These are the test points:

1. "Journey to the West"

1. Background of the famous book: Author Wu Chengen, courtesy name Ruzhong, No. Sheyang Jushi, Ming Dynasty Famous novelist. "Journey to the West" was written in the Ming Dynasty and was listed as one of the four great wonders of the Ming Dynasty. It is still one of the four classical masterpieces in my country.

2. Central idea: This book only describes the stories of Sun Wukong causing trouble in the Heavenly Palace, the birth of Monk Tang, and the four masters and apprentices going to the West to learn Buddhist scriptures. It praises the four masters and apprentices, led by Sun Wukong, for their fearlessness and perseverance. valuable spirit.

3. Writing characteristics: 1. This novel is good at telling stories and is highly readable.

2. It is good at shaping the image of the mission. The characters such as Sun Wukong and Zhu Bajie created by it are unforgettable.

3. The whole book is full of wild imagination and bold and strange exaggerations.

4. Character:

Sun Wukong: Unruly, daring, brave and witty, clear about love and hate, hate and hate as much as enemies, upright and selfless, chivalrous, fearless, dare Fight against oppression.

Zhu Bajie: On the one hand, he is lazy, short-sighted, fond of gossiping, playing tricks, talking, taking advantage, and lusting after women; on the other hand, he is loyal, brave, kind, brave in fighting, and able to correct his mistakes when he recognizes them. , honest and honest.

Sha Seng: Loyal and sincere, hard-working and uncomplaining.

Tang Monk: Believe in Buddhism, strictly abide by the precepts, have clear goals, firm stance, and courageous spirit that is indestructible; but sometimes there is no distinction between good and bad, good and bad.

Skin monkey? Foolish pig? Strict teacher? Loyal monk - An analysis of the characters of Tang Monk and his disciples in "Journey to the West"

Representative stories: Havoc in the Heavenly Palace, Three Beatings of Bone Demons, Outsmarting Red Boy, San borrowed the banana fan.

5. Reading experience: It is never easy to accomplish any big thing. If you want to succeed, you must put in hard work and dedication. People must go through hardships to ultimately achieve happiness and success.

2. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" (no major characters...)

1. Background of the famous book: The author Luo Guanzhong, also known as Huhai Sanren, was a famous novelist and opera writer in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Jia is the originator of Chinese chapter novels. This book is the first chapter-length novel in ancient China and a classic work of historical romance. It was written in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and is one of the four great classics in my country.

2. Main content: The novel describes the contradictions and struggles between the three political and military groups of Wei, Shu and Wu headed by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan in the 3rd century.

3. Exercise: 1. The embodiment of loyalty in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is Guan Yu. The things we know about his loyalty, righteousness, courage, strategy and pride are:

Riding alone for thousands of miles, Huarong defended Cao Cao, passed five passes and killed six generals, flooded seven armies, and defeated Maicheng.

2. The incarnation of the wise man in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is undoubtedly the military counselor Zhuge Liang. Before he was born, he knew the affairs of three parts of the world. The book records many well-known deeds about him, such as Huo Shao Bo Wangpo, captured Meng Huo seven times, came out of Qishan six times, defeated Sima Yi out of an empty city, killed Ma Su with tears, etc.

3. The three sworn brothers in Taoyuan in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are Liu Bei, who wields the double sword, Zhang Fei, who wields the eight-foot-long snake spear, and Guan Yu, who wields the Qinglong Yanyue Sword.

4. "The rolling waters of the Yangtze River pass eastward, and the waves wash away the heroes. Right and wrong, success and failure are all gone. The green mountains are still there, and the sunset is red several times..." This is the opening chapter of the Chinese classic literary masterpiece "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" word.

5. Write two idioms or sayings related to the story of the "Three Kingdoms":

Like a fish in water, visiting the thatched cottage three times, working hard.

6. Zhuge Liang is the main character in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Please write the names of the two stories about Zhuge Liang in the novel. For example: chatting with Confucian scholars, visiting the thatched cottage three times, and leaving Qishan Mountain six times.

