Bauhaus (1919/4/1-1933/7) is the abbreviation of the "Public Bauhaus School" (Staatliches Bauhaus) in Weimar, Germany, and was later renamed the "Design School" (Hochschule für Gestaltung), it is still customary to call it "Bauhaus". After the reunification of Germany and Germany, the design school in Weimar was renamed Bauhaus-Universit?t Weimar. Her establishment marked the birth of modern design and had a profound impact on the development of modern design in the world. Bauhaus was also the first school in the world established entirely for the development of modern design education.

Development stage

The first stage (1919-1925), Weimar period. Walter Gropius served as the principal, proposing the lofty ideal of "a new unity of art and technology" and shouldering the sacred mission of training designers and architects in the 20th century. He recruited talents widely, hired artists and craftsmen to teach, and formed a new education system that combined art education and handicraft production; the second stage (1925-1932), the Dessau period. The Bauhaus was rebuilt in Dessau, Germany, and carried out curriculum reforms, implemented a teaching method that integrated design and production teaching, and achieved excellent results. Gropius resigned as principal of the Bauhaus in 1928 and was succeeded by HANNS MEYER, chairman of the Department of Architecture. This architect, who was a communist, expanded the artistic radicalism of the Bauhaus into political radicalism, thus causing the Bauhaus to face increasing political pressure. Finally, Meyer himself had to resign in 1930 and was succeeded by L MIES VAN DE ROHE. Mies, who took over, faced the pressure from the Nazi forces and tried his best to maintain the operation of the school. Finally, after the Nazis occupied Dessau in October 1932, they were forced to close the Bauhaus; The third stage (1932-1933), Berlin period. L. Mies van der Rohe moved the school to an abandoned office building in Berlin in an attempt to regroup. Since the Bauhaus spirit was not tolerated by the German Nazis, Mies was finally helpless in the face of the Nazi government that had just come to power. In August of that year it was announced that the Bauhaus would be permanently closed. In November 1933, the Bauhaus was closed and had to end its 14-year development process. The Bauhaus was formed from the merger of the Weimar Art School and the Polytechnic School, with the purpose of cultivating new design talents. Although the Bauhaus was called an architecture school, there was no architecture major until 1927, only textiles, ceramics, metalworking, glass, sculpture, printing and other subjects. Therefore, the Bauhaus was mainly a design school. In design theory, Bauhaus put forward three basic viewpoints: ① The new unity of art and technology; ② The purpose of design is people rather than products; ③ Design must follow natural and objective laws. These views have played a positive role in the development of industrial design, making modern design gradually move from idealism to realism, that is, using rational and scientific ideas to replace artistic self-expression and romanticism.

1. Emphasis on collective working methods to overcome personal barriers in art education and lay the foundation for corporate work. 2. Emphasis on standards to break the careless liberalization and non-standardization of art education. 3. Try to establish a new education system based on science, emphasizing the combination of scientific and logical working methods and artistic expression. The above points have shifted the center of teaching from a more personal art education system to a science and engineering system. 4. Shift the educational focus of design, which has always been about "creative appearance", to "solving problems". Therefore, for the first time, design got rid of the shortcomings of playing with form, and moved towards truly providing a convenient, practical, economical and beautiful design system, laying a solid foundation for the development of modern design. 5. Based on the experiments of Belgian designer Henri van de Velde, various studios were created, such as gold, wood, ceramics, textiles, photography, etc. It has united a group of accomplished artists and designers to get involved in design and build design education on the basis of science. 6. Breaking the framework of the old academic art education, Johnny Eaton, an important Bauhaus teacher and color expert, founded the "Basic Course" in 1920. Before that, there was no such thing as a basic course. At the same time, it created a way to combine large-scale industrial production, laying the foundation for the development of modern design education. 7. Cultivate a group of professionals who are familiar with traditional crafts and understand modern industrial production methods and design rules, forming a concise aesthetic style suitable for large machine production methods, and raising the design of modern industrial products to a new level.