1. How to write a composition using verses (it should contain verses, the whole poem, and its meaning)
[Famous lines from Pre-Qin Dynasty] Those who love others will always be loved; those who respect others will always be loved. Respect.
——"Mencius Li Lou Xia" [Interpretation] People who love others will always love them, and respect others and others will always respect them. How you treat others will often be treated in the same way.
To be respected and loved, you must respect and love others. Heng: Often.
If you love your son, teach him righteousness and tolerate evil. ——"Zuo Zhuan·Yin Gong Three Years" [Interpretation] If you like your children, you should teach them morally and don't let them go down the wrong path.
These were the words of Shi Que (què), the official of the Wei State during the Spring and Autumn Period, who advised Duke Zhuang of Wei. Duke Zhuang of Wei did not listen to the advice, and his favorite son Zhouxu was eventually killed. Doting will lead children to go astray.
No, no. Na: enter, bring in.
Don’t nitpick but look for small flaws. ——"Han Feizi·General" [Interpretation] Don't pick on other people's minor flaws.
No one is perfect and no one is perfect. Picking on other people’s minor flaws is one’s own biggest shortcoming. Seek: to find.
Defect: defect. Don't vent your anger, don't make mistakes.
——"The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye" [Interpretation] Do not turn A's anger onto B, nor commit the same mistake again. Many people don't pay attention to their faults and even take them for granted. How great it would be if they could be like Yan Hui! To transfer anger: to divert anger.
2: Again, again. Without rules, there can be no square or circle.
——"Mencius Li Loushang" [Interpretation] Without compasses and rulers, rectangles and circles cannot be drawn. We must abide by certain rules and regulations in our lives and in doing things. Otherwise, if everyone does their own thing, everything will be in chaos.
Rules: Rules and moments, two tools for correcting circles and squares, are metaphors for standards and regulations. A person who has enough food and clothing knows honor and disgrace.
——"Guanzi·Herdsmen" [Interpretation] Only when the granaries are abundant can the people understand the etiquette system; only when the food and clothing are abundant can the people know honor and shame. Material civilization is the basis of spiritual civilization.
Those who govern a country must first consider the lives of the people. Lin (lǐn): granary.
Reality: enrichment. A slight difference is a thousand miles away.
——"Book of Rites·Jingjing" [Interpretation] There is a small mistake at the beginning. If it is not corrected in time, it will eventually cause a big mistake. Everything is difficult at the beginning, and you must be cautious at the beginning; you must strive for excellence and meticulousness in scientific research, otherwise heavy losses will be caused.
Millimeter: It is a small unit of measurement, describing very few or extremely small. Miù: Error.
The ruler is short and the inch is long; things are deficient and wisdom is unclear. ——Warring States Period·Chu·Qu Yuan's "Bu Ju" [Interpretation] Although the ruler is longer than the inch, it appears shorter when compared with longer things. Although the inch is shorter than the ruler, it appears longer when compared with shorter things. ; Things always have their shortcomings, and wise people always have their unwiseness.
People or things have their own strengths and weaknesses. We should not blame them for perfection, but should use their strengths and avoid weaknesses. Do your duty to the teacher.
——"The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong" [Interpretation] When faced with benevolence and righteousness, even the teacher does not have to be humble to him. This sentence is somewhat similar to the meaning of "I love my teacher, but I love truth even more" (Aristotle).
What should be done, such as elucidating benevolence and righteousness, defending truth, and upholding justice, must be done proactively and never be shied away from. If you gain the right path, you will get a lot of help, but if you get the wrong path, you will get little help.
——"Mencius Gongsun Chou" [Interpretation] With the truth, those who are in line with justice can get help from more people, while those who violate the truth and are unjust will rarely get help. It tells us that truth and justice are invincible.
To study alone without friends is to be lonely and ignorant. ——"Book of Rites·Xue Ji" [Interpretation] If you just study alone without friends to discuss with you, you will be ignorant.
Study partners have been proven to benefit learning progress. Wealth and honor cannot be lascivious, poverty and lowliness cannot be moved, and power cannot bend.
