Second volume of the fourth grade: Accumulation over time and ancient poems

Unit 1: Famous lines from ancient poems describing natural scenery

The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun sets over the long river. (Wang Wei)

(From the poem "The Envoy to the Fortress". In the spring of the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Wang Wei was envoyed to the border areas as a supervisory censor and served as a Jiedu judge. This article is Written on the way out of the fortress. The meaning of the poem is: a lone smoke rising up in the desert, a round sunset at the end of the distant river beach, which can be said to describe the vast scenery of the fortress.)

There are a few rows of red-leaf trees and countless sunset mountains. (Wang Shizhen)

(This is a famous line describing the sunset in the great poet Wang Shizhen's "Coming to Tongcheng". The meaning of these two lines of poetry is: The setting sun is setting in the west, and behind a few rows of red-leaf trees are rolling hills. Longmian Mountain. Longmian is like a painting, and the setting sun is outside the mountain.)

The sky is vast with thousands of falling trees, and the moon is clearly visible along the Chengjiang River. (Huang Tingjian)

(From the poem "Deng Kuai Pavilion". The poem describes the seasons and the surrounding environment: leaves are falling on the mountains, and the sky looks far and wide due to the height of autumn. The river water is also clearer, Under the glow of the evening moonlight, the river is like a white line. This is a picture of a high and clear autumn river at dusk)

The floating sky brings endless trees, and rain clouds bury half of the mountain. (Xin Qiji)

(This sentence comes from the word "Partridge Sky". The two sentences of the word probably describe the scene people see on the boat: the water is wide and far, and it is connected with the sky. Sitting on the boat, I saw the endless trees on the shore drifting away with the current, as if they were being carried away by the current. On the mountains in the distance, the clouds and mist filled the mountains, and half of the mountains were covered.)

< p>The spring river tide reaches the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide. (Zhang Ruoxu)

(From "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night". The meaning of these two sentences is: the river rises and the spring tide rises, the water surface is flush with the sea, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide. Rising. )

Unit 2: Quotes about honesty and trustworthiness

Be true to your words and be resolute in your actions. "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu"

(Meaning: You must keep your word when you speak, and you must be bold in doing things.)

When making friends, keep your word. "The Analects of Confucius·Xueer"

(Meaning: Since you have promised others, you should try your best to achieve it.)

Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. people. "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan"

(Meaning: Don't force others to do what you don't want to do.)

With sincerity, gold and stone can be opened. "Book of the Later Han·The Biography of Guangling Si Wang Jing"

(Meaning: If you are sincere, even hard things like gold and stone will be moved. It is a metaphor for doing things with a sincere heart, and any difficulty can be overcome.)

Those who love others will always be loved by others; those who respect others will always be respected by others. "Mencius·Li Louxia"

(Meaning: Those who love others will always be loved by others; those who respect others will always be respected by others.)

Laowu The old is related to the oldness of others; the young and the young are related to the youngness of others. "Mencius, King Hui of Liang, Part 1"

(Meaning: Respecting the elders in one's own family extends to respecting the elders in other people's families; caring for the children in one's own family extends to caring for the children in other people's families.)

Unit 3: Agricultural Proverbs

Before and after the Qingming Festival, plant melons and beans.

If you don’t go out in the morning glow, the sunset travels thousands of miles.

There are fish scales in the sky, and there is no need to turn over the grain to dry it.

The chickens stay late, the ducks crow happily, and the wind and rain will come soon.

Ants moving snakes across the aisle, there will be heavy rain tomorrow.

There is fog and wind in spring, clear fog in summer, overcast fog in autumn, and fog and snow in winter.

(Proverbs are the essence of widely spread folk oral language. Here are six agricultural proverbs. "Before and after the Qingming Festival, plant melons and beans" is related to the farming season, and the remaining sentences are related to the farming season. Meteorologically related. Agricultural meteorological proverbs are empirical phrases that can predict future weather changes summarized by working people in their long-term production and life practices. They are mostly spread among the people in the form of concise and popular songs or rhymes, often with regional and regional characteristics. Limitations of seasons. )

Unit 4: Idioms related to war

Know yourself and know the enemy: "Know your enemy and know yourself, and you will never be in danger in a hundred battles." Refers to one's own situation. Have a thorough understanding of the situation of the enemy and the enemy.

