Reduce people and increase efficiency, and optimize the combination. "State-owned enterprises reduce staff and increase efficiency, and the laid-off workers are diverted", a famous saying kicked off the restructuring of state-owned enterprises. The restructuring of state-owned enterprises is a trial-and-error process of "crossing the river by feeling the stones", which is essentially the interaction between productive forces and production relations and objectively meets the needs of China's accession to the World Trade Organization. There are two "changes" in the restructuring of state-owned enterprises, one is the transformation of state-owned enterprises into private enterprises, and the other is the transformation of state employees into flexible employment. The strong seize the opportunity, and the weak miss it. In the process of restructuring state-owned enterprises, a few people get rich and most people lose their jobs.