7. Combined with "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", tell a famous example of Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu jointly commanding a battle in which fewer people defeated more, which was the Battle of Chibi, and then tell the reason why Zhuge Liang killed Ma Su in tears because he lost his way. Pavilion matter.

8. "I reluctantly took refuge in the tiger's den for a while, and told the truth that the hero was frightened. The skillful general heard the thunder and covered it up, and he was as trusting as a god in adapting to the situation." This poem talks about the relationship between Liu Bei and Cao Cao in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" A story. This story is "Green Plum Boils Wine and Discussing Heroes". (2002 Heilongjiang High School Entrance Examination Questions)

9. Zhuge Liang is the main character in the novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Please write the name of a story about Zhuge Liang in the novel. Empty City Strategy

10. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" created the image of a hero who passed five levels, killed six generals, and rode alone for thousands of miles. This hero is Guan Yunchang. Please write another name about his story in the most concise language: Going to the Meeting Alone. (2000 Jilin City High School Entrance Examination Questions)

11. The following couplet summarizes Zhuge Liang’s life achievements. Referring to the examples, choose two of the six items listed and write down what they mean.

Collect Erchuan, arrange eight formations, six out and seven captures, in front of the five-foot plain, light forty-nine lanterns, just to reward the three visits.

Take Western Shu, determine the southern barbarians, reject the east and the north, and change the golden, wood, earth, and Yao divine hexagrams in the central army tent, and the water surface can be attacked with fire.

(Example) Three visits: Three visits to the thatched cottage

Six departures: (Six departures from Qishan) Seven captures: (Seven captures of Meng Huo) Collecting two rivers: (Collecting Dongchuan and Xichuan)

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Dong He: (East and Sun Quan) Bei Reject: (Bei Reject Cao Cao) Pai Ba Zhen: (Deploy the Eight Diagrams Formation)

Repay Three Visits: (Repay Liu Bei for his kindness in knowing and finding a way out by visiting the thatched cottage three times) Taking Western Shu: (Conquering Western Shu)

Ding Nanman: (Suppressing the Southern Rebellion) Attacking with Fire: (Referring to the Battle of Chibi) (2002 Beijing Haidian District High School Entrance Examination Questions)

3. "Biography of Celebrities"

1. Background of the famous book: The author Romain Rolland is a famous French writer in the first half of the 20th century. In 1915, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his novel "Johan Christophe" and was a world-famous anti-war activist. "Celebrity Biography" is the general name of "Beethoven Biography", "Michelangelo Biography" and "Tolstoy Biography".

2. Central idea: This book describes the suffering and troubled lives of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy, and praises their noble character and tenacious fighting spirit. (They faced the misfortune of family life and social rejection and carried out an unyielding struggle. Real suffering made them face life, and the struggle against suffering created their greatness.)

3. Characters Image and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Beethoven (1770-1827), one of the greatest composers in human history, had outstanding musical talent, fiery rebellious temperament and giant-like personality. Strong character.

Character: Unruly, ordinary and eccentric, unfortunate and lonely, constantly striving for self-improvement, the great god of music, and the image of a persevering giant.

Beethoven's story mainly focuses on "grabbing the throat of fate". Beethoven used his will and an irresistible force to sweep away melancholy thoughts and overcome the dual physical and mental torture.

Michelangelo (1475-1564), an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet during the High Renaissance. The main works include "Bacchus", "Lamentation of Christ", "David", "Moses", "The Bound Slave", "The Dying Slave" and "The Last Judgment". His artistic creations reflected the patriotism and the spirit of struggle for freedom among the citizens at that time, represented the pinnacle of Renaissance art, and were precious heritage in the treasure house of human culture.

Character: Kind, philanthropic, kind, lonely, suspicious, cowardly, perseverant, practical, his family is rich but he is poor, he succumbs to the power of the Pope.

The story of Michelangelo is a tragedy, showing a genius who shed painful blood in order to conquer the world and create an immortal masterpiece. The content is mainly divided into the first part "Fighting", the second part "Abandonment" and the last part "Death".

