What are the innovations of innovative thinking?
First, the unity of divergent thinking and centralized thinking.
Creative thinking is mainly the unity of divergent thinking and concentrated thinking. To solve a creative problem, we must first spread our thinking and imagine a possible solution; Then concentrate on thinking and determine an optimal scheme through comparative analysis. In creative thinking, divergent thinking and concentrated thinking are very important, and both are indispensable. But for creative thinking, divergent thinking is more important, divergent thinking is the main embodiment of creative thinking. Divergent thinking can break through the limitations of fixed thinking and fixed function, recombine existing knowledge and experience, and find many new possible solutions to problems. It is an open way of thinking, which has no fixed mode, direction and scope, and can be unconventional and whimsical. Without divergent thinking, it is impossible to break the traditional framework and propose new methods to solve problems.
Divergent thinking has three indicators:
(1) Fluency refers to the amount of divergent thinking. The more divergence per unit time, the better fluency;
(2) Flexibility refers to the change and flexibility of thinking in the divergent direction;
(3) Originality refers to the novelty, novelty and uniqueness of divergent thinking.
For example, if students are asked to tell what red bricks are used for, they may answer: building a house, building a wall, building steps, building roads, being a hammer, being a weapon, pressing paper, drawing and writing, grinding red powder as a pigment, exercising, padding things and absorbing water. In a limited time, the more you provide, the better your thinking fluency; Can say different uses, indicating good flexibility; The purpose of speaking is new and unique, unique that others have not said, showing originality. These three characteristics of divergent thinking are helpful for people to eliminate negative influences such as thinking set and functional set, and solve creative problems smoothly.
Concentrated thinking plays a comprehensive role in creative activities. When we put forward various assumptions and solutions to problems through divergent thinking, it does not mean the completion of creative activities. We still need to choose the most reasonable and realistic ideas from these schemes and methods. The completion of this task is undertaken by concentrated thinking, which has the function of critical choice.
Second, there are many intuitive thinking.
Intuitive thinking refers to the thinking that makes a reasonable guess, assumption or sudden understanding of the answer to the question quickly without step-by-step analysis. It is an active expression of creative thinking. It is not only the forerunner of creative invention, but also the motive force of creative activities. The result of intuitive thinking is the foresight, shortcut or the embryonic form of the best solution to the problem that cannot be obtained by logical thinking. Often starting from the whole, through guessing, jumping and compressing the thinking process, we can understand intuitively and quickly. Many scientists' inventions and creations begin with intuitive thinking. For example, Darwin intuitively put forward the view that something ran to the backlight side by observing the top of plant seedlings bending towards the sun, and later proved that there was something, namely auxin, with the development of science. Goldbach's conjecture and Fermat's conjecture in the field of mathematics were originally intuitive judgments put forward by mathematicians, but they were convinced by later generations and demonstrated for this purpose. As an important thinking activity in creative thinking, intuitive thinking has three characteristics: first, grasp the object as a whole, rather than sticking to details; Second, insight into the essence of the problem, rather than staying on the surface of the problem; The third is leap-forward thinking, not a step-by-step thinking process. Intuitive thinking is formed and carried out on the basis of knowledge and experience, and rich knowledge and experience help people form profound intuition.
Third, there are many inspirations.
In the process of creative thinking, the emergence of new ideas and solutions to problems is often sudden, which is called inspiration. It often gives people a kind of experience of being suddenly enlightened, so that puzzling problems can be explained. A survey of many scientists shows that most of them were inspired in the process of invention. Inspiration is not a mystery, it is the result of long-term accumulation of knowledge and experience and diligent thinking by thinkers. Research shows that inspiration has certain regularity. First of all, the basic condition for inspiration is that individuals have a long time to think about the problem to be studied, and they should repeatedly consider all aspects, angles and possibilities of the problem to be solved. This kind of meditation is the premise of inspiration. In fact, the generation of inspiration is a mature and natural state after in-depth thinking about all aspects of a problem. Secondly, the attention is highly focused on the problem to be solved, even to the extent of obsession. In this way, you can devote yourself to thinking and let the problem to be solved linger in your mind. Thirdly, the best time for inspiration is a short relaxation state after a long period of intense thinking, which may be walking, bathing, fishing, talking, lying comfortably in bed or other relatively relaxed moments. Because when you relax after being nervous, your brain is flexible and sensitive, and it is most likely to generate associations and trigger new ideas.
