Nietzsche said.

From Nietzsche's "The Birth of Tragedy"

Nietzsche stated in "The Birth of Tragedy":

"Even if life is a dream, we must have Dream this dream with flavor, and don’t lose the passion and fun of the dream; even if life is a tragedy, we must act out the tragedy vividly, and don’t lose the magnificence and comfort of the tragedy.”

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In Nietzsche’s view, only the aesthetic life is the life that truly overcomes the tragedy of life. Aesthetic life first regards life and its tragedy as an aesthetic phenomenon. On the basis of treating life as an aesthetic phenomenon, we should laugh at all tragedies in life. At the same time, the aesthetic life of overcoming the tragedy of life with the Dionysian spirit is still a drunken life. It emphasizes that in the intoxication of Dionysian art, through the improvement of life power, one directly faces the pain of eternal reincarnation, thereby achieving the beautification of life itself. and joy.

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 - August 25, 1900)

A famous German philosopher. The founder of modern Western philosophy, he was also an outstanding poet and essayist. He was the first to criticize modern Western society. However, his theory did not attract people's attention in his time. It was not until the 20th century that it aroused far-reaching echoes with different tones. Later philosophy of life, existentialism, Freudianism, and postmodernism all responded to Nietzsche's philosophical thoughts in their own forms.

About "The Birth of Tragedy"

"The Birth of Tragedy" is the first relatively systematic aesthetic and philosophical work by the modern German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844-1900, written in 1870-1871 The birthplace of his philosophy, it is a work worthy of attention. For the Chinese translation of this book, see "The Birth of Tragedy", translated by Zhou Guoping, 1986 edition of Sanlian Bookstore.

This book has 25 sections. Sections 1 to 15 discuss the origin and development of ancient Greek art, the birth of tragedy, the main characteristics of tragedy, and the demise of tragedy. The main contents of Sections 16 to 25 are: combined with the development of modern literature, art and culture, especially the reality of modern German art and society, the relationship between tragedy and musical art forms, the regeneration of tragedy, and the role of tragedy in The role of the German nation in regeneration, and other issues.

Two basic concepts used throughout this book are Apollonian and Dionysian. Apollo, the god of light, is the god of light. In his brilliance, all things show their beautiful appearance; Dionysus symbolizes the indulgence of lust, a state of madness intertwined with pain and revelry. Nietzsche used the symbols of Apollo and Dionysus to explain the origin and development of ancient Greek art and the meaning of life. Plastic arts such as poetry and sculpture were produced by Apollo, and musical art was produced by Dionysian impulse. Life is in a state of pain and misery, and Apollinian art covers up this state, giving it a beautiful appearance so that people can live. This is how Greek mythology came into being. The Dionysian impulse truly reveals the tragic reality of life, reveals the foundation of Apollonian art, and enables individuals to return to the true nature of the world in pain and death.

Nietzsche believed that ancient Greek art originated from Apollinian impulse and Dionysian impulse. Tragedy arises from the combination of the two. Tragedy is the Dionysian chorus that moves continually toward the world of Apollonian images. In tragedy, on the one hand, there is the choral lyricism of Dionysus, and on the other hand, there is the stage dream of Apollo. But Dionysus is the basis and foundation of tragedy. When the ancient Greek tragedian Euripides tried to base tragedy on Apollo, tragedy came to an end.

Nietzsche’s tragic worldview emphasizes that only in the Dionysian state can people realize the destruction of individual life and the indestructibility of overall life, which produces a sense of pleasure and metaphysical comfort. The attitude towards life reflected in tragedy is a non-scientific and non-utilitarian attitude towards life. Nietzsche violently criticized the Western rationalist, scientific and utilitarian outlook on life since Socrates. To think of them is a form of shallow optimism. They can only cause human beings to lose the basis of their existence, and human beings can only achieve self-salvation through tragic rebirth.

Nietzsche’s criticism of modern Western culture has certain positive significance. But in general, starting from human instinct, regarding the Dionysian state as the basis of life, this is the basis of its anti-rationalism and the basis of its theory of strong will. When reading, you should think critically about it.