2. Don't simply repeat the information already in the title.
3. Rigorous structure, concise expression and exact semantics. What to write first, then what to write, should be arranged in logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Use long sentences with caution and keep them as simple as possible. Every sentence should be clear, and there should be no vague, general or vague words, but the abstract is a complete essay after all, and telegraph writing is not enough. The abstract is not segmented.
4. Use the third person. It is suggested that the description methods such as "research …", "report …" and "investigation …" should be used to indicate the nature and theme of the literature at one time, instead of "this article" and "author" as subjects.
5. Use standard terms, and do not disclose symbols and terms. If there are new terms or no suitable Chinese terms, you can indicate the original text in brackets or after translation.
6. In addition to being really inflexible, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are generally not used, and there are no illustrations and tables.
7. There is no need to quote unless the document confirms or denies the published works of others.
8. Abbreviations, abbreviations and codes must be explained when they first appear, except those that can be clearly understood by readers of adjacent majors. Other matters that should be paid attention to when writing scientific papers, such as adopting legal units of measurement, using language and punctuation correctly, are also applicable to the preparation of abstracts. The main problems in the compilation are: incomplete elements, or lack of purpose, or lack of methods; Citation is not independent and self-evident; Improper simplification.
9. The writing of the abstract of a paper usually begins when the whole paper is nearing completion, so as to include all the contents. However, you can also write it in advance and then make appropriate changes according to the progress of the research. When writing a paper abstract, you should pay attention to the following matters:
10, organize your materials to provide the most information in the smallest space.
1 1. Use simple and direct sentences. Avoid using idioms, common sayings or unnecessary technical terms.
12, please read it and make comments on its simplicity and completeness.
13, delete meaningless or unnecessary words. But don't go too far and delete the right words too much. For example, in English, you should not delete necessary articles, such as "an".
14, use abbreviations as little as possible. There are many cases in English, and the unit of measurement should be standardized. Special abbreviations should be defined separately when used.
15. Don't put the data not mentioned in the article in the abstract.
16. Don't put unimportant statements in the abstract to expand the layout. Even if the abstract can only be summarized in one or two sentences, let it remain like this. Don't gild the lily
17, don't list all the data in the paper, just list the average and standard deviation or other statistical indicators as the most important one.
18, don't put pictures or tables in the abstract, try to describe it in words.