Hello, let me answer it for you:

The beautiful water town in the south of the Yangtze River-Zhejiang Shanyin (today's Shaoxing) is the home of the patriotic heroine Qiu Jin in the late Qing Dynasty

Hometown.

Qiu Jin’s family has a strong feudal atmosphere. Her grandfather and father were both officials, and they could not open or close their mouths without the clichés of feudal ethics.

When Qiu Jin grew up to fourteen or fifteen years old, she was already ambitious and talented. She liked reading storybooks about Liang Hongyu, Mu Guiying, etc.

He was determined to be like them. Honor women.

One day, Qiu Jin’s cousins ??came to play with the adults. When they talked, the sisters all hated themselves for being girls.

Children, with no status and no freedom, were like little kids in a cage. bird. The more Qiu Jin listened, the more she felt unfair and said angrily:

"Women are not necessarily less intelligent than men. It is just because women do not have the opportunity to study and lack the ability to make a living independently

We are bullied because we rely on men for food.”

Qiu Jin’s father somehow found out about this. With a sullen look on his face, he called Qiu Jin in front of him: "Have you read "The Female Commandment"? Do you remember it?"

"Not only have I read "The Female Commandment", I also read "Historical Records" and "Book of Han" Qiu Jin replied calmly.

"Well, have you read so many books? 'It is virtue for a woman to have no talent.' Have you forgotten this sentence?"

"You can write "Female Commandments" and compile "Women's Commandments" Ban Zhao in "The Book of Han" is a woman! Cai Wenji, Xie Daoyun, and Li Qingzhao are all talented women. If it is said that "it is virtue for a woman to have no talent," the "Book of Han" will not be compiled. "

The father did not expect that his daughter would dare to confront him. Just when he was about to lose his temper, a maid came in and said: "Uncle

The master is here." He stood up and shook her off. sleeves, and hurriedly went to welcome the guests.

Qiu Jin looked at her father’s back and murmured unconvincingly: “It’s wrong to lose your temper.

Can you convince others?”

Sui and Tang

Princess Pingyang

The Northern and Southern Dynasties were unified, but the troubled times were not over yet, and soon China fell into a state of great division again. This split was short-lived. It only took Li Yuan, the nephew of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, 7 years to defeat the heroes and unify the world again. Able to dominate the world in such a short period of time, only Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, was better than Li Yuan in history. But after Han Gaozu defeated Xiang Yu and became emperor, the country was still in turmoil. Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty personally suppressed the rebellion until shortly before his death. This problem did not exist in the Tang Dynasty. The reason for this is mainly because Tang Gaozu Li Yuan had a group of outstanding sons and daughters. Among these sons and daughters, the most accomplished ones are the prince Li Jiancheng, the second son Li Shimin and the third daughter Princess Pingyang.

Princess Pingyang is the daughter of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, of course her surname is Li. But what her name was, there is no record in official history. The attitude towards women in Chinese history books changed completely in the Five Dynasties. Five generations ago, no matter what kind of women they were, their names would probably be left in history books. Unless, like Empress Mao of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, the Pre-Qin Dynasty existed for a very short time and the historical records may not be complete and no names were left. But after the Song Dynasty, women's names were no longer publicly recorded in historical records. The more noble the woman, the more so. On the contrary, so-called "female thieves" are often called by their first names in history books. The "Old Book of Tang" and the "New Book of Tang", which record the deeds of Princess Pingyang, were written in the Later Jin Dynasty and the other in the Northern Song Dynasty, but neither of them recorded the name and age of Princess Pingyang. Therefore, later generations of writers such as Huang Yi who wrote martial arts novels had to randomly name her Li Xiuning.

Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, had 19 daughters, and Princess Pingyang was the third. Of course, these 19 daughters cannot all be born to the same mother. Princess Pingyang's mother is Li Yuan's first wife Dou. That is Li Jiancheng, the mother of Li Shimin and Li Yuanji. Speaking of Mrs. Dou, she is also a strange woman.