Tolstoy (1928-1910) was a famous Russian writer, reformer and moral thinker in the 19th century. His main works include "Anna Karenina", "War and Peace" and "Resurrection".

Character: philanthropic, keen, self-improvement, with devout religious views.

The main contents of Tolstoy’s stories are: childhood, Caucasus Chronicles, Cossacks, Sebestoburg Chronicles, love and marriage, melancholy about society, etc. It is the longest of the three stories. It is also the most detailed description of the life of the main character and the things he created.

4. Writing features: A large number of quotations are used to capture the main character traits of the protagonist, making them the soul that dominates the entire article and generating a moving force. It expresses the physical and mental suffering of the protagonists in multiple aspects, their unremitting struggle against infinite suffering, and the passion for life that broke out in the struggle.

The celebrities in "Celebrity Biography" are all world-class art masters. Their lives are rich and colorful, their works are profound and profound, and their influence has endured through the ages. The author firmly grasps the similarities between these three artists in their respective fields, focuses on depicting their long-term suffering in pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, and writes about their noble struggle against fate with touching pen and ink. Courage and the great feeling of bearing the suffering of all mankind.

5. Reading experience: 1. Life will inevitably encounter hardships, and life is not full of flowers and joy.

2. To achieve success, you must overcome various difficulties in real life.

3. To evaluate people, we must look at their quality and value, rather than judging people by their appearance or generalizing.

4. "A Dream of Red Mansions" (not the focus)

1. Background of the famous book: The author Cao Xueqin, whose name is Zhan and whose courtesy name is Mengruan, "A Dream of Red Mansions" is also known as "The Story of the Stone", a full-length novel , one hundred and twenty chapters, written in the Qing Dynasty, is one of the four famous works in my country. The first eighty chapters were written by Cao Xueqin of the Qing Dynasty, and most of the last forty chapters were continued by Gao E.

2. Central idea: The book takes the four major families of Jia, Shi, Wang, and Xue as the background, takes the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main clue, and focuses on describing the rise to decline of the Jia Jiarong and Ning mansions. process. Comprehensively describes the state of human nature and various irreconcilable contradictions in the last days of feudal society.

3. Practice:

1. “One is Langyuan Fairy Flower, and the other is Beautiful Jade Flawless.

If there is no romance, we will meet him again in this life; if there is a romance, how can we end up lying in vain?" This poem reveals the love tragedy of a young man and woman in "A Dream of Red Mansions". Among them, "Langyuan Fairy Flower" refers to The person is Lin Daiyu, and the "beautiful jade is flawless" refers to Jia Baoyu.

2. "When the flowers fade and the flowers fly all over the sky, who will pity the flowers when they fade away?... Once the spring is gone, the beauty will grow old, and the flowers will fall." The two of them died without knowing it! "This poem comes from the hand of Lin Daiyu, a character in "A Dream of Red Mansions". (2003 Ezhou City High School Entrance Examination Question)

3. "When Nuwa was refining stones to mend the sky, there was only one stone left, which was discarded at Wuji Cliff in Dahuang Mountain. At the foot of Qinggeng Peak, he was later brought into the world of mortals by Mang Mang Daoshi and Miao Miao Zhenren, and experienced all the joys and sorrows of separation and reunion." The above plot comes from the Chinese classical literature "A Dream of Red Mansions"

4. A writer once commented on his work "Reading for ten years, adding and deleting five times", the writer's name is Cao Xueqin

5. "Morning Blossoms Picked Up at Dusk"

1. Background of the famous work: Author Lu Xun, Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Lu Xun, whose original name was Zhou Shuren and whose courtesy name was Hencai, was a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. A collection of ten pieces of reminiscence essays written in 1926. The first five were written in Beijing and the last five were written in Xiamen. They were originally published in the bimonthly magazine "Mang Yuan" under the general title "Revisiting Old Things".

2. Main content: "Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening" is Mr. Lu Xun's recollection of different life experiences in his childhood and youth, which vividly shows the customs and social conditions of China at that time.