Fourth, the participation of creative imagination.
Creative thinking involves creative imagination. Because the results of creative thinking are unprecedented, individuals use imagination, especially creative imagination, to explore when thinking. Creative thinking can only transform and combine existing knowledge and experience from the highest level to build the most complete and ideal new image. For example, Newton's law of gravity was put forward on the premise of the fact that the earth revolves around the sun, the moon revolves around the earth, the tidal phenomenon of the ocean, and the apple falls to the ground. It is produced by first creating imagination in your mind and then reasoning. Einstein is a world-famous physicist. He has made many outstanding creative achievements in the highly abstract field of theoretical physics, and he mostly used his creative imagination to study. His evaluation of imagination is that imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world, promotes progress and is the source of knowledge evolution. Strictly speaking, imagination is the fundamental factor of scientific research.
A short story about innovative thinking
Victory goddess Nike shoes
Nike, a world-famous brand of sports shoes, is undoubtedly the favorite choice of many people. However, compared with its well-known popularity, its tortuous experience is somewhat unknown. Nike is supported by coaches and athletes Sosa and Knight. Sosa was born in Little Rock, USA on 193 1. 1959 became the track and field coach of American running training base. At this time, Knight, who was only 2 1 year old, was a middle and long-distance runner under Sosa. In the long-term coaching career, Sosa found that there are two main reasons for the knight's sports foot pain and leg muscle spasm. One is that the training intensity is too high, and the other is that sports shoes are not suitable. He is an experienced and enterprising coach who has been thinking about ways to solve problems. Sosa clearly knows that the main problem lies in sports shoes, because there are obvious differences between the stress points of feet in high-speed movement and slow movement, which requires that the design of sports shoes should be different from ordinary shoes and have the function of protecting athletes' feet. In fact, at that time, athletes didn't have more choices whether to wear shoes or not, which was irresponsible to athletes and directly affected their performance. Sosa is determined to train her athletes with advanced scientific and reasonable methods. To achieve this goal, first of all, athletes should wear suitable sports shoes. In order to achieve this goal as soon as possible, Sosa began to design several patterns of sports shoes according to the principles of sports mechanics and her years of practical experience. He hopes that the shoe factory can adopt his suggestion and make sports shoes that really belong to athletes. But Sosa went to many places one after another, hoping that the shoe factory could adopt his suggestion and make sports shoes that really belong to athletes. However, no shoe company is willing to accept his suggestion.
In the face of difficulties, the disappointed Sosa did not flinch easily, and he chose to go it alone. Sosa made several pairs of shoes by hand according to the pattern of sports shoes. Although these shoes are bulky and ugly in appearance, they have a special protective effect on athletes. It feels very comfortable to wear on the feet, especially the style with thickened front and rear heels, which effectively protects the athletes' legs from injury, so it is welcomed by athletes. They asked Sosa about the price and origin of this kind of shoes. What's more, this kind of shoes soon took effect. Sosa's athletes achieved unprecedented good results in a sports meeting, which strengthened Sosa's belief in popularizing this kind of shoes to the whole training base. At the same time, influenced by Sosa, Knight is determined to join him in the cause of benefiting athletes.
1964, Sosa and Knight each invested $670 to establish Blue Ribbon Sporting Goods Company, which is the predecessor of the famous Nike Company in the future. When the company was first established, there were two employees with poor conditions. Sosa is mainly responsible for designing and manufacturing new sports shoes, while Nate is responsible for running outside. Because there is no fame, no shoemaker in America is willing to cooperate with it. Sosa uses his kitchen as a shoemaking workshop to produce his products.
1965, he developed Kangzheng brand sports shoes and put them on the market with great success.