——"Mencius·Teng Wen Gong" [Interpretation] Wealth cannot make his mind confused, poverty and lowliness cannot make him change his moral integrity, and power cannot make his will surrender. Only by achieving these three points can one be called a man.
Mencius’s words have been passed down from generation to generation and have inspired countless Chinese people. The high bank is the valley, and the deep valley is the mausoleum.
——"The Book of Songs·The Turn of October" [Interpretation] The highlands turn into valleys, and the deep valleys turn into mountains. According to scientific speculation, the Himalayas were a vast ocean 70 million years ago, and the sea turned into mulberry fields, which is a metaphor for the ever-changing world.
It also means that things always transform to their opposite under certain conditions. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools.
——"The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong" [Interpretation] If a craftsman wants to do his job well, he must sharpen his tools in advance. It can be seen from this that if a person wants to be competent at work, he must first learn the skills well.
Read good books today, and you will be able to make great achievements tomorrow.
Be kind to oneself and blame others poorly.
——"The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong" [Interpretation] Blame yourself more and blame others less. This sentence means to be strict with oneself and to be lenient with others.
If you are strict with yourself, you will make rapid progress; if you are tolerant of others, you will stay away from resentment. Gongzi: oneself.
The word "responsibility" is omitted after "thick". Responsibility: blame, demand.
There are roads in the mountain of books, hard work is the path, and there is no limit to the sea of ??learning, and hard work is the boat. If a young man does not work hard, the old man will be miserable.
Encouragement to Study by Yan Zhenqing The lights are on at three o'clock and the chickens are on at five o'clock. It is the time for men to study. Black-haired people don't know how to study diligently early, and white-haired people regret studying late.
Life is about hard work, and nothing is gained without asking for anything - Zhang Hengye is good at hard work but wastes in play, success is achieved by thinking and destroyed by casualness - Han Yu's genius is the ability of endless hard work and diligence - Carlisle is smart Diligence lies in diligence, while genius lies in accumulation - Hua Luogeng is not a truly good scholar if he is eager to learn but not diligent in asking questions. There are roads in the mountain of books, and diligence is the path, and there is no limit to the sea of ??learning, and hard work is the boat.
If you work hard for a day, you can get a good night's sleep; if you work hard for a lifetime, you can sleep happily - Leonardo da Vinci (Italy) The decisive factor in forming genius should be diligence - Guo Moruo The human brain is the same as the limbs and has many uses. If you don't use it, it will be useless - Mao Yisheng Do you want to be a happy person? I hope you can first learn to bear hardships - Turgenev's inspiration is just "the reward of tenacious labor" - Repin is so perseverant that he needs to sleep at three o'clock and wake up at five o'clock. The most useless thing is to be exposed to the sun for ten days in one day. cold. Success = hard work + correct method + less empty words - Einstein How can you see a rainbow without going through wind and rain - "Real Heroes" The edge of a sword comes from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from the bitter cold.
Since ancient times, people who have made great achievements in learning are inseparable from the word "hardship". Genius is ninety-nine percent perspiration and one percent inspiration - Edison. The road to art is full of thorns, which is also a good thing. It daunts ordinary people, except those with strong wills - Hugo's famous aphorisms to encourage learning! ●Things often go against the will of others, and things always depend on man-made efforts.
●The horse is running. 2. How to use ancient poems in compositions
The ancients often said, "The spirit of poetry and calligraphy comes from China."
Classical poems contain profound cultural heritage and emotional resources, which are of wonderful use. Ancient poems and essays can activate language expression, highlight the heritage of the article, and make the article exude a strong scholarly and cultural atmosphere. This is undoubtedly an effective and convenient way for college entrance examination essays to be "outstanding" and "innovative".
So, how to use ancient poetry to add color to your college entrance examination essay? 1. Use famous quotes from ancient poems and essays to make them stand out. This is the most common way in college entrance examination essays. The citations can be divided into partial quotations and full quotations. (1) Partial quotation.
It is to quote famous lines from classical poetry in part of the article, such as the title, inscription, first paragraph and end of the article. The location of these places is more prominent and eye-catching, which can easily attract readers' attention and leave a good impression on them.