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3. Stories and Thoughts:

"Dog? Cat? Rat" was triggered by an attack on "gentlemen", mocking the "rumors" they spread, and expressing the "love of cats" He hates the characteristics of "torturing" the weak, "screaming everywhere", and sometimes being "fascinating"; recalling the experience and feelings of a lovely hidden mouse that he rescued in his childhood and being tortured. It shows his sympathy and sympathy for the weak. The hatred of the tyrannical person

"Ah Chang and the Book of Mountains and Seas" recalls the scene of getting along with the nanny Chang Mama when he was a child, describing the eldest mother as kind, simple, superstitious, nagging, and "full of trouble." "Etiquette" character; full of respect and gratitude for her purchase and gift of the long-desired drawing "The Classic of Mountains and Seas". The article uses affectionate language to express the sincere memory of this working woman.

"Twenty-Four Pictures of Filial Piety" starts from the children's books of the time, recalls the feelings of reading "Twenty-Four Pictures of Filial Piety" as a child, and reveals the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety. Stories of filial piety such as "Lai Yu Qin" and "Guo Ju Bury His Son" criticize this type of feudal filial piety for disregarding the lives of children, treating "sickness as fun" and "treating ruthlessness as ethics, slandering the ancients and corrupting future generations." ". The work sharply criticized the tendency of opposing the vernacular and advocating restoration at that time.

"Five Rampant Meeting" describes the eagerness and excitement of childhood to watch the game to welcome the gods, and being forced to recite it by his father The disappointing and painful feeling of "Jian Lue" points out the suppression and destruction of children's nature by forced feudal education.

"Impermanence" describes what he saw in his childhood at the rural god reception and on the drama stage. The image of "Impermanence" shows that "Impermanence", a "ghost but human, rational and emotional", straightforward and fair image, is loved by the people because there is no justice in the world, evil people will not get evil retribution, and "the fair judgment is in the underworld." ". The article combines narrative and discussion with a bitter mockery of "gentlemen" who use the banner of "justice" and "justice".

"From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" describes the fun that children had in the Baicao Garden at home and the boring life of studying in Sanwei Bookstore, revealing children's broad life interests and the feudal book school education that restricts children's nature. The sharp contradiction expresses the reasonable requirement that children should be allowed to grow up healthily and lively.

"Father's Illness" recalls the scene of treating his father's illness as a child, describes the medical attitudes, styles, prescriptions and other manifestations of several "famous doctors", revealing that these people do not distinguish between witch doctors and witch doctors. , the essence of making false claims, extorting money, and looking down on human life.

The above seven works describe fragments of Lu Xun’s life in his hometown during his childhood, showing the human conditions and social scene at that time, and are valuable chapters for understanding the young Lu Xun. The following three works, "Miscellaneous Notes", "Mr. Fujino" and "Fan Ainong", describe Lu Xun's experience after leaving his hometown to study in Nanjing and Japan and returning to China, leaving behind heavy footprints for the young Lu Xun in his pursuit of truth. .

"Miscellaneous Notes" recalls how Lu Xun went to Nanjing to study in order to find "people of another kind". The work describes the various shortcomings and difficulties in seeking knowledge at the Jiangnan Naval School (later renamed Thunder and Lightning School) and the Mining and Railway School at that time, and criticizes the "smoky atmosphere" of the Westernization school. The author describes his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution and how he eagerly read "The Theory of Evolution" despite the objections of his elders, showing his strong desire to explore the truth.

"Mr. Fujino" records the author's study life in Japan, and describes how he was discriminated against and insulted by Japanese students at Sendai Medical College and decided to abandon medicine and pursue literature. The author prominently describes the Japanese teacher Mr. Fujino’s rigorous, upright, enthusiastic, and noble character without national prejudice, saying, “His character is great in my eyes and heart, although his name is not known to many people. ".

Expressing deep remembrance of Mr. Fujino.

"Fan Ainong" narrates several life fragments of the author's contact with Fan Ainong when he was studying in Japan and after returning to China. It describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark society and pursuit of revolution before the revolution, and his subsequent persecution after the Revolution of 1911. The encounter expresses the disappointment of the old democratic revolution and the sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. First of all, some of the prose show the distinct characteristics of narrative and discussion. This type of prose includes "Dogs, Cats and Rats", "Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures", "Impermanence", "Father's Illness", "Miscellaneous Notes", etc. Due to the use of narrative and discussion techniques, most of these articles show obvious characteristics of social criticism and cultural reflection.

