1. Adou who cannot be helped

Liu Chan relied too much on his ministers.

As the "second ancestor" of the Shu Han Dynasty, Liu Chan has always been called "Adou the Unable to Support" by later generations. This is not only because the Shu Han Dynasty perished in his hands, but also because he left behind the most famous The famous saying of the country's subjugation is "I don't want to miss Shu". As a result, later generations denounced him as "a foolish king who lost his country and a mediocre man who lost his country." Why Liu Chan lived a life of confusion and contentment is inseparable from his dependent personality.

2. Changes in Tumubao

Zhu Qizhen relied too much on Wang Zhen.

The Tumu Fort incident was caused by the fact that the then emperor Ming Yingzong, Zhu Qizhen, relied on his enlightenment teacher, the eunuch Wang Zhen, since he was a child. Zhu Qizhen ascended the throne at a young age and was always led by Wang Zhen. He relied heavily on Wang Zhen and obeyed his words. But Wang Zhen is a very ambitious, greedy and incompetent guy.

Later, Wang Zhen provoked a war between the grassland nation Oara and the Ming Dynasty. In order to gain military power and go down in history, Wang Zhen encouraged Emperor Zhu Qizhen to lead all the elite military commanders in the expedition. As a result, the army of hundreds of thousands was destroyed without even entering the battlefield due to Wang Zhen's blind command. All the elite weapons accumulated by the Ming Dynasty for decades were snatched away by Oala. Emperor Zhu Qizhen was captured by Oala, and many of the accompanying imperial officials The official died.

After Zhu Qizhen became a prisoner, the courtiers who stayed in the capital deposed Zhu Qizhen's throne and changed it to the Supreme Emperor in order to prevent Emperor Walai from threatening the Ming Dynasty. They also supported Zhu Qizhen in Beijing. His younger brother Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne as emperor.

3. National Protection Movement, Legal Protection Movement, and Second Legal Protection Movement

Sun Yat-sen relied too much on the power of warlords without his own army, which ultimately led to failure.

4. Reform Movement of 1898

The reformers relied too much on Emperor Guangxu, who had no real power.

The Reform Movement of 1898 was implemented on June 11, 1898. Its main contents include: reforming government agencies, eliminating redundant officials, and appointing reformers; encouraging private companies to set up industrial and mining enterprises; opening new schools to attract talents, translating Western books, and spreading new ideas; establishing newspapers and periodicals, opening up speech; training a new army and navy. At the same time, it stipulates that, The eight-legged essay was abolished in the imperial examination, and redundant yamen and useless official positions were abolished.

However, the reform was strongly resisted and opposed because it harmed the interests of the conservative faction headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. On September 21, 1898, Empress Dowager Cixi and others launched the Reform Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to France and Japan respectively, and Tan Siping and the Six Reform Movement of 1898 were killed. The 103-day reform failed.

5. Northern Expedition

The Communist Party relied too much on the Kuomintang.

The Northern Expedition was a unification war launched from 1926 to 1928 by the National Government under the leadership of the Chinese Kuomintang, with the National Revolutionary Army as the main force, and Chiang Kai-shek as the commander-in-chief.

On July 9, 1926, the National Government established the National Revolutionary Army and launched troops from Guangdong. After successively conquering Changsha, Wuhan, Nanjing, Shanghai and other places, the National Government internally began to express its opposition to the Communist Party of China. There was a split due to different attitudes. Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-shek broke up, and the Northern Expedition came to a standstill.

After the merger of Ninghan and Han, the National Revolutionary Army continued the Northern Expedition, and with the participation of Feng Yuxiang from the northwest and Yan Xishan from Shanxi, they captured Beijing in 1928, causing Zhang Zuolin of the Beiyang Faction to withdraw to the northeast and be assassinated by the Japanese. In Huanggutun, his son Zhang Xueliang announced the change of banner in Northeast China.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Tumu Fort Incident

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