Quoting famous lines from ancient poems in the title of an article can make the title appear elegant and meaningful, full of literary interest, and be eye-catching and encourage people to read. For example, the title of "The Moon Is My Hometown" by candidates from Fujian in 2003 quoted Du Fu's famous saying, which not only closely followed the topic of "the closeness and distance of feelings and the recognition of things", but also expressed it more charmingly; candidates from Fujian in 2004 The title of "One Life under the Wind and Rain" by Su Shi quoted from Su Shi's "Ding Feng Bo", which is closely related to the selected historical figures, is appropriate and concise, and also clearly indicates the title of the article. It writes about Su Shi's open-mindedness and detachment, which can be said to "kill two birds with one stone." bird".
Embedding good verses of poetry at the beginning of the article to lead the whole article can make the language appear concise and incisive, and allow the markers to immediately "see" the author's cultural accumulation and humanistic qualities, giving them Make a better first impression. For example, the 2004 Shaanxi examinee's "Searching for Happiness, Wonderful Life" begins: "Walking on the path with slowly falling leaves in autumn, I couldn't help but chant: 'The endless fallen leaves are rustling, and endless sadness is rolling in."
'Lamenting the sadness and misfortune of fallen leaves. In fact, the life of fallen leaves may be like this, just to be luxuriant in spring and colorful in autumn.
To change the way of thinking, Gong Zizhen once said, "Falling red is not a heartless thing." , turn into spring mud to protect the flowers! We should rejoice and enjoy the colorful autumn scenery." This beginning starts from the scene, using Du Fu's "the boundless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in", which naturally leads to the association of fallen leaves. , and then quoted Gong Zizhen’s famous sayings, which appropriately interpreted the connotation of the philosophical topic "Happiness and our way of thinking".
This approach makes the article seem profound and poetic at the beginning, thereby avoiding the dryness that may arise from "getting to the point" style reasoning. Quoting classical poetry at the end of an article has the finishing touch, can enlighten people's minds, sublimate the theme, and achieve an expressive effect of exhaustive words and infinite meaning, making readers close their books in deep thought and have endless aftertaste.
For example, the ending of "Zhao Hai Yi Tian" written by Fujian candidates in 2004: "If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, rushes to the sea and never returns. If you don't see it, the mirror in the high hall has sad white hair, and the morning is like blue silk and turns to snow at dusk. .
"The years are fleeting, and time is passing by like lightning. Perhaps, only history can fill the "wordless monument with words". Perhaps only history can best interpret what Zeng Guofan wrote when he was about to wear his yellow robe in Tianjing City. A sentence that expresses the state of mind of one's life: Countless flowers shine on the sea when leaning on the sky, and the heart knows itself when the water flows high on the mountain.
The three quotations are appropriate and natural, making the article full of literary talent, emotional and rational, far-reaching meaning, dialectical and profound. It is a beautiful and powerful "leopard's tail" to evaluate the historical figure Zeng Guofan.
It refers to both the large number of quotations within the entire paragraph and the large number of quotations in each paragraph of the whole text. Quotation. Due to the profound cultural heritage of classical poetry, a large number of citations will greatly enhance the cultural quality and aesthetic taste of the article and enrich the article's heritage.
The entire paragraph is quoted as follows: "What is loneliness? Once upon a time, Li Bai "raised a glass to the bright moon and made three people in the shadows." Perhaps loneliness is the feeling of being surrounded by each other when the moon is bright in the sky, the wind is as good as the water, and everything is silent! Once upon a time, empress Li lamented, "I went up to the west tower alone in silence, the moon was like a hook, and the lonely sycamore tree locked the autumn deep in the courtyard." Perhaps, loneliness is the entanglement of love in the deep palace courtyard, the worries of the country, the worries of the family, and the worries of people! Once upon a time, Chen Zi'ang lamented, "I've never seen the ancients before, and I've never seen the newcomers since. Thinking of the long journey of heaven and earth, I shed tears alone." Perhaps loneliness is the empty state of mind where the grass remains the same, the end of the world remains the same, and things are different and people are different! So, I asked the moon, and Chang'e of Guanghan Palace told me that loneliness is "the shadow of candles on the mica screen is deep, and the stars are gradually falling over the long river" and "the heart of the blue sea and blue sky every night." What exactly is loneliness? I can't answer. ”
——The outstanding essay "The Rhythm of Loneliness" in the 2000 College Entrance Examination quoted five famous poems in one paragraph, which served as the carrier of the emotion and meaning of the article, giving "loneliness" a profound cultural connotation. , not only adds a bright color to the article, but also enhances the persuasiveness and appeal of the argument, making the article rich in background, full of elegant poetic flavor and rich humanistic flavor. The entire article is quoted from the 2003 Sichuan Provincial College Entrance Examination Excellent Essay. "Only because I am in this mountain" can be regarded as a model work.