2. Be good at grasping the most typical characteristics of events and characters, using the small to see the big, and using the partial to generalize to show the connotation of the event, express the personality characteristics of the characters, and outline the The basic appearance and form of characters and events can leave a very deep impression on readers.

6. "Water Margin"

1. Background of the masterpiece: The author Shi Naian's original name is Yanrui, also named Zhaorui, Hao Zian, and also nicknamed Naian. His ancestral home is Suzhou, Yuan Dynasty. A famous novelist in the late Ming Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. This book was written in the Ming Dynasty.

2. Main content: "Water Margin" is my country's first chapter-length novel that praises the peasant uprising. It vividly describes the entire process of the Liangshan heroes from uprising to prosperity to final failure, especially the By writing about the different life experiences and resistance paths of many reckless heroes, it clearly expresses the theme of "officials forcing the people to rebel". It is a heroic legend of resisting feudal tyranny.

3. Character images and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Lu Zhishen (Hua Monk): punches to suppress Guanxi, uproots weeping willows, causes havoc in the wild boar forest, hates evil as much as hatred, Chivalrous and courageous, coarse and fine, brave and resourceful, open-minded and sensible.

Wu Song (Walker): Bloody Blade Pan Jinlian, Fighting to Kill Ximen Qing, Drunk Beating of Jiang Menshen, Making a Trouble in Feiyunpu, Splattering Blood on Yuanyang Tower, Eliminating Evil in Centipede Ridge, advocating loyalty, bravery and strategy, He is the most bloody and legendary figure among the lower-class heroes.

Wu Yong (Zhi Duo Xing): Outwit the birth chart, resourceful and clever.

Lin Chong (Leopard Head): Breaking into the White Tiger Hall, Fengxue Mountain Temple, Burning the Forage Farm, and Going to Liangshan on a Snowy Night. He is highly skilled in martial arts, brave and resourceful, but he is a law-abiding and well-behaved person, so he was forced to go to Liangshan.

Li Kui (Black Whirlwind): The real and fake Li Kui, the one who robbed the court in Zhongzhou, hates evil as much as his enemies, is heroic and courageous, has a hot temper, is simple-minded, and is straightforward.

Song Jiang (Timely Rain): Freed Chao Gai privately, killed Yan Poxi in anger, and attacked Zhujiazhuang three times. He was a man of justice and good at employing people, but he always wanted to recruit people.

Yang Zhi (green-faced beast): Yang Zhi sells knives and outsmarts birth dates. He is smart, capable, and rough.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. The characters are vivid, vivid and lifelike.

2. This book adopts a chain structure that is divided first and then combined, so that the plots of the novel are interlocking, with numerous clues and clear clues.

3. In terms of language, the novel uses ancient vernacular, so the language descriptions in this book are vivid and vivid.

7. "Camel Xiangzi"

1. Background of the masterpiece: The author Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Yu Sheyu, Manchu, is a famous modern Chinese writer, novelist, and "people's artist" ". "Camel Xiangzi" is a full-length novel.

2. Main content: This book tells the story of Xiangzi, an ordinary rickshaw driver who went through three ups and downs in order to realize his dream of owning his own car. He eventually lost confidence in life and gave up on himself. A story of decadence and downfall.

3. Character images and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Xiangzi: After coming to Beijing from the countryside, he chose to drive a rickshaw. He worked hard to realize his biggest dream - owning a car of his own, but after three attempts and three falls, his hopes were dashed time and time again, and his fight against fate ultimately ended in failure.

Character: honest, strong, persevering, self-respecting, strong-willed, hard-working; numb, down and out, cunning, taking advantage, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling, giving up on oneself.

Huniu: manages the workers of the car factory, boldly pursues Xiangzi, bold and aggressive but a bit perverted.