Victorious in every battle: able to win many battles, describing being good at fighting and invincible.

Planning strategies: "The Book of Han·Gaodi". ""Liu Bang said: I am strategizing and winning from thousands of miles away, but I am not as good as Zifang (Zhang Liang). "It is later said that the battle strategy is decided in the rear.

Victory thousands of miles away: the final victory or defeat can be decided thousands of miles away, which is a metaphor for superior wisdom.

Suddenly: taking advantage of the opponent's surprise ( Take action).

Attack when the enemy is unprepared.

Besiege Wei and rescue Zhao: In 353 BC, the State of Wei sent Tian Ji to lead his army. Rescue Zhao. Tian Ji used military advisor Sun Bin's strategy to take advantage of Wei's internal emptiness and lead troops to attack Wei. The Wei army returned to save the country. The Qi army took advantage of its exhaustion and defeated the Wei army in Guiling (now Heze, Shandong). Later, Zhao was relieved. "Surrounding Wei and rescuing Zhao" is used to refer to similar combat methods.

To attack in the east and attack in the west: A military tactic used to achieve surprise and mislead the opponent, that is, to attack this side on the surface or verbally, but actually attack that side.

Besieged on all sides: "Historical Records: The Chronicle of Xiang Yu" records that Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, was besieged by Liu Bang in Gaixia. "Hearing at night that the Han army was besieged on all sides, King Xiang was shocked and said: 'All the Han are already in trouble.' ? How many people are there in Chu?" Later, it was used to describe the situation of being isolated and surrounded by enemies.

Be attacked from both front and back: be attacked by enemies from both front and rear.

Every plant and tree is like a soldier. It describes that when people are extremely frightened, they become nervous, have delusions, and become very nervous at the slightest movement.

The sound of wind and cranes: describing being panicked or disturbing oneself.

Speed ??is the most important thing when using troops: The most important thing when using troops is to move very quickly.

Sudden attack: describes taking advantage of someone's surprise and attacking by surprise.

Ethereal and invisible: It is a metaphor for changing cleverly and quickly, or appearing and disappearing for a while, which is difficult to grasp. It mostly refers to using troops to win by surprise, leaving the enemy confused.

Invincible: Refers to the place where the army and others are pointing, and there is no invincible opponent.

Unit 5: Famous quotes about life insights

Human life is limited, but serving the people is unlimited. I want to devote my limited life to unlimited service to the people. (Lei Feng)

I have always held the belief throughout my life that the meaning of life lies in giving, not in receiving, nor in fighting for. (Ba Jin)

For me, the meaning of life is to put myself in other people’s shoes, worry about other people’s worries, and enjoy other people’s happiness. (Einstein)

Unit 6: Poems about the pastoral countryside

Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain.

(This sentence comes from Tao Yuanming's "Drinking", which means: picking wild chrysanthemums near Dongli and admiring Zhongnan Mountain leisurely.)

People are idle, osmanthus flowers are falling, and the night is quiet in the spring sky. .

(This sentence comes from Wang Wei's "Bird Song Stream", which means: Osmanthus flowers fall in the sparsely populated mountains, and the spring mountains are empty in the silent night.)

Peach blossoms outside the bamboo. Branch, the duck prophet of spring river water warmth.

(This sentence comes from Su Shi's "Evening Scene on the Spring River in Huichong", which means: the peach blossoms outside the bamboo forest have bloomed, the river has warmed up in spring, and the ducks playing on the water are the first to know.)

It rains everywhere during the yellow plum season, and frogs are everywhere in the grassy ponds.

(This sentence comes from Zhao Shixiu's "Yo Ke", which means: On a night of continuous rainy rain, there were frogs croaking from the village pond.)