The Dou family is from Jingzhao Pingling (today's Xingping, Shaanxi Province). His father Dou Yi was one of the eight marshals of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (Dou Yi was awarded the title of Shangzhu Kingdom. This official name has no corresponding modern official name The Northern Zhou Dynasty had eight generals who commanded the country's officers and soldiers. It can be roughly translated as the commander of the front army. But in fact, this official title is more honorary than the actual power.) His mother was Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. His sister, Princess Xiangyang.

Dou was very smart since she was a child and was deeply loved by Emperor Wu. He kept her in the palace and raised her as his own daughter. At that time, the world was divided into three parts, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty was the weakest. In order to obtain foreign aid, Emperor Wu married a Turkic princess as his queen. But Emperor Wu was very dissatisfied with this political marriage and often asked the Turkic princess to stay in the vacant house. Mrs. Dou often persuaded her uncle to be patient. A good marriage with the Turks would eliminate the threat from the north and use all their strength to deal with Chen in the south and Northern Qi in the east.

Soon, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian, usurped the throne of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Dou said bitterly: "I hate that I am not a man, so I can't eliminate troubles for my uncle's family." Her father was so frightened that he quickly covered her mouth: "Don't talk nonsense! This is the crime of exterminating the family!" However, Dou Yi believed that he My daughter is not an ordinary person, and of course she cannot marry casually. So when the daughter reached the age where she was talking about marriage, she came up with a method of recruiting a bride through a competition. Of course, this competition to recruit a bride is not like setting up an arena for everyone to fight against the Dou family like in martial arts novels. Dou Yi had two peacocks painted on the gate, and those who wanted to marry him had to shoot two arrows from a hundred steps away. Anyone who hits a peacock's eye with two arrows will be made his son-in-law. According to current official historical records, Li Yuan is a quite mediocre person. But he has no other advantages. His archery skills are quite superb. Dozens of people came to take the exam, but only Li Yuan hit both arrows.

After marrying Li Yuan, Dou became his good wife. Li Yuan had many wrinkles on his face, so Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty jokingly called Li Yuan "grandma". Li Yuan was very unhappy when he returned home. When Mrs. Dou asked about the reason, she immediately comforted him: "This is a good sign. You are the Duke of Tang Dynasty. Tanghetang is homophonic. Grandma is the head of the family, that is, the hall master." At that time, the Emperor's Golden Palace was also called Mingtang. Dou refers to the fact that Li Yuan will be the emperor in the future, replacing Emperor Sui Yang.

Due to growing up in the palace, Dou had a lot of experience in palace politics. Li Yuan raised a lot of horses, and Dou persuaded him to give them to Emperor Sui Yang, who loved horses: "The emperor likes eagles and horses. You know that you should give the horses to the emperor now, and you shouldn't keep them yourself, otherwise you will attract people." He was framed." Li Yuan was reluctant to part with his horse at first, but later he was really scolded by Emperor Sui Yang, so he hurriedly offered it up. Dou passed away at the age of forty-five. Li Yuan then carefully considered his late wife's words and found that they made sense, so he often sent horses and eagles to Emperor Sui Yang. Emperor Sui Yang was indeed extremely happy and soon promoted Li Yuan to the rank of general. Li Yuan shed tears and said to his children: "If I had listened to your mother earlier, I would have become an official like this."

I have made many digressions just to show that Li Yuan is such a mediocre person. , why there are outstanding children.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was not actually a standard king who subjugated his country. His literary talent and military strategy are definitely not inferior to any famous emperor in history, at least not inferior to Li Shimin. Neither of these two men were princes before they came to power. Both had excellent reputations and made unparalleled achievements. They both came to power through bloody coups. After coming to power, the initial civil and military skills were similar. The problem is that Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was less open-minded than Li Shimin to accept advice and more happy to achieve great achievements. This led him to dig the Grand Canal regardless of national strength and expedition to Goryeo. The result was chaos in the world. He also lost his head in Jiangdu.

In this chaotic situation, Li Yuan's chance of winning was not that great at first. His territory is on the remote border of Shanxi, far away from the capital Chang'an and the eastern capital Luoyang. The number of troops under his command is also insufficient, no more than 10,000 men. And we have to face Turkic attacks every day. The most terrible thing is that all his family members are in Chang'an, and only his second son Li Shimin is with him. If he rebels, his family will be in danger immediately. However, the temptation of the throne exceeded any kind of family affection. With the instigation of everyone around him, including Li Shimin, Li Yuan launched an army in May of the 13th year of Sui Dynasty (617 AD).

