1. Laozi:

(1) Life story:

Laozi, whose surname is Li, whose name is Er, whose courtesy name is Dan, and whose posthumous title may be Boyang. The Huaxia ethnic group was a native of Qurenli, Li Township, Ku County, Chu State, and lived between 571 and 471 BC. He was a great philosopher and thinker in ancient my country and the founder of the Taoist school. He was regarded as the ancestor of the surname Li by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Laozi is a world cultural celebrity and one of the 100 historical celebrities in the world. The Tao Te Ching (also known as "Laozi") exists in the world. The essence of his works is simple dialectics and advocates doing nothing. His teachings have profound influence on the development of Chinese philosophy. Influence. In Taoism, Lao Tzu is revered as the founder of Taoism. Laozi and later Zhuangzi were both called Laozi and Zhuangzi.

(2), famous sayings:

1. The Tao can be Tao, but it is very Tao. Famous, very famous. The nameless beginning of heaven and earth; the named mother of all things.

2. Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beautiful, but this is evil. Everyone knows that good is good, but this is not good.

3． Existence and non-existence arise from each other, difficulty and ease complement each other, long and short complement each other, high and low complement each other, sound and sound harmonize each other, and front and rear follow each other. Heng Ye.

4. If you do not value the virtuous, the people will not fight; if you do not value rare goods, the people will not steal; if you do not see the desirable, the people will not be confused. Therefore, the rule of the sage is to make his heart weak, his belly strong, his ambition weak, and his bones strong. It often makes people ignorant and desireless. A wise man would not dare to do anything. If you do nothing, everything will be cured.

5. The heaven and the earth are unkind and regard all things as stupid dogs; the saints are unkind and regard the common people as stupid dogs.

6. It is better to keep the center than to talk too much.

7. The God of Grain is immortal and is called the mysterious female. The gate of Xuanfei is called the root of heaven and earth. If it persists, it will not be used diligently.

8. Forever. The reason why heaven and earth can be long-lasting is because they do not generate themselves, so they can live forever. Therefore, the sage follows his body and comes first; his body is outside and his body exists. Isn’t it because of his selflessness? Therefore, it can be done privately.

9． The best is like water. Water is good for all things and does not compete with it. It is disliked by everyone, so it is close to the Tao.

10. Live in a good place, have a good heart, be kind and benevolent, speak good words and have good faith, govern well, do good things and be able to do good things at the right time. The husband does not fight, so there is no need for you.

11． If you hold on to it and make it full, it won't be as good as it is; if you hold on to it and sharpen it, it won't last long. A house full of gold and jade cannot be guarded by anyone; if you are arrogant and rich, you will be blamed for it. After the merits have been restored, this is the way of heaven.

12． Thirty spokes, one hub, if it is not there, it can be used as a car. The 叟埴 is regarded as a utensil, but it should be used as a utensil if it is not there. Cut out the door to make a room, pretend it doesn't exist, and use it as a room if there is one. Therefore, if you have it, you will benefit from it, and if you don’t have it, you will use it.

13. The five colors make one blind; the five tones make one deaf; the five tastes make one's mouth refresh; the pursuit of hunting makes one's heart go crazy; the rare goods hinder one's movement. The sage is his belly and not his eyes, so he goes to that place and takes this one.

14. Favor and disgrace are like shock, honor and great trouble are like one's body.

15． Your Majesty, I don’t know about it; secondly, praise it by being familiar with it; secondly, fear it; thirdly, insult it. If you don't believe it enough, you don't believe it.

16. When the great righteousness fails, there is benevolence and righteousness; when wisdom emerges, there is great hypocrisy; when relatives are at odds, there is filial piety and kindness; when the country is in chaos, there are loyal ministers.

17. If you abandon the sage and wisdom, the people will benefit a hundredfold; if you abandon the benevolent and righteous, the people will return to filial piety and kindness; if you abandon the skillful and profitable, there will be no thieves. These three are considered literary and insufficient. Therefore, the order is to belong to something: see simplicity and embrace simplicity, think less and have few desires, and learn without worries.

18. What people fear, we must not be afraid of.

19. The common people are enlightened, but I am alone and faint. The common people look at me, but I am alone.

20. If it is crooked, it will be complete; if it is wrong, it will be straight; if it is hollow, it will be full; if it is hollow, it will be new; if it is less, it will be more; if it is too much, it will be confusing. [4]

21． Therefore, it is the common practice of the world for a saint to hold one in his arms. It is not self-seeing, so it is clear; it is not self-righteous, so it is manifest; it is not self-cutting, so it is meritorious; it is not self-conscious, so it is long-lasting. My husband does not fight, so no one in the world can fight with him.

22． Hope is natural. Therefore, the wind does not last forever, and the showers last all day.

23. Those who strive for success cannot stand; those who cross cannot achieve; those who see themselves are unclear; those who are self-righteous cannot manifest themselves; those who cut down on themselves have no success; those who are proud of themselves cannot grow.

24. There are things mixed together, born innately on the earth. Silent and desolate, independent without changing, moving around without dying, she can be the mother of heaven and earth. I don't know its name. The word "Qiang" is called Dao, and the name of "Qiang" is Da. The big day is called passing, the passing day is said to be far away, and the far away day is called reverse.