The title of this article is a famous quote by Su Shi, which very appropriately alludes to the topic of the composition: "Emotional closeness and cognition of things." "; and then quoted Cui Hu's poem "On this day last year, in this door, the faces of the people and the peach blossoms reflected each other's red. "Human faces don't know where to go, but peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze", which naturally leads to the understanding of the relationship between "emotion and cognition" and establishes the main theme of the article; then, following the first paragraph, it quotes Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream Ling (Last Night Rained and the Wind Sudden) )", Du Fu's "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", Su Shi's "Niannujiao·Red Cliff Nostalgic", and Du Mu's "Red Cliff" further elaborate on the theme from several angles, with vivid images and rationality; at the end, Su Shi's " "I don't know the true face of Mount Lu" concludes the full text.
Looking at the full text, the appropriate quotations and embeddings of classical poetry make the philosophical thinking and emotional expression convey a profound and concise message, giving the article a high cultural taste. 2. The structure of ancient poetry is clever and brilliant. The ancients paid great attention to organization when writing poems and compositions. Each poem (piece) has its own complete writing structure and writing context. In addition, the ancient poetry itself is concise and meaningful, with harmonious phonology. Using ancient poetry to lay out the writing structure of the article can not only make the article layered and clear, but also give people an elegant and beautiful feeling, which can impress readers in the shortest time.
This point, in 2004. The excellent composition of the Hunan College Entrance Examination "Pipa Xing: The Love of Parents" has set a good example. 3. How to incorporate the compositions you usually write into the examination composition
You can choose a good topic first (written before, because Think again during the exam: 1. It’s not safe; 2. It may not be possible to think of it), and then use the following method to think about it carefully, even if the subject matter is not good, you can put old wine in a new bottle and use good new ideas to impress the teachers:
The unique innovative design can make the colorful silk composed of "red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple" dance beautifully in the air. The unique expression can make the carefully packaged high school entrance examination essay full of aura and charm. . Summarizing the innovative techniques of the 2001 High School Entrance Examination composition will definitely make our eyes bright.
1. The composition of the 2001 Nanjing High School Entrance Examination requires "right and wrong" as the topic. To write an article, a candidate created his own topic "Self-proven Right and Wrong". In addition to a simple description of the environment at the beginning and end, the main part of the article consists of four parts: "Known", "Verification", "Proof" and "Answer" The author expresses his understanding of "penalty copying 500 times" in the form of solving geometry proof problems. The theme of the article is the "right and wrong" of penalty copying and the "right and wrong" of refusing penalty copying and "fighting wits with the teacher". "Wrong or wrong" is expressed in a relaxed and humorous way through this novel and unique form.
2. Script-style conception. With the liberalization of the stylistic requirements for high school entrance examination compositions, some candidates wittily use scripts as a multi-purpose The candidates were conceived in a genre that was still unfamiliar to them, showing a strong sense of innovation. The play "Wrong? Right!" by a candidate in Nanjing captured the interest of junior high school students in writing "is it right or wrong" and had various elements of a one-act play. The prologue explains the background, the dialogue between the students Hanjing and Teacher Li is distinctive, Hanjing's inner monologue is full of emotions, and the transition of the stage scene is natural and smooth, such as "Speechless, tugging at the corner of clothes", "Looking up", "Standing". The stage instructions such as "Get up", "Take two steps to the right and the lights will become whiter" are accurate and appropriate.
Through compact and concentrated conflicts, the script expresses the confusion and reflection that the contemporary education system brings to people, and achieves an expression effect that is difficult to achieve with other literary styles.