Rice beams at the foot of Ehu Mountain Fat, pigs and chickens perch with half-open doors.

(This sentence comes from Wang Jia's "She Ri", which means: The crops are growing fat at the foot of Ehu Mountain, the pigs are in the pens, the chickens are in the coops, and the doors are half closed.)

Du When I walked out the front door and looked at the wild fields, the moon was bright and the buckwheat flowers were like snow.

(This sentence comes from Bai Juyi's "Village Night", which means: I walked to the door and looked at the fields in the wild. The moonlight was shining brightly, and the buckwheat flowers were like white snow.)

No. Unit 7: Idioms describing people’s spirit and will

Ambition: lofty ideals, ambitions and grand aspirations. Describe extraordinary ambition.

Unswerving: Stable and strong, unwavering.

Perseverance: Describes firm belief, tenacious will, and unshakability.

Continuous self-improvement: Consciously work hard and never give up.

Gathering sand into a tower: a metaphor for accumulating a little to make a lot.

Gathering the armpits into fur means that although the fur under the fox’s armpits is small, it can be made into a fur coat when gathered together. Metaphorically, a little makes a lot.

Persistence: stick to it for a long time.

Go all out: Put all your strength into it.

Advance despite difficulties: Knowing the difficulties, but dare to move forward. Face the difficulties.

Indestructible: Describes that the power is very strong, and there is nothing solid that cannot be destroyed.

Retreat when faced with difficulties: It generally refers to retreating when you see an unfavorable situation during combat. Now it means choosing to quit when you know that the difficulty of the problem is beyond your ability to overcome.

Mediocre and mediocre, doing nothing.

Exposure to Ten Colds: The original meaning is that even the easiest plants to grow cannot grow if they are exposed to the sun for one day and freeze for ten days. It is a metaphor for studying or working hard at one moment and lazy at the other, without perseverance.

Advance one inch and retreat one foot: move forward one inch and retreat one foot. It means that you get less but lose more, that is, the gain outweighs the loss.

There is a beginning but no end: there is a beginning but no end. It means not doing something to the end.

Half-way: stopped halfway. It is a metaphor for stopping a career before it is completed, and not starting well and ending well.

1. Compliments: Ambition, perseverance, perseverance, self-improvement, gathering strength into a tower, perseverance, going all out to advance despite difficulties

Invincible

2. Derogatory meaning: to retreat when faced with difficulties, to do nothing, to advance ten steps forward, to retreat with no beginning and no end, to give up halfway

Unit 8: Afterwords

A drop of water can penetrate a stone---not a day's work

< p> (Water droplets can penetrate stones, not just in a day. It is used as a metaphor that as long as you have perseverance and keep working hard, things will succeed.)

Early-blooming red plums --- stand out< /p>

(The red plum that opens first is more prominent and is used as a metaphor for people who dare to innovate and enterprising, or typical events.)

Stones for building walls---coming from behind

(When building a wall, the stones are piled up one by one, with the last stone on top. It is used in the comparison of similar things, the later ones are stronger than the earlier ones, and generally refers to the later generations surpassing the previous ones.)

Guan Yu lost Jingzhou---a arrogant soldier will be defeated

(The reason Guan Yu lost Jingzhou was that he was too proud. It is used as a metaphor for people's prideful attitude in doing things, which often leads to failure.)

< p>Wang Xizhi's writing---three-thirds penetration into the wood

(According to legend, when Wang Xizhi was writing on a wooden board during the Jin Dynasty, the ink penetrated three-thirds of the way into the wood. The original description of calligraphy was extremely powerful, and now it is mostly used as a metaphor for insights, discussion, and analysis. , the portrayal is very profound)

Zhou Yu beats Huang Gai--one is willing to beat, the other is willing to endure

(Zhou Yu is willing to beat, Huang Gai is willing to endure, now it is mostly used between two parties. , one party wants to do something, the other party supports or takes responsibility, and cooperates with each other.

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