Also translated as "perspectivism". It is an important trend of philosophical methodology that is popular in the contemporary West, and is also an important part of the postmodern trend of thought. V. Decumbe, the author of "Modern French Philosophy", once said: "The entire 1960s declared that they believed in perspectivism."
According to the definition of "Fontaine Dictionary of Modern Thoughts", perspective in philosophy Doctrine "believes that there are multiple alternative and different conceptual systems or hypothesis systems, each of which can explain the world, because there is no authoritative and objective selection method." That is, there are many ways to think about things, "each of which leads to a different perspective." Although perspectivalism is always in flux and takes various forms (moderate, radical, and popular), many views often contradict each other; although perspectivalists generally resist giving a normative definition of perspectivalism, However, it is not difficult to find the fundamental methodological characteristics of perspectivism, which is the abandonment of a fixed point of view and the advocacy of plurality and multi-faceted perspectives. All believers in perspectivalism insist that reality can only be understood through the plurality of explanations. In other words, the explanation of the real world cannot be unidimensional and one-dimensional, but should be pluralistic, multi-dimensional, Ambiguous and multi-perspective.
The first step in the operation of perspectivism is to destroy "objective thinking". Reducing objects to "objects of perspective", reducing existence to "existence for me", and further, equating existence with this article, reducing things to meaning. On this basis, it emphasizes the "ambiguity" and "plurality" of the world.
On the basis of completing the equation of "existence = existence for me = perspective", perspectivalism emphasizes "the ambiguity of the world" and the imperfection of the world. Adopt an attitude of denial towards the pure concept of "given", which denies both absolute truth and absolute existence. In the view of perspectivalists, the world is incomplete because the subject who perceives is always conditional, so the view of the world can never be comprehensive and unified.
The third step in the perspectivalist operation is to emphasize the multifaceted perspective, the multiplicity of meanings, and the plurality of explanations. This is actually the inevitable result of the first two steps. Because it is the plurality of the world (this article) and the multiplicity of subjects that determine the plurality of explanations and multifaceted perspectives.
Nietzsche, who is respected as a theoretical pioneer by perspectivalists, once emphasized that the world "has countless meanings" and said that this is "perspectivism".
Perspectivalists resolutely oppose the self-containment and rigidity of perspective. In Barthes' view, the structuralism they advocate is also a special form of understanding the world, which will change with the world.
Perspectivalism’s rejection of the only transcendent existence and the absolute truth that encompasses and explains everything is to leave room for “pluralistic worlds” and “pluralistic truths.” In other words, perspectivalism multiplexes the world. Perspectivalists believe that this is exactly what they do: proposing the richness of existence without merging it with thought. Perspectivalism aims to encourage people to propose various different theories, that is, "dissident theories", and aims to encourage the proliferation and reproduction of theories. It is believed that multiple perspectives and dimensions can help people understand the world more comprehensively and profoundly, and at the same time avoid dogmatism and dogmatism.