is paid to hierarchy, logic and organization. I'm afraid it's extravagant.
Answer b:
The minister's speech touched on many issues. Minister D has profound and unique views on public emergencies related to economic and social stability, security and healthy development. Generally speaking, it mainly includes the following aspects:
First, public emergencies, reasons and the necessity of coping. Public emergencies are not ordinary events. If handled in time, ordinary accidents will not become emergencies, which are caused by various contradictions in the social field, such as unemployment, social security and welfare issues. Conflicts of interests among all social strata and lack of clear and effective coordination mechanism among government departments. Such incidents have caused huge casualties and property losses, so it is necessary to actively deal with them.
Second, how to deal with public emergencies. First of all, the government should have a plan to deal with emergencies, which can mobilize all sectors of society to respond in time; Second, there must be sufficient material reserves to deal with emergencies; The third is to raise the crisis awareness of all sectors of society and strengthen scientific and technological prevention.
Third, the government is the leading factor to deal with public emergencies. The government should pay attention to coordinating the interests of all sectors of society, reduce incentives and actively exercise the government's public service functions. At the same time, it should be noted that economic means cannot be directly used in public emergencies, and not all government public service functions can be marketized.
China is now at the peak of social emergencies. Although the rapid response mechanism in China is advanced, the related system problems still need to be improved.
Comments: This answer well reflects the requirements of "comprehensive, accurate, concise and organized", and reflects the candidates' good comprehensive induction ability and logical thinking ability. This is an excellent answer.
Comparing answer A and answer B, the first point in answer A can be listed separately, the second, seventh and eighth points can be listed as one point, and the third, fourth, fifth and sixth points can be listed as one point, corresponding to the first, second and third points in answer B respectively, and then adding the beginning and end, the grade of the answer sheet will be improved immediately.
the second question
The second and third questions are related to the first question, but they are more closely related. Therefore, it emphasizes the overall consideration of three issues. The second question is generally to put forward countermeasures, and the third question is to write an argumentative essay on a topic of your choice. In fact, it is often to strengthen the countermeasures put forward in the second part. The second topic is the outline of countermeasures and the third topic is discussed in detail. Considering this, the second topic is unnecessary and should not be exaggerated. The second question is generally limited to 300 to 400 words. Get to the point, write less or not at all. No need to summarize, no need to shout slogans. These are all left in the third question.
How to put forward countermeasures? There are two ways to "look back": one is to look back at the materials and find out the measures and countermeasures in the sentences outlined above, which generally include the views of experts, scholars and government officials, as well as the views of ordinary people. Find them all. Renumber it. Count to eight. Let's concentrate again, the classification of the same kind, four. The second is to look back at the first question. What kind of problems should be solved. A problem is facing a measure. In this way, it is possible to find one or two measures (this is completely possible, but it is often impossible to find the corresponding problem and countermeasure 100% in the materials. Especially for the relatively difficult national examination, the materials are mostly neat). There are five or six in all. Sometimes the countermeasures given in the data are not many and comprehensive, which needs to be saved from the brain inventory. Moreover, even if the measures given in some materials are enough for you to produce five or six articles, you can still come up with brilliant ideas in your mind. After seven or eight articles were compressed and expanded, the second problem was solved. Putting forward countermeasures is the main part of the application examination. To determine the success or failure of the application, we must be clear-headed, logical and orderly, and list them one by one. Generally speaking, you should answer at least four or five questions (I am used to answering six or seven questions). Three or two are ugly. Summary of personal experience: it is generally necessary to build a legal system, strengthen law enforcement, form a supervision mechanism, and strengthen publicity and education, and apply them to specific problems.
Also note that some exams require that the title should be written for the second question or even the first question, and it is better to write the title. This cannot be ignored. A friend mentioned the question of format. In fact, the writing of Shen Lun mainly examines the ability of candidates to put forward countermeasures and discusses them in a general style. The review of the application document format is not the key point, except that it is explicitly required to write a report to the higher authorities, and the format does not need special attention.
Sometimes the countermeasures of the second question and the third question are not exactly the same, and the number of items is also different. Personally, I think this is normal, because it is impossible to calculate all the strategies and design everything in advance in just two hours. People's understanding is a deepening process. After answering one or two questions, the writing continued to advance and the feeling gradually came out. Deeper ideas are entirely possible. I took the exam in Guizhou Province in 2007, and the eight countermeasures mentioned in the second question were condensed into six in the third question, two of which were also dealt with. Personally, I think it is the optimization of the article structure. A friend "revealed" that a person is responsible for reading a question, so don't worry about losing points because of inconsistent answers.
