In fact, Great Rome has become a symbol, so many proverbs are related to Rome, such as "When in Rome, do as the Romans do", "Rome was not built in a day" and so on.
"All roads lead to Rome" has its own road, which is called "Roman Road" built by the ancient Romans in Europe and North Africa. It is a great project in ancient Europe comparable to China and Qin.
In the process of Qin destroying six countries, many roads were built. After the establishment of the Qin dynasty, they continued to be maintained and built, forming a "galloping road" leading to major regions of the country. Today, from Dongsheng in Inner Mongolia in the north, Lingling in Hunan in the south, and the coast of Bohai Sea in the east, we can still see the huge traffic engineering relics more than 2,000 years ago. Inner Mongolia Dongsheng "Straight Road" (Qin Chi Road, which goes straight to the north) still has 90 Li Long, and the road width is still more than 35 meters. At that time, the standard width of the chidao in the plain area was 50 steps, and it was 1 step 6 feet in the Qin dynasty. Now 1 foot is about 0.23 meters. It can be calculated that the road is about 70 meters wide, which should really be regarded as an ancient "expressway". There are three pillars and one tree on the roadside, ten miles and one pavilion, and the ancillary facilities of the expressway are also readily available.
Some books say that Qin Equator is the "imperial road" for Qin Shihuang's patrol, which is probably not true. Judging from the preserved relics, it is obvious that it has been used for a long time under heavy load. If we don't forget that the scale of Qin's invasion was rare in world history, with hundreds of thousands of people at every turn, the arduous task of logistics supply and transportation is not difficult to imagine; There is no doubt that Chidao was built for military needs. The same is true of the Roman road, which is mainly a "military road". The first road, from Rome to the southern Italian town of Kapuya, was built in 3 12 BC under the command of an inspector named "Appius Claudius Kekus", so it was named "Viaapia" after him. Where the Romans fought, they built this "road" and crisscrossed it to form a "net". In continental Europe, they all lead to Rome, but in Britain, they all lead to London.
The total mileage of Roman Road will probably not be less than that of Qin Chi Road, but it is far less than that of Qin Chi Road. Its pavement is often paved with stones, which is "paving the road". The paving method is similar to the pebble road in the south of China, but it is different from the "slate road" and better than the Qin Chi road, which is usually just a compacted dirt road. The basic military unit of ancient Rome was Centurias (as the name implies), and the standard organizational system was 42 Centurias to form a legion, so this Roman legion had about 4,000 people. After Caesar was murdered in 44 BC, his nephew and adopted son Gaius (heir) competed with Ma cantoni for the right of inheritance. After winning, his army expanded to 60 legions, but decreased to 28. The Roman Empire used tens of thousands of soldiers, far less than Qin Jun. For example, the fourth emperor Claudius (reigned in 4 1-54) conquered Great Britain with about 40,000 troops. In this case, Roman Road naturally does not need to be as wide as Qin Chi Road.
It's not just the "Roman Road" that leads to Rome.
In addition to conquering Great Britain, Claudius also made an important event, that is, issued an order to allow Gaul nobles to obtain Roman citizenship, which played a very important role in the "Romanization" of Gaul. Later, in other places it conquered, the Roman Empire also carried out similar and quite "enlightened" practices; And that is really conducive to the "Romanization" of the conquered. In this case, a large number of "mainlanders" poured into Rome, and Celts, Berbers, Jews and Egyptians all became Roman citizens, not to mention Greeks respected by the Romans. So, "Roman? Isn't it a kind of "ethics"? Description "(racial description), and became a politicalterm (political term).
Obtain Roman citizenship (Romanciti? Many "outsiders" of zenship became soldiers, some became officials, some became members of the Senate, and some even became emperors. Marcus Aurelius (121-180) is both an emperor and a famous neo-Stoic philosopher. He comes from the south of Gaul. Another famous figure from South Gaul is a historian and the author of History and Chronicle (Publius Cornelius Tacitus, 55 BC? - 120? )。 Born in northern Italy, the poet Virgil (70- 19b, Dante's guide to hell in The Divine Comedy) and the historian titus livius (59- AD 17, Roman history). In today's fashionable words, these people are "successful people". For them, the road to Rome means the road to "success"; "All roads lead to Rome", which is outside the "military road" or "official career".
Trajan, who reigned in 98- 1 17, was born in Spain. He was not only the first "mainlander" to become the emperor of Rome, but also made extraordinary achievements, so he was known as "Princess Optimus Prime" (the best emperor). He changed the policy of Augustus, the "founding emperor", took the Danube as the northeast border of the empire, crossed the Danube, captured the land of the Dacians, and turned it into a frontier province of the Roman Empire, which is today's Romania, thus a Latin-speaking country appeared among the Slavic-speaking countries in Eastern Europe. In order to ensure the supply of troops, Trajan built a multi-span stone pier wooden arch bridge on the Danube River east of the iron gate, with a total length of 800 meters and a single arch with a maximum span of 52 meters. For more than 1000 years, it has not only maintained the record of "the first in Europe", but also "the world champion". No comparable bridge has been found on Qin Chi Road so far, so we have to admit that Rome Road is also superior in this respect.
Obviously, the proverb "All roads lead to Rome" should have appeared before the collapse of the Roman Empire. At first, it was probably a Latin proverb, which was translated into other languages, such as Germanic. Now there is also the saying "all Wege führen nach Roma" in German. Although Germans are not as "romanized" as Gauls, they also have Rome-centered or "orthodox" ideas; The first country established by the Germans is usually called the "First Empire" and in German it is called "Heilige Roma Lische Reich Deutscher Nation".
It was after the collapse of the Roman Empire that the Anglo-Saxons crossed the sea and came to England. They evolved into "English" and their language evolved into "English", even later. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340- 1400), the greatest English poet before Shakespeare, was lucky enough to travel to France and Italy because he was favored by many big noble and kings, but he was in Italy at that time, and Florence was the "center" instead of Rome, so he could only sigh, "We were born too late!" . Not only can the British not create this proverb, but it is also too late to translate it into English. The word "road" in All Roads lead to Rome was used as "surprise attack" in Old English (from the 5th century to 1 1 century), which means "riding a horse", but it became an abandoned word in Chaucer's era. As a "communication route", "Road" appeared at the latest in16th century; Originally written as "roadway", the word "road" in it still serves as the ancient meaning of "reading". The word "road" is also used to refer to horse riding and carriage driving. "railway" is now called "railway" in British English ("railway road" in American English), but it has also been simplified as "railway", and its evolution seems to be repeating the change from "railway" to "road" in that year.