1968, he invented the soft-soled sports shoes, which was a great success again. At the same time, in order to expand the company's influence in American society, Sosa and Knight gradually expanded the business of Blue Ribbon Sporting Goods Company from the east coast to the west coast. Nike, the goddess of victory in Greek mythology, was borrowed as the trademark name of the company. Since then, Blue Ribbon Sporting Goods Company has its own official registered trademark.
From 65438 to 0975, catherine, a graduate student of Ohio State University, designed a unique and iconic Nike logo for Sosa. At the beginning, Catherine got only $6 for designing this graphic trademark, but today, its value has already exceeded hundreds of millions of dollars.
1973 is a memorable year. From this year on, Nike began to move towards a new milestone. The company's total sales exceeded $3 million for the first time. 1975 quickly jumped to $6.8 million. This is a proud and extraordinary achievement. 1972, the 20th Olympic Games happened to be held in Eugene, USA. Sosa and Knight are keenly aware that this is an infinitely huge business opportunity. When they learned that marathon runners didn't have fixed shoes, they provided them with Nike sneakers. Some athletes agreed to wear Nike sneakers and achieved good results. Sosa and Knight lost no time in announcing that three of the top five athletes wore Nike shoes. This makes Nike sneakers leave a very good impression in the minds of many athletes. However, they are not only satisfied with sponsoring a sports competition, they also need to sign contracts with athletes, maintain a good cooperative relationship with each other and ensure that these athletes can use Nike-designed products at any time. Besides, experienced athletes can provide many valuable suggestions or data. It is very helpful to test the quality of sports shoes. They understand that it may take several times more efforts than usual, but the market potential is huge. Recognizing this, Sosa and Knight decided to continue this route. Through their contact and cooperation with famous athletes Tommy, Willis, Levin and Deweitan on various occasions, Nike sneakers quickly became the favorite products of many athletes, and the fame of Sosa and Knight gradually started in the sports world, and the name of Nike company also spread to every corner of the world. Sosa and Knight developed Nike shoes with inspired creative thinking and achieved success.
The dazzling aura of success often masks the hardships and difficulties of struggle. Fighting for opportunities is often at the expense of blood and sweat. Even, some people will spend their whole lives. In fact, any road to success is bumpy and tortuous. Those successful people who have reached the peak of their careers are often noticed by people, but the arduous process of their climbing is ignored. In a sense, the success history of Sosa and Knight is a history of struggling in a difficult situation.
Famous aphorisms of innovative thinking
1. Smart young people think that if they admit the truth that others have already admitted, they will lose their originality, which is the biggest mistake.
Creativity is the ability that everyone can develop. It is a trite idea to limit creativity to the productive creation of a few scientists, writers and artists. Creativity means that everyone, as a human being, has natural potential, which is closely related to the development of mental health. Under the condition of mental health development, everyone can show creativity.
Asking a question is often more important than solving a problem. Because solving problems may only be a mathematical or experimental skill, but asking new questions requires creative imagination, which marks the real progress of science.
Every course should help to cultivate creativity. In other words, educational ethics should help to cultivate a better type of person, which will naturally make him more creative in all aspects of life.
5. It is more meaningful to express one's incorrect views than to narrate one truth of others; In the first case, you are a person, in the second case, you are just a parrot.
6. Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and an inexhaustible motive force for the country's prosperity.
7. We find that children are creative. When we know that children are creative, we should further emancipate their creativity.
8. knowing what things should be like shows that you are a smart person; Knowing what things actually look like shows that you are an experienced person; Knowing how to make things better shows that you are a talented person.
9. Emancipate children's minds, hands and feet, let them live a free life completely, and get a real education from a free life.
10. The highest ideal of life lies in the pursuit of truth.
1 1. Education is the main base for the dissemination and application of knowledge innovation and the cradle for cultivating innovative spirit and talents.
12. Science also needs creativity and fantasy. With fantasy, we can break the shackles of tradition and develop science. Guo Moruo
13. Creativity is the most flexible tool for human beings, and opportunities and creative problems abound. The key is whether we can learn to use this tool and find out the opportunities and problems.