Anyway, the third question.
Check and put forward the theme
The first topic of the application is generally "summarizing the problems reflected in the materials", and the second topic is generally "putting forward your countermeasures", and the requirements are very clear. The third topic is "write an article from your own point of view according to the main problems reflected in the materials", which has certain flexibility and should pay attention to the examination of the topic. In most cases, and I think it is the simplest, safest and most conventional way, it is to elaborate the article put forward by the second question in detail and write perfunctorily with the countermeasures put forward by the second question as the framework. However, some examiners will add interference factors to the examination language in order to examine candidates' ability to examine questions. If you don't pay attention, you will bypass it. For example, in the food safety examination of Hubei Province in 2007, the third question, "Please write an article, why all kinds of food safety problems are always taken seriously after exposure" (the general idea), many candidates noticed the word "exposure" and began to strengthen the news supervision of food safety. My personal feeling is not quite in line with the questioner's original intention. Personally, I think what the questioner means is to ask you how to solve the food safety problem in an all-round way, especially to strengthen the source management and move the examination barrier forward. Don't always wait for the problem to come out, and the media will be exposed, so everyone will pay attention to it. Because we try to figure out the original intention of the applicant, we still have to examine the candidate's comprehensive ability to deal with the problems reflected in the materials. Otherwise, people won't take this exam after publishing so many pages of materials. Just to test your news supervision? If so, then the questioner is too low-level. Candidates must know that the party and government organs are open-minded, and the taboo is that the sword is biased. People don't ask questions sideways, and you don't take exams sideways. Naturally, your answer should not give people a biased sword. In other words, in any exam, it is very important to figure out the meaning of the questioner, just like reading in CET-4 and CET-6 in our university. You must find out what the people who test you really want to test you. If you do this right, you can ignore the specious circles that follow you and give him the answer he wants most.
There is also the "optional angle". According to many counseling books, what measures are put forward? What's the point? From the opposite side, from the side, grasping is not as good as the rest, and seeing the big picture from the small ... Personally, I feel that many statements are flashy, because what you wrote is not the composition of the college entrance examination, skills or literary talent, which are useless, harmful and useless, and are not the scores of others. As I said above, what everyone wants to test you most is your comprehensive analysis and handling ability of the main problems reflected in the materials, that is, countermeasures. Application is application, what is this? This is strategy and countermeasure. Application is a strategy, and the core point is how to solve the problem. So the third question lets you choose your own angle, but it's actually like an interview. Although there are no hard and fast rules about your dress, you still have only one choice: men's suits and women's dresses. That's the truth. Moreover, the third problem is to fill, develop and extend on the basis of the second problem, which saves trouble in itself. Because there is a ready-made foundation, it is foolish to abandon it in another way.
Therefore, the above is about the content of examination and preparation. The core of choosing an angle is to understand the essence of the application and try to figure out the original intention of the questioner. As for the skills of writing questions, we also follow this principle and abandon the usual thinking that writing questions in the college entrance examination must be unconventional and eye-catching. There is no literary talent in the application score. It is best not to use any interrogative sentences, comparative sentences or celebrity quotations in classical poetry, which will be counterproductive (you should also pay attention to the text). Look at the article titles of local officials in the "Theory" section of the People's Daily: "Accelerating structural adjustment, promoting energy conservation and emission reduction", "Innovating organizational setting mode and strengthening rural grassroots party building" ... This kind of statement tone and institutional expression is a pattern that must be followed not only for the title, but also for the text and the beginning and end.
Besides, titles such as "About …", "My opinion on …" and "My humble opinion on …" are better.
Then, some friends will naturally ask, what can we do to catch people's attention by abandoning the literary color, changing the sentence pattern and quoting celebrity poems ... How can I be different and get high marks?
I will answer your questions in detail below. There are unique ways to catch people's eyes, from skeleton to flesh and blood, from beginning to end, the expression of thickness and thinness, and how to show dazzling characteristics in usual discussions. ...
begin
Cut to the chase and make it clear. This is a typical stereotyped writing. Sometimes it comes from the latest spirit of the central government, and sometimes it is quoted from the original text, depending on the situation. Just a sentence or two, don't be wordy, the quotation is too long and the point is too slow.
