1May, 958 16, Mao Zedong instructed in a report of the Second Engine Department: "... respect Soviet comrades and study hard with an open mind. But to get rid of superstition and defeat Jia Gui (Jia Gui is a slave). "
According to the spirit of Mao Zedong's instructions, the Second Machinery Department put forward the working principles of "struggling for three years, basically mastering atomic energy science and technology" and "learning by doing and building society" in August 1958, and adopted a series of concrete measures to tilt the nuclear industry construction to the track of self-reliance.
As expected by Mao Zedong, the atomic bomb teaching model and drawings that the Soviet side promised to deliver to China in June 1958+065438+ 10 have never arrived, and the Chinese pick-up personnel at Manzhouli Station are only waiting for the cold current in Siberia. The Soviet side changed its mind halfway. 1On June 20th, 959, the Central Committee of the Soviet Union officially sent a letter, proposing to suspend the submission of the teaching model and drawings of the atomic bomb to China, and wait until two years later to see the development of the situation. At this time, China was in economic difficulties for three years, and hundreds of millions of people didn't even have enough to eat. The Soviet Union stuck our neck. Is it still possible to spend huge sums of money to develop cutting-edge weapons? Some people in the world gloated that China could not build an atomic bomb in twenty years. Some of us think it is too difficult and expensive to develop an atomic bomb, and advocate concentrating on developing conventional weapons such as airplanes. Marshal Chen Yi, who is generous in character, has a deep understanding of the weight of the atomic bomb in the international political struggle. As soon as he heard that someone was going to back down, he flew into a rage and said, "You must take off your pants and get the atomic bomb out!" "
This famous saying of Mr. Chen spread all over the front of the nuclear industry, burning like a fire in the chest of a hundred thousand troops.
1In August 1963, Liu Jie, Minister of the Second Machinery Department, proposed that1June 1959, the Soviet Union tore up the contract and withdrew its experts. China's first atomic bomb was code-named "596" and was a "competition bomb".
With the concern of the CPC Central Committee, China's nuclear research and development work is progressing smoothly.
1963 In March, the theoretical design of the atomic bomb signed by Deng Jiaxian and Zhou was completed.
1964 65438+1October 14 Lanzhou uranium enrichment plant obtained weapons-grade highly enriched uranium;
On June 6th, the global polymerization detonation test of models 1 to 1 in Northwest Nuclear Weapons Development Base reached the expected goal.
On August 19, three nuclear test devices were assembled in the Northwest Nuclear Weapons Development Base and then transported to the test site by special train.
From August 23rd to September 1 day, unit drills and comprehensive drills were successfully conducted at the proving ground.
At this point, the preparations for the first nuclear test are basically ready, just waiting for the highest decision-making level to give the order.
1September, 964, the top decision makers of two big countries on both sides of the Pacific were nervous and busy. September 15, Washington. China's Secretary of State Lascaux, Defense Minister and McNamara, the maker of nuclear strategy to ensure destruction, limit damage and respond flexibly, held a luncheon to discuss the possibility of joint action by the United States and the Soviet Union against China's nuclear facilities. After the meeting, with the approval of President Johnson, Roske met with Dobrynin, the Soviet ambassador to the United States, and held extremely secret talks on joint action.
Rusk, etc. The day after the luncheon-
16 On the afternoon of September 6th, Zhou Enlai presided over the 9th Central Special Committee to study the first nuclear test. The morning meeting of 17 lasted until the afternoon of that day. After the meeting, Zhou Enlai made a report to Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi in Juxiang Bookstore.
Mao Zedong has long heard that the United States will attack China's nuclear facilities. After thinking for a moment, he said seriously, "The atomic bomb is scary, so it doesn't have to be used. Since it's scary, ring early. "
Mao Zedong answered the question of the timing of China's first nuclear test from a strategic perspective.
196410 June 16, China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully, and the nuclear powers' attempt to strangle it declared bankruptcy.