What are Gongsun Long’s famous quotes?
As a famous philosopher in ancient China, his thoughts played a very important role in the study of logical theory in later generations. Although many of Gongsun Long's works have disappeared from history for some reasons, there are also many classic sayings that have been handed down now. Through these famous quotes, we can also study Gongsun Long's logical thoughts on name rectification.
Collection of Gongsun Long's Masterpieces
Gongsun Long left many famous sayings in his life, the most famous of which is "white horse, white horse, white horse, so white horse is not a horse". This is the origin of the famous white horse in history. In addition, there is "Examine its name and be careful about what it says." This sentence is also a core key to Gongsun Long's thought. Gongsun Long was the first person in the history of Chinese philosophy to propose logical justification, and this sentence started from this aspect. Gongsun Long believes that the relationship between the name and reality of an object must be carefully examined and the name of the object must be carefully defined, that is, it must be "worthy of its name."
There is also a famous saying, "If you don't resist when you are insulted, you will be humiliated." In other words, if you see someone being insulted or bullied, or if you see such unfair behavior, you don't stand up. Resistance is a shameful act. It can be seen that Gongsun Long is also a person with a strong sense of justice and a chivalrous spirit of "crying out injustice". And throughout Gongsun Long's life, we can see that he discouraged war many times and was a relatively peace-loving person.
Regarding how to demonstrate the relationship between name and reality, Gongsun Long also has a saying: "Choose what is right, use what is wrong, and doubt what is right." In other words, it is necessary to check the known correct relationship between name and reality to verify Those unhealthy relationships use the name and reality relationships that are always incorrect to doubt those that are correct. This argumentation method is relatively advanced and has made certain progress.
What does Gongsun Long mean in Zhao Zhi?
Since ancient times, no one is perfect, but no one is useless either. Some of a person's little tricks may seem funny and useless in many situations, but they can actually work. This has been proven in many historical stories, such as the famous story of the rooster and the dog thief. Today, the editor will tell you another such story. This incident happened during the Warring States Period. The protagonist was Gongsun Long, a famous scholar who was very good at talking.
Portrait of Gongsun Long
Gongsun Long is a famous thinker in the world. He was respected by many people at that time, so many people wanted to learn from him and become a teacher. Once, Gongsun Long wanted to study in Zhao State, and all his disciples wanted to follow him. Gongsun Long said: "I cannot persuade the world as a talentless person." At this time, a man in plain clothes came to see Gongsun Long. He said: "I am very good at shouting." Gongsun Long said to his subordinates: "Is there anyone under my disciples who can shout?" Everyone answered no, so Gongsun Long accepted him as his disciple.
A few days later, Gongsun Long went to Yan State to persuade the King of Yan. When they reached a river, but the boat was on the other side of the river, Gongsun Long called this "good-tempered man" out. The man shouted from the other side of the river that the boat was coming, and Gongsun Long and others were able to cross the river. This story once again tells us that his technology can play a role that ordinary people cannot imagine, even if it is sometimes meaningless. Therefore, even if a saint is alive, he will not refuse to make friends with capable people.
The influence of Gongsun Long's "White Horse" on later generations
Gongsun Long, a very famous philosopher during the Warring States Period, put forward a very classic argument, that is, "a white horse is not a horse." Based on his many years of research, he put forward the view that "a white horse is not a horse", which means that a white horse is not a horse. Many of you here may be confused. A white horse is not a horse. How is this possible?
Gongsun White Horse Pegasus
First of all, from a dialectical perspective, Gongsun Long’s argument is about the identity and difference of matter. He discussed the relationship between "individual" and "general" in logic, cut off the connection between the two, and exaggerated the difference between the two, forming such a metaphysical thought. This view is actually correct from a certain perspective, and Gongsun Long is not wrong. It's just a common expression in set theory. According to Gongsun Long, the white horse is the individual, the horse is the overall situation, the horse is the horse, and the white is the additional attribute of the horse. So the general situation that the white horse is not a horse leads to the conclusion that the white horse is not a horse.
Maybe the friends above don’t quite understand, so from a mathematical point of view, there are actually two sets, one is the white horse, and the other is the horse. The two sets are naturally different. The white horse set is not a horse set, so it can be concluded that the white horse is not a horse. But the white horse set is included in the horse set, so it can be said that the white horse is a horse. This view cannot be completely wrong, but Gongsun Long subjectively ignored the intrinsic connection between the horse and the white horse, and simply exaggerated the difference between subject and predicate in a proposition. Regarding this sentence, Teacher Gu Long once said this sentence. I personally think it is easy to understand, that is, "Girlfriends are not friends.
”