Writing style: from coarse to fine in expression
Based on the above discussion, we all know that I have laid the framework of the third question, which is the enrichment, development and extension on the basis of the second question. So what I want to talk about is how to enrich, develop and extend the text. In fact, in a word, it is a process from the coarse of the second question to the fine of the third question, how to add flesh and blood to the skeleton. When we talk about discussion, we should be vigorous, not empty slogans, and we should have practical and concrete measures. For example, we will talk about strengthening legislation and improving the legal system, but how to improve it and what is the specific content of this legal system? Not everyone will say this. And this is precisely the "core competitiveness" of your article. Because you can just say "strengthen legislation and improve the legal system" in the second question, you can't do it in the third question, and you can't reach the word 1000. Therefore, it must be enriched and extended, and it must be from coarse to fine. For example, when talking about legislation, we can talk about the second question like this: "Accelerate the improvement of laws and regulations on energy conservation and emission reduction, raise the punishment standard, and effectively solve the problem of' low illegal cost and high compliance cost'." The third question, this is all you have. That's not enough. Of course, if you write like this, you can't be wrong, but as long as you are a student applying for the exam, he will think of perfecting the legal system. If the examiner reads too much, it will inevitably lead to aesthetic fatigue. If you want to catch people's eyes, you have to go one step further than others. For example, it can be said that "actively promote the formulation and revision of laws and regulations such as the Energy Conservation Law, the Circular Economy Law, the Water Pollution Prevention Law and the Air Pollution Prevention Law, constantly improve and perfect relevant rules, and build a sound system of laws and regulations on energy conservation and emission reduction." Then, with this sentence, the marking teacher has reason to believe that your argument is really powerful. Your argument is not vague and heavy, but that you are thin in a thin place. You have bones and meat.
For another example, when it comes to the comparison between economic policies and tax policies, many people will say, "Preferential tax rates are implemented for industries and fields that encourage development; High tax rates are imposed on industries and fields that restrict development. "If this is the only statement, it is ok for the second question; Not for the third question. The third question needs to follow this sentence (or take energy conservation and emission reduction as an example): "For enterprises that discharge pollutants beyond the standard, the policy of progressively collecting sewage charges according to the discharge amount is implemented, so that enterprises can form the psychological expectation that exceeding the standard discharge is not as cost-effective as their own pollution control. "
Of course, we should pay attention to the "details" in extension and expression, and also pay attention to the limits. Don't write everything in trivial details, so the examiner will think that you are a mother-in-law, can't grasp the key points, and don't have the comprehensive induction ability and concise expression ability required by civil servants. For example, in 2007, in Chongqing's energy-saving institutions, candidates "resumed" in the forum and talked about "strengthening daily energy management". The following measures were listed in a gorgeous way: "install an electric meter in every office, install a water meter in every office, and supply printing paper in every office" ... I thought this statement was really too detailed at that time, and it was not solemn enough to write it on the application answer sheet.
final result
Writing applications must have an ending. If the last time is tight, under the strong light of the invigilator, you should also add this sentence according to the paper: The above seven items are my humble opinions on solving such problems. Everything has a beginning and an end, and the integrity of structure is first and foremost the integrity of form.
Tips for ending: summarize, summarize and shout slogans. I won't say much about these routine things here. My request is to embody the characteristics and finally catch the eye of the commentator. How to embody the characteristics?
First, pay attention to current politics. For example, when writing that the medical reform has just passed the 17th National Congress, it is necessary to contact the word "treating diseases and saving lives", that is, to deduct the word "treating diseases"; If the word "reform" is retained, it is necessary to talk about reform, and add the latest authoritative expressions such as "reform and opening up is the key choice that determines the fate of contemporary China" and "the most distinctive feature of the new period is reform and opening up". If the exam is before the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we must join the authoritative expression of "unswervingly persisting in reform and opening up" in the speech of 625, and emphasize the importance of deepening reform for China at present. Finally, all these should be cast into their own words: "Deepening the reform of the medical and health system is an important measure to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (or" unswervingly adhere to reform and opening up "in the 625 speech) and an inevitable requirement to promote scientific development and social harmony ..." At the end of this sentence, the slogan is not empty, but actually shouted out.