Since his family were all hostages in Chang'an, Li Yuan did not dare to blatantly proclaim himself king and emperor. He claimed that he led his troops to leave his defense line in order to go to Jiangdu to meet Emperor Sui Yang who was trapped there. But his marching route was not Jiangdu in the southeast but the capital Chang'an in the west. Even Li Yuan himself said that doing so was "covering one's ears and stealing the bell". Of course, it couldn't be hidden from the Sui Dynasty officials who stayed in Chang'an. Chang'an immediately ordered the arrest of Li Yuan's family. The arrest list included Li Yuan's third daughter, Princess Pingyang, and her husband, Chai Shao.

This Mr. Chai Shao ranked 14th among the 24 heroes of Lingyan Pavilion in the Tang Dynasty. He had outstanding strategy and was good at defeating more with less. He was able to eliminate Xue Ju, Liu Wuzhou, Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande. He was still the main general in destroying Liang Shidu, the last opponent of the Tang Dynasty.

Li He has a poem that says: "Why don't men bring Wu hooks and collect the fifty states in Guanshan? Please go to Lingyan Pavilion for a while, like a scholar with ten thousand households!" However, in the 13th year of Daye, Chai Shao did not have this kind of hero in the poem. spirit. Upon hearing the order to arrest him, he immediately ran away. Before he ran away, he said to his wife: "Your father is rebelling, and I want to join him. We won't be able to escape if we run together. I'm afraid you will be in danger if I leave you behind. What do you think we should do?" He meant his wife. He was a member of the Li family, and he was afraid that the target would be too big, and he would have a greater chance of winning if he escaped by himself. Princess Pingyang is so smart, of course she can see the subtext in this. But she was more courageous than her husband, and she immediately said: "You can go alone, I am a woman, it is easy to hide, I will find a way when the time comes." So Chai Shao ran away alone with peace of mind.

Princess Pingyang said that she was a woman and it was easy for her to hide just to appease Chai Shao, but she did have her own plan. After Chai Shao left, Princess Pingyang immediately returned to the Li family's manor in Hu County (today's Hu County, Shaanxi Province). She disguised herself as a man and called herself Young Master Li. She sold her property, recruited troops, and openly confronted the court. At that time, the world was in chaos. Although Chang'an was still in the hands of the Sui Dynasty, the surrounding prefectures and counties were full of bandits. The leader of the largest group was He Panren, a Hu merchant from the Western Regions, with tens of thousands of men under his command. Princess Pingyang sent her son Ma Sanbao to persuade He Panren to surrender. I don't know what tricks Ma Sanbao used, but He Panren, who was far more powerful than Princess Pingyang, was willing to be Princess Pingyang's subordinate. This is quite similar to the Taizu of this dynasty who recruited Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai when he first came to Jinggangshan. The Taizu of this dynasty was familiar with historical facts, and I don’t know if he ever thought of this period of history at that time.

Getting back to the subject, Princess Pingyang recruited He Panren and then successively recruited bandits such as Li Zhongwen, Xiang Shanzhi, Qiu Shili, etc., and her power increased greatly. During this period, the imperial court continued to send troops to attack Princess Pingyang. Princess Pingyang not only defeated every attack, but also took the opportunity to expand her results and successively captured Huxian, Wugong, Zhouzhi, and Shiping counties. The team has also expanded to more than 70,000 people. The gang of men recruited by Princess Pingyang are all bandits who kill without blinking an eye. If they don't have some real ability, even men can't control them. What's more, the sources of troops come from systems that were not originally affiliated with each other. Being able to turn a ragtag group into a victorious force in a short period of time and achieve such a great result, Princess Pingyang's organizational and command abilities are truly outstanding.