25． Therefore, the Tao is big, the sky is big, the earth is big, and people are also big. There are four major ones in the domain, and humans live in one of them.

26． Man follows the earth, earth follows heaven, heaven follows Tao, and Tao follows nature.

27. Heaviness is the root of lightness, tranquility is the king of impatience. If you are gentle, you will lose your roots; if you are impatient, you will lose your authority.

28. Things grow old when they are strong, which is called immorality, and immorality has already happened.

29． A soldier is an unlucky weapon, something that may be evil, so he who has the right will not be there.

2. Confucius:

(1) Life Story:

Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC ), whose surname is Kong, whose given name is Qiu, and whose courtesy name is Zhongni. His ancestral home is Xiayi, Song State (now Xiayi County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province). He was born in Zouyi, Lu State (now Qufu City, Shandong Province) during the Spring and Autumn Period. A famous great thinker, great educator and politician in China. Confucius created the culture of private lectures and was the founder of Confucianism.

Confucius once studied under Laozi and led some of his disciples to travel around the world for fourteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics, namely "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". According to legend, he had three thousand disciples, including seventy-two sages. After Confucius's death, his disciples and his subsequent disciples recorded the words, deeds, quotes and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled them into the Confucian classic "The Analects of Confucius".

Confucius was revered as the "Sage of Heaven" and the "Muduo of Heaven" in ancient times. He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time, and was respected as the Saint of Confucius and the Holy Saint by the rulers of later generations. , the most holy teacher, the most holy teacher of Dacheng Wenxuan Wang, the teacher of all generations. His Confucianism has a profound influence on China and the world. Confucius is listed as the first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". Confucius is revered as the founder of Confucianism (non-Confucianism). With the expansion of Confucius' influence, worship of Confucius once became a "big sacrifice" on the same level as God and the country's ancestral gods. Apart from Laozi, only Confucius has this honor.

(2) Famous sayings:

· 1. A man with lofty ideals and benevolence will not harm his benevolence by seeking life, but will kill himself to fulfill his benevolence.

· 2. Gentlemen are harmonious but not uniform; villains are harmonious but not harmonious.

· 3. A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always concerned.

· 4. Smart and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions.

· 5. The three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize the will.

· 6. When the year is cold, the pines and cypresses will wither.

· 7. If you learn without thinking, you will be in vain; if you think without learning, you will be in danger.

· 8. Be tireless in learning and teaching.

· 9. The three beneficial friends are: friends who are straightforward, friends who are understanding, and friends who are knowledgeable.

· 10. When three people walk together, there must be a teacher: choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. [1]

· 11. Three friends benefit, and three friends harm you. Friends who are straightforward, understanding, and knowledgeable are beneficial; friends are open, friendly are soft, and friends are sycophantic, which is a loss.

· 12. If jade is not polished, it will not become a tool, and if people do not learn it, they will not know it.

· 13. Learn and then realize your shortcomings; teach and then realize your difficulties. If you know your shortcomings, you can then reflect on yourself; if you know your difficulties, you can then improve yourself.

· 14. Isn’t it true that one should learn and practice from time to time?

· 15. When you see the virtuous, you think about them, and when you see the virtuous, you reflect inwardly.

· 16. I will examine myself three times a day.

· 17. When you see a virtuous person, think about them; when you see a virtuous person, you should reflect on yourself.

· 18. The way is based on virtue, the order is based on etiquette, and there is shame and dignity.

· 19. Use literature to make friends, and friends to help people.

· 20. Zi Gong asked: How does Confucius call it Wen? Confucius said: He is sensitive and eager to learn, and he is not ashamed to ask questions, so he calls it Wen.

· 21. Confucius said: By reviewing the past and learning the new, one can become a teacher.

· 22. The father is watching his ambitions, but the father is not watching his actions. If you have not changed your father's ways for three years, you can be called filial piety

· 23. The Master said: Learn with time When you get used to it, you are not just like a friend coming from afar, you are not surprised that people don’t know it, you are not a gentleman

· 24. When you are young, your blood and energy are not stable, and you are wary of appearance; and When you are strong, your blood and vitality are strong, and you must fight to avoid them. When you are old, your blood and energy have declined, and you must fight to avoid them.

· 25. Don’t show off your anger or make mistakes twice.

· 26. When the year is cold, the pines and cypresses will wither.

· 27. A small impatience will mess up a big plan

· 28. Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you

· 29. The wise are happy with water; The benevolent are happy in the mountains; the wise are active, the benevolent are still; the wise are happy, the benevolent are long-lived.

· 30. A basket of food and a ladle of drink, in a back alley, people cannot bear to worry, and they will not change their happiness even after returning. It is a virtuous person to return home.

· 31. People can be ambitious. Non-Daohong people.

· 32. Isn’t it true that one should learn and practice from time to time? Isn’t it great to have friends from far away? Isn't it a gentleman if a person doesn't know something but doesn't get upset?

· 33. Clever words and charming words, fresh and benevolent!

· 34. The wise enjoy water, and the benevolent enjoy mountains; the wise are active, and the benevolent are still; the wise are happy, and the benevolent live long.