(We should try our best to embody the characteristics in the article, for example, we can add this point to the medical reform: we should deepen the reform of the medical and health system and ensure that "everyone enjoys basic medical and health services" in accordance with the requirements of "continuing to deepen reform, promoting institutional reform and innovation in all aspects, and accelerating the pace of reform in important areas and key links" put forward in the report of the 17th National Congress.
Secondly, it can reflect the characteristics from the regional characteristics. For example, if you take the exam in Sichuan or Chongqing, and you just take the exam in new rural construction, you can end up like this (assuming you take the exam in Sichuan):
Not long ago, Chongqing and Chengdu in our province were identified by the central authorities as the first batch of national comprehensive urban and rural reform pilot zones. Cities in our province should seize the location advantage of Chengdu-Chongqing economic growth pole, absorb the practical experience of the reform of new special zones more quickly, study and formulate relevant policies and measures according to local conditions, comprehensively coordinate the economic and social development of urban and rural areas, and take the development of modern agriculture as an opportunity and a starting point to accelerate the construction of new socialist countryside!
This result clearly shows that candidates not only pay attention to national political events, but also pay more attention to the situation of the province. Although they have not yet performed their duties, they are thinking about the specific problems of the province's development with the thinking of the staff of the party and government organs in this province. Such a candidate is a new youth welcomed by the organs of the new era.
Others have some flexible ideas and no paradigms. "The cleverness of operation lies in one heart". For example, in 2007, Chongqing Province took an examination of conservation-oriented institutions. The written test day is the last day of car-free day. Wang, the mayor of Chongqing, took the lead in demonstrating taking the bus to work (try to buy a local newspaper after the exam in the morning), and advocated that administrative personnel take the bus to and from work instead of taking the company car. Candidates can write this into the application (or contact Mayor new york to squeeze the subway to work, kiss up to Mayor Wang, and then kiss up to local officials in Chongqing), which is both environmentally friendly and economical. -The examiner must have smiled and said: Hey, knock this, you can talk more!
language performance
The success of an application requires not only the strength of the skeleton, but also the enrichment of flesh and blood. A powerful argument is embodied in words and phrases. Let's talk about the things that should be paid attention to in the expression of the application in detail:
First of all, we should pay attention to the accuracy of expression. China writing is a subtle and magical thing. If you don't pay attention, you will fall. A person's sensitivity to current political concerns, the depth of understanding of the latest spirit of the central authorities, the thickness of this person's personality, whether he will be cautious or impetuous, can all be reflected in one sentence or even one sentence in his expression. For example, "class" was not mentioned a long time ago, but now it is mentioned; And now "planning" is popular, and the word "planning" is best used with caution. For example, if you are still writing "Fully Implementing Scientific Outlook on Development" instead of "Deeply Implementing Scientific Outlook on Development", "Building Socialism with Chinese characteristics" or "Building Socialism with Chinese characteristics" instead of "Developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics", the examiners will inevitably frown. Reviewers are leaders, who often write and read materials on weekdays. Be careful that your expression has turned into a physiological knee jump, so don't think too much. To achieve accurate expression, in addition to always paying attention to the basic work of the central policy, it is best to read the online posts such as "the latest expression of the 625 speech" and "the latest authoritative expression of the report of the 17th National Congress" when preparing for the application. There are still quite a few online posts.
Then there is the skill of expression. This depends on the collection at any time and place. Every little makes a mickle. Be a conscientious person.
For example, you said that "all departments should strengthen contacts and exchanges and intensify the crackdown on evil forces." Let me put it another way, "all departments should strengthen linkage and form a powerful blow to evil forces." The former is a general official style, correct but tasteless, while the latter is obviously high-grade, and the examiner with beautiful style can definitely see it.
Finally, we usually shout slogans. Is there any advertising language that you appreciate and think is the most classic? There must be. Learn it by heart. It will come in handy at a critical time. For example, I once appreciated the sentence "form a vivid situation of working together to create great achievements!" " Now I have read the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and I especially appreciate this sentence, "Strive to open up a broader development prospect for Socialism with Chinese characteristics!" , covering the important idea of "developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics", concise, clean and powerful, great! Use it at the critical moment!