Liu Si: cruel and domineering

4. Writing characteristics: 1. Through Xiangzi’s changes, he ruthlessly criticized this dark society.

2. The novel shows us a shocking picture of characters and the world with a strong flavor of old Beijing.

3. He is good at using various techniques to shape characters and has strong artistic appeal.

4. Creatively use the spoken language of Beijing citizens to make the popular and simple language vivid, fresh, lively and powerful, full of national style and local characteristics.

5. Reading experience: What kind of society creates what kind of people? In a turbid and dark society, it is very important to have a noble heart. Even if a person has a dream that makes him work hard, it will not work without a firm belief. He will eventually become a member of the scum in society.

8. "Gulliver's Travels"

1. Background of the masterpiece: The author Jonathan Swift was the best British satirist and political commentator in the early 18th century.

2. Main content: This book tells the story of the British ship doctor Gulliver's experience of being exiled to Lilliput, Adult, Flying Island, Horse (Hyhnhnms) and other places due to shipwreck and other reasons.

3. Main plots and corresponding meanings:

A. Describing the partisanship in Lilliput, the Lilliputian country, camps are divided by the height of heels, "high-heeled party" and "high-heeled party" The "low-following party" intrigues and fights for power. In fact, it is a mockery of the two competing political parties in the UK. The story about the Lilliput country's war with its neighboring countries is an allusion to the years of war between Britain and France at that time.

B. In the country of Great Britain, Gulliver’s complacent introduction attracted questions. The country of Great Britain has a primitive system and simple folk customs. They believe that the history of Britain in the past hundred years is full of "greed, party disputes, hypocrisy, and shamelessness." Faith, cruelty, anger, madness, resentment, jealousy, lust, insidiousness and ambition” and their consequences.

C. The third volume of the novel expresses doubts about modern technology through the description of the five countries including the Flying Island Kingdom, and sternly denounces colonial rule.

D. The fourth volume uses an unbridled style to show the grotesque phenomenon of humans and animals being reversed. In this utopian country, the horse is the carrier of reason, while the humanoid animal "Yahu" is an evil and dirty beast. The dialogue between Gulliver and Houyhnhnms becomes a merciless whiplash against "human" society.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. The novel is full of strange imagination and fairy tale color.

2. Pungent, sharp and profound irony is the soul of the novel.

3. The satire of the novel contains some pessimistic views on human nature and human society, but behind the harsh and pessimistic attitude, there is a bitter and eager feeling of worldly concern hidden.

4. The author of the novel uses travel notes and the eyes of outsiders to evaluate the current situation of his country.

9. "Robinson Crusoe"

1. Literary background: The author Defoe is a famous British writer.

2. Main content: This book mainly tells the story of Robinson Crusoe, who was born in a businessman family and ventured out to sea. He was thrown by the waves to an uninhabited island, where he spent 28 years of loneliness. A vivid story of time.

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Robinson: built his own house, tried hunting, planting millet, domesticating goats, and drying raisins in the wild. He fumbled around making tables, chairs, pottery, sifting dough with scarves to make bread, and rescued and trained a savage "Friday", making him his loyal slave. In this way, he established his own material and spiritual "kingdom" on the desert island.

Character: Dare to take risks and pursue a free and unrestrained life. Facing difficulties in life, Robinson's actions show the perseverance and heroic nature of a tough guy, embodying the rise of the bourgeoisie. The creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the period.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. The story is wonderful and bizarre.

2. The novel shows Robinson's character of taking risks and pursuing a free and unrestrained life.

3. The novel’s description of Robinson Crusoe’s life on the desert island is realistic and natural, showing the author’s extraordinary imagination and artistic expression.

4. The novel adopts the first-person narrative method throughout, and the plot is completely connected through the confessions of the characters.

5. The language of the novel is clear, simple and vivid.

5. Reading experience: When facing difficulties and sufferings, as long as a person has a firm belief, an optimistic heart, and a calm mind, he can survive the suffering.

10. "Stars? Spring Water"

1. Background of the famous book: The author Bing Xin, formerly known as Xie Wanying, was born in Changle, Fujian. Her main works include "Stars", "Spring Water", "Send a Little Girl" reader".