3. Conversational ideation. The creativity of this concept is that the whole text is unfolded in the second person "you", and the narration is carried out in the form of dialogue and heart-to-heart talk with the readers, giving the readers a sense of close intimacy. A candidate from Hebei drafted the question "Discover Yourself". In the article, "you" is used as a statement 42 times, in accordance with the following principles: "Discover your own coordinates in life, discover your motivation for struggle", "Discover yourself, discover your beauty, and more "Discover your flaws" and "Discover your own interests and show the beauty of your personality" describe the aesthetic connotation of "discover yourself" at three levels. The novel and unique expression forms and intimate calls arouse the strong desire of readers* **Ming.
4. Variant conception. "Follow the rules" and conceive according to the requirements of the topic one by one, it is inevitable to follow what others say and become the same. Smart candidates are good at finding "variation" points in the questions and showing their thinking personality within the scope allowed by the questions. One of the prompts for essay questions in the 2001 Shaanxi Provincial High School Entrance Examination was "Beautiful and beautiful campus songs make people feel relaxed and happy", and one of the three options was "Listen to ____, I really ____". Many candidates filled in the specific song title on the previous line, and their thoughts flowed in a single direction, with many similar papers. One candidate took "campus song" as a point of variation and said that the "floating and lingering" spring rain was a "campus song" without a musical score, so he came up with a refreshing title like "Listening to the rain, I am so intoxicated" . In the article, the author said that Chunyu "sings softly to hollow out your mind, express your melancholy, and explain your doubts...making you feel as if you have become a drop of rain, a tree, a grass, a bouquet of flowers, A pinch of soil", "The mistakes in my growth will become beautiful in this soft singing", "Too many thoughts... too many sorrows can be released one by one in the shallow chant of spring rain", due to the author's mutation The style concept has found a suitable entry point for expressing one's own personality, so the intoxication of listening to the rain can be described in a precise and extraordinary way.
5. Reverse conception. Rebounding Pipa and thinking in reverse will often lead to unique insights, making your articles unique and shining. In 2001, the essay question for the high school entrance examination in Yiyang City, Hunan Province was "Using the topic of 'care' and combining it with my own personal feelings" to write an article with true feelings. Many candidates cannot escape the stereotype of "describing the virtues of those who 'care' and expressing the gratitude of those who are 'cared for'". They always write from the front, giving people the impression that everyone is the same. One candidate was creative and used the public's concern over the naming of a hundred-day-old child to elicit a tragic story about an old man (that is, the child's grandfather) who was ignored and discriminated against. The contrast between the different attitudes of the family towards the child and the old man reflected in sharp contrast. A profound theme of great social significance. The concept of the article is mainly "anti", "positive" is used to contrast "anti", "anti" is used to write "positive", and the elderly are not "cared for" to call on the whole society to "care" for the elderly. This conception gives The title "Care" is given with a deeper and broader content to give people thinking and new eyes and ears. 4. How to integrate love poems into college entrance examination composition
First of all, how many poems do you have in your belly? Your on-the-spot reaction in the exam room should never be faked unless you know the test questions in advance. On a hot summer day, when the doors and windows are wide open, a cool breeze blows in. Some people say: It’s such a strong wind; some people say: It’s really a sentimental wind blowing thousands of miles away. When you enter the examination room, you can tell who is better at a glance.
Of course, this problem can be solved in one year of high school. All ancient Chinese texts in the class must be memorized by heart, and you should be able to memorize them upside down. Then, based on the lessons in class, look at some extended masterpieces.
For example: There is a poem by Xin Qiji in the class. Look for 10 representative poems by Xin Qiji, recite them repeatedly (don’t memorize them at this time), and choose the 3 that you like the most— Find 5 songs. Maybe everyone will say that the other few poems you didn’t choose are the best, but the ones you choose are the ones you feel the most and understand best, and are the easiest to use when writing. These are your poems. , individuality, innovation and understanding are very important, teachers will also be refreshing and treat you differently.
