B. correct the defects in economic policies in time.
C. Reasonably absorb the economic construction experience of western countries
D. initiated and implemented a highly centralized planned economic system.
No problem. Explanation:
We must start with Stalin's autocracy.
During Stalin's coming to power (1928~ 1953 died)
Authoritarian rule is quite ... authoritarian:
Culture, a highly unified cultural autocracy
Economically, it implements a single public ownership, a highly centralized economic management system, a mandatory planned economy that excludes the market, and manages the economy by administrative means.
Politics, autocracy, seriously undermining democracy and the legal system.
External: arms race, hegemony, cold war (1947~ 199 1)
Wooden plows represent agriculture, and nuclear weapons emphasize industry. The transformation of the Soviet Union from a backward agricultural country to a heavy industrial country is not unrelated to the highly centralized planned economic system (Stalin system).
High concentration means that the wealth and strength of the whole country are concentrated in the hands of a few people. Then the will of this "minority" (Stalin) is the will of the country. In addition, in order to consolidate his rule, Stalin engaged in a cult of personality (equivalent to the cult of personality during the Cultural Revolution). Wherever Stalin pointed, there was light ~ hehe. For example, if Obama wants to cut welfare spending, Congress will not agree and can only sulk. But Stalin is different. He wants to engage in heavy industry, so he can help the whole country. Didn't our country also engage in Stalin system in the early days, so the steel output will surpass that of Britain only when it is about to advance.
But this is also the drawback of Stalin's system, and it is also the reason why Stalin's system is rigid. This is a good answer to abc's wrong reasons.
It's too authoritarian. At that time, enterprises were not given autonomy, and the state had the final say on what to produce and how much to produce. Enterprises were not allowed to set their own prices and enter the market. So is agriculture. All the necessities of life are distributed by the state. So workers and peasants have no motivation. Everyone wants to work and eat, just like the people's commune in our country. A mistake.
B must be wrong, otherwise the Stalin system will not become the Stalin model and the Soviet Union will not disintegrate (the root cause is the shortcomings of the Stalin system). What are the disadvantages of Stalin's system? Not participating in the market is against the law of value, and enterprises and workers have no vitality. At that time, most people thought that the market was equal to capital and the plan was equal to society, but they did not regard them as two means to develop the economy. And from Stalin's coming to power to his death, he didn't correct it!
A is wrong ~ socialist countries have always been behind closed doors and denied the market, otherwise there will be a "socialist world economic system" instead of a capitalist world economic system. On the contrary, Roosevelt's New Deal and the post-war adjustment of the economic system in western countries show that western countries have absorbed the experience of the Soviet Union, abandoned liberal ideas, and the government intervened in economic life, creating a national capitalist economy.
I hope it helps you.