"Stars" is a collection of poems, consisting of 164 short poems. Bing Xin believed in the "philosophy of love" throughout her life. She believed that "with love, there is everything." In "Stars", she constantly sang hymns of love.

"Spring Water" is the companion volume to "Stars" and consists of 182 short poems. It was also published first in "Morning News", but "Spring Water" came out three months later than "Stars".

2. Main content: "Spring Water with Stars" was written by Bing Xin under the influence of Rabindranath Tagore's "Birds" in India. It roughly includes three aspects of content: first, the praise of maternal love and innocence; The second is the worship and praise of nature, and the third is the thinking and perception of life.

3. Writing characteristics:

In "Stars", she constantly sang hymns of love. What she is most keen to praise is maternal love. In addition to loving her parents, Bing Xin also values ??the love between brothers and sisters. She loved her three younger brothers. Bing Xin praises maternal love, human love, and childlike innocence. At the same time, she also praises nature, especially the sea that she was familiar with in her childhood. Praising nature, praising childlike innocence, and praising maternal love have become the eternal themes of Bing Xin's life-long creation.

In "Spring Water", although Bing Xin is still praising maternal love, praising family affection, praising childlike innocence, and praising nature, she uses more space to implicitly express herself and her The troubles and anguish of a generation of young intellectuals.

She uses a gentle and slightly sad writing style to describe her inner feelings. At the same time, she is exploring the meaning of life and expressing her desire to understand the true nature of the world.

11. "How Steel Was Tempered"

1. Background of the famous book: The author Ostrovsky is a famous writer in the former Soviet Union.

2. Main content: This book uses the life experience of the protagonist Paul Korchagin as a clue to show the broad historical picture of Soviet Russia from 1915 to around 1930 and the arduous struggle life of the people. .

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Paul Korchagin: worked as a child laborer and suffered torture and humiliation at the lowest level of society since he was a child. Later, under the influence of Zhu Helai, he gradually embarked on the road of revolution. Later, he experienced a series of life challenges and became stronger and stronger. Even when injuries ruthlessly took away his health and forced him to lie in bed, he still did not give in to fate, but wrote with tenacious perseverance and fulfilled his life vows in another way. The spirit of dedication to ideals, the iron will and the noble quality of tenacious struggle.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. This is a novel that shines with lofty idealism.

2. Successfully created the image of Paul Korchakin, a proletarian hero.

3. The novel mainly focuses on narrative and description of characters, and also intersperses inner monologues, letters and diaries, aphorisms, etc. to make the characters flesh and blood.

4. The novel’s scenery description, psychological description, and environmental description are also quite excellent. The language is concise, beautiful, and expressive.

12. "Childhood"

1. Background of the famous book: The author Gorky is a famous writer in the former Soviet Union.

2. Main content: This book vividly reproduces the living conditions of the lower-class working people in Russia in the 1870s and 1980s by telling Alyosha's childhood life from the age of three to ten.

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and character traits:

Alyosha: Listening to my grandmother telling stories, as well as the optimistic and simple little gypsy and the upright old worker Gerry. Gorey and the "good things" of intellectuals dedicated to science all gave Alyosha strength and help, enabling him to maintain the courage and confidence to live in a dark and dirty environment, and gradually grew into a strong, brave man. , upright and loving people.

Grandma: Like a bright light, it illuminated Alyosha’s sensitive and lonely heart. She often told him some folk stories about pity for the poor and weak, and praising justice and light. Kind, kind, smart and capable, loving life, broad-minded, and good at tolerance.

Grandfather: He often beat his grandmother and children severely. For example, Alexey was beaten unconscious because he stained a piece of cloth. He ruthlessly exploited workers, secretly engaged in loan sharking, and encouraged helpers to steal things. Stingy, greedy, tyrannical, cruel.

4. Writing characteristics: It makes people feel sad but not too heavy when reading. It allows people to see light in darkness, kindness in evil, and the light of humanity in ruthlessness. In the tragic atmosphere, we feel the great power of people to overcome tragic fate.