There are only a handful of ancient poetry writers in the college entrance examination class. After all the screening, there are only about 50 poems. At this time, you copy one poem every day and post it and you will see it when you look up. place, memorize it, understand it, and think about it. After looping two or three times, you can expand the scope and screen another batch. In this way, plus the ones in class, you will have about 100 ancient poems in your stomach in the third year of high school. At this time, I tell you, it is time to quote them at will without feeling far-fetched or stretched.
Of course, the above is based on the situation that you did nothing for 2/3 of your three years in high school. My favorite method is to read a lot, copy down what I like, add my own opinions, and write it into a thick book. In this case, I can not only quote poems but also some sentences, chapters and opinions from famous articles. The clever integration of modern poetry between the lines is also a must-have in the examination room.
Second, let’s talk about the way of citation. The poster who raised this question must have said it from the teacher. Extra points will be given if you quote more. This is the truth, but many people use the truth in a disgusting way. In fact, it is just a poem: Moisturize things silently.
Quotation marks in articles are the worst.
The second worst thing is that the entire paragraph and sentence are used exactly the same. Both of these methods despise the IQ of the marking teacher. Don’t you know the poetry teacher who knows this? Do they want you to carry it? No, even if you want to show off how much you know and how remote you are, don’t provoke the teacher by saying the same sentence. In fact, if you look through some college entrance examination essay selections, you will know that these two are really very low-level.
The word "clever" seems simple, but it is actually very mysterious. There is one person whose articles are an example of the wonderful use of poetry: Yu Guangzhong. Let’s take an example: in autumn on the mainland, whether it’s sparse raindrops on the sycamore trees or showers hitting the lotus leaves, it always sounds a bit desolate, desolate, and desolate. Now when I think about it on the island, it’s beyond the desolation. I'm so miserable on the upper level. No matter how heroic and chivalrous you are, I'm afraid you won't be able to withstand the wind and rain over and over again. ("Listen to the Cold Rain") Can you count how many verses are used in this sentence? Li Qingzhao’s search, desolation, desolation, misery, and sorrow are all in this sentence. If you open this poem by Li Qingzhao and compare it, are the sparse rain, parasol trees, drops, and melancholy all present? Not to mention the heroic spirit and heroic spirit, and the rain and wind blowing away. After reading more of his articles, one day I will suddenly be able to imitate his methods, which is also an unexpected gain. Yes, as I just said, this is called transformation.
Chemistry is the introduction to clever citation. But what kind of teacher can’t help but give you high marks at the first sight? What follows is my favorite quoted image. There is something that appears repeatedly in ancient Chinese poetry: rain, ape's cry, weeping blood, Jiangnan, Guhong, climbing a building, flowing water, and chrysanthemum. . . These have fixed meanings and context associated with them. In composition, I recommend that when expressive expressions, you can pile up a large number of similar images to achieve the effect of directing emotions to ***. This is very difficult. You can give it a try, but if you don't have enough confidence, you will look extremely stupid.
To summarize, the ways of clever quotation are arranged from high to low: stacking similar images, using verses, quoting the whole sentence, and quoting in double quotes. Note, don’t stop quoting in double quotes at all just because I said it’s silly. If you really quote exactly the same thing individually or use double quotes, it will show that your writing skills (application of punctuation marks) are very good. First, use it in a standardized way. Use Chinese and think about how to write better.
One more sentence: These four methods work best when mixed, and the real beauty is the patchwork.
Finally, let’s talk about a situation where going too far is not enough. In the college entrance examination sample essays of the past few years, there was a type of essay that got a lot of high scores, that is, the entire essay was filled with a lot of poetry, but in fact the thinking was very little and very thin. It was extremely gorgeous, and the real point of view probably only contained one or two without any logic.
I don’t want the author’s composition to become like this after I finish writing this article. This is a tragedy. Quoting poetry is just a rhetorical method, a quick way to get high scores, but the best articles are high-scoring articles in anyone’s hands. They are thoughtful articles, articles with clear logical lines and profound discussions. . Some people say that it is not important what you say, but how you say it is the most important. This is either true or not. How you say it is of course the most important, but what you say is what the teacher wants to see and what you say is the best way to take exams, right? Think more about everything you see, debate with your classmates and teachers, and observe the students in the class who write really well. They are the ones who think and read the most.
Well, I wish you success! come on!
If you have any questions, please ask more.