Afghanistan has a continental climate with four distinct seasons and a large temperature difference between day and night. It is dry and rainy all year round, with large annual temperature difference and daily temperature difference. It is very cold in winter, and the lowest temperature in the north and northeast is below MINUS 3℃.

It is extremely hot in summer, and the highest temperature in the eastern city of Jalalabad can reach 49℃. The national average annual rainfall is only 24mm. Kabul, the capital, has a pleasant climate with four distinct seasons, and the annual average temperature is about 13℃.

Afghanistan is mountainous, with plateaus and mountains accounting for 4/5 of the country's total area, with plains in the north and southwest and deserts in the southwest. The average altitude is 1 meters. The largest Hindu Kush mountain range in Afghanistan runs obliquely from northeast to southwest.

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Afghanistan is rich in mineral resources, but it is basically undeveloped. It is estimated that Afghanistan's energy and mineral resources are worth more than $3 trillion. By 214, more than 1,4 mineral deposits have been discovered, including iron, complex iron, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, lithium, beryllium, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, talc, marble, barite, precious stones and semi-precious stones, salt, coal, uranium, oil and natural gas.

The famous mineral deposits include Hajjiake iron mine, Ainake copper mine, Bamiyan coal mine, Herat lithium mine, Amda Leah oil and gas field, Afghan-Tajik basin oil and gas field, etc. Natural gas reserves are about 15 billion cubic meters, and coal reserves are about 1 million tons.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Islamic Republic of Afghanistan