In September 617 AD, Li Yuan's main force crossed the Yellow River and entered Guanzhong. At this time, he was very happy to find that Princess Pingyang had already secured a large territory for him in Guanzhong. He sent Chai Shao to meet Princess Pingyang. When the couple met, Chai Shao would blush when he saw his wife in such beautiful condition. Next, Princess Pingyang selected more than 10,000 elite soldiers to join Li Shimin on the north bank of the Weihe River to attack Chang'an together. Chai Shao belongs to Li Shimin's subordinates and is on the same level as Princess Pingyang. The husband and wife each led an army, and each had their own headquarters (shogunate). The more than 10,000 elite soldiers of Princess Pingyang are called the "Women's Army". On November 9, Chang'an was captured.

The significance of Princess Pingyang's actions in Guanzhong for the establishment of the Li and Tang Dynasties cannot be overestimated. As mentioned before, Li Yuan is a very mediocre person. Although he is very ambitious, he is a person with a thief heart but no courage. After raising the army, I encountered a slight setback and wanted to back down and return to my hometown in Taiyuan. Thanks to Li Shimin's persuasion, he reluctantly moved forward. Before crossing the Yellow River, he had been fighting with Sui general Qu Tutong. Later, Li Shimin's strategy was adopted, using a small number of troops to contain Qu Tutong, and the main force went straight to attack the key point. Without Princess Pingyang to support her in Guanzhong, this move would have been a solo attack, which was extremely risky. If the attack on Chang'an is unfavorable, Qu Tutong will inevitably cut off the rear route, and then it will really become a turtle in the urn.

After the Battle of Chang'an, Princess Pingyang's deeds disappeared from historical records. It was not until early February in the sixth year of Taketoku (623 AD) that six years later, the news of her death was suddenly recorded in the history books. The main reason why this was recorded was because her funeral was unique, as she was buried with military honors (front and back feathers, large chariots, command banners, forty swordsmen, and soldiers in armor). Why this is the case has been analyzed before. Chinese history has always looked down on women, especially women who led soldiers. Ancient books have been deleted repeatedly throughout the ages. This is probably how Princess Pingyang’s deeds were forgotten. However, based on clues in various historical records, we can still draw a rough outline of the situation in these six years.

First of all, what is certain is that after conquering Chang'an, Princess Pingyang continued to lead troops to fight for the Tang Dynasty.

Although Li Yuan captured Chang'an, he only controlled roughly half of Guanzhong. He was surrounded by enemies. After capturing Chang'an, Li Yuan immediately faced Xue Ju and Li Gui of Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu) who occupied the land of Longxi. From the time Xue Ju sent troops to defeat the Tang army in Qianshuiyuan in July of the first year of Wude in the Tang Dynasty to the capture of Li Gui in February of the second year and occupied five counties in Hexi, Li Yuan finally pacified Guanzhong and the west. Just after taking a breath, Liu Wuzhou took Li Yuan's retreat and captured Li Yuan's home base of Shanxi. Li Yuan ordered Li Shimin to conquer. It took Li Shimin almost two years to defeat Liu Wuzhou and recapture Shanxi. The battle that established Li Tang's world was the destruction of Wang Shichong. In this battle, the Tang army surrounded the city for reinforcements and killed Dou Jiande who came to rescue Wang Shichong. Chai Shao participated in these battles. It is not in line with her character to say that Princess Pingyang is enjoying happiness in Chang'an at this time. As an outstanding general, of course she had to participate in these decisive battles that decided the fate of the Tang Dynasty. After Dou Jiande was overthrown, the remaining tribes relied on Liu Heitai as the leader. In July of the fourth year of Wude (AD 621), they raised troops to rebel against the Tang Dynasty in Zhangnan (now the ancient city of Hebei Province). Xu Yuanlang and Gao Kaidao also raised troops to respond. They allied with the Turks in the north and restored Dou Jiande's old territory in less than half a year. Princess Pingyang's main task at this time was to defend Shanxi, the Li family's base camp. The place where she was stationed was Niangziguan.

Niangziguan is located at the west entrance of "Jingxing" on the west side of the Taihang Mountains, on Mianshan Mountain in the northeast of Pingding County, Shanxi Province today. It borders Hebei Province and is the throat of Shanxi. It was originally called Weize Pass, but it was renamed Niangzi Pass because Princess Pingyang led tens of thousands of "women's troops" to garrison here. "Jingxing" is the shortest and fastