There are 22 common English rhetorical devices, namely simile, metonymy, synonymy, metaphor, personification, onomatopoeia, exaggeration, pun, satire, synesthesia, alliteration, euphemism, rhetorical rhetorical rhetorical rhetorical rhetorical rhetorical question, allegory, contrast, gradual method, descending method, quotation, reduplication and parody.
1. Simile
is a comparison between two things and phenomena with the same characteristics, which shows the similar relationship between ontology and vehicle, and both of them appear in the comparison. Commonly used figurative words like, as, as if, as through, seem, similar to, such as suchas,
eg: this elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
This elephant looks like a snake as anyone has seen it.
Second, metaphor
This metaphor is not carried out through figurative words, but directly describes things as B, and the connection and similarity between A and B are implied.
eg: The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
The diamond department is the heart and core of the store.
3. Synecdoche
Synecdoche can be roughly summarized into four situations:
A. Part and whole alternate; B. replace things with materials; C. abstract and concrete alternation; D. replace the whole class with an individual.
eg: outside, (there is) a sea of faces. Outside the street, there is a sea of people. (replacing the whole with parts of the human body, that is, representing people with faces)
Fourth, personification
This rhetorical method is to add human characteristics and characteristics to external things, make them personalized, and personify people with things, so as to achieve mutual integration and integration. Personification is to give life to inanimate things.
eg:
I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the Woods.
I am very happy, and I can hear birds singing in the Woods.
5. Hyperbole
This is to use rich imagination and radical words to render and decorate objective things, so as to achieve the effect of emphasis, that is, exaggeration.
Eg:My blood froze.
my blood is frozen.
6. Metonymy
refers to a rhetorical device that when things A are not similar to things B, but they are closely related, they can use this relationship to replace things A with the names of things B.. The focus of metonymy is not on "similarity"; But in "association". Metonymy is also called metonymy, or metonymy.
eg: the kettle boils. -container represents content
(the kettle means the water in the kettle)
VII. Pun
A word or phrase is used to combine two unrelated meanings at the same time in an ingenious way to achieve an unexpected humorous and funny effect. It mainly appears in similar forms, meanings and homophones.
Eg:Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!” Cried the Swede proudly.
Napoleon was surprised. "Either you are crazy or I am," he said. "Two, sir!" Cried the Swede proudly.
The word "both" is a pun, which means that Napoleon and the soldier are both crazy, and that the soldier participated in two battles under Napoleon's command.
8. Onomatopoeia
is a non-verbal sound that imitates nature. Its pronunciation is very similar to that of the things described, which makes the language vivid and expressive.
eg: on the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.
On the roof of the school house, some pigeons are softly cooing.
9. Irony
refers to the use of implicit words of praise to express its negative meaning, thus achieving the effect of making the original meaning more humorous and ironic.
eg:
It would be a fine thing determined not knowing what time it was in the morning.
It's really a good thing to have no idea of time in the morning (the real meaning is to make clear the idea of time in the morning)
X. Synesthesia, Synaesthesia, Telekinesis
This rhetoric method directly describes things with feelings such as seeing, hearing, touching, smelling and smelling. Synaesthesia is to communicate the feelings of different senses, cause the transfer of feelings by association, and "write feelings with feelings". For example, in Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, "the breeze sends a faint fragrance, like a faint song on a tall building in the distance".
eg: The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily-like voice. (The hearing is described visually, and the sound made by a bird when it falls on a tree is associated with a lily.) When a bird falls on a tree, it pours out a lily-like sound.
11. alliteration of Alliteration
There are more than two words or phrases linked together in a sentence, and the syllables at the beginning have the same letters or sounds, so as to enhance the sense of rhythm of the language.
12. Euphemism, politely refuse method
politely refuse method refers to the use of euphemistic and elegant methods to express rude and taboo words.
Eg:He is out visiting the necessary? He went out to take a leak.
Parody parody
This is a kind of rhetoric that imitates famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs, and changes some words in them, so as to produce new ideas.
eg: Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year. Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
14. Rhetorical question rhetorical question (rhetorical question)
It is different from interrogative sentences in that it does not aim at getting answers, but uses questions as a means to achieve rhetorical effects. Its characteristics are: affirmative questions indicate strong negation, while negative questions indicate strong affirmation. Its answers are often self-evident.
Eg:.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15. Paradox Paradox
This is a seemingly contradictory statement, but it contains a certain philosophical meaning, and it is an oxymoron.
Eg:More haste, less speed. haste makes waste
XVI. Antithesis, contrast, antithesis
This rhetoric refers to a rhetorical method of juxtaposing sentences with completely opposite meanings.
Eg:You are staying; I am going.
17. Parallelism, parallelism
This rhetorical method is to arrange two or more phrases and sentences with roughly the same or similar structure, related meanings and consistent tone into a string to form a whole.
Eg:No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; No one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
18. Allegory allegory, for example (original meaning "fable")
means "saying it in another way". It is an image description with duality, and its surface meaning and real meaning are two different things.
Eg:
1> Make the hay while the sun shines.
Surface meaning: sunbathing while the sun is shining
Real meaning: strike while the iron is hot
XIX, Climax gradual method, step-by-step method
This rhetoric is to gradually make a series of words according to the size, weight, depth and height of ideas, and finally reach the peak. It can enhance the language potential and gradually deepen the reader's impression.
2. Anticlimax Descending Method
A figure of speech opposite to climax, which arranges a series of words from big to small and from strong to weak.
eg: on his breath he wears his declarations, at his side a sword, On his feel a pair of boots.
21. Rhetorical repetition
This rhetorical method refers to the overlapping use of words with the same structure and the same meaning in a specific context to enhance the tone and strength.
eg: it must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glory man-made destiny.
It must be created with the blood and sweat of those of us who have confidence in the future and the great destiny created by human beings themselves.
22. Quoting quotes
Quoting a sentence or paragraph somewhere or what someone said is usually marked in double Quotation marks.
Eg：Franklin said,“If a man empties his purse into his head,no man can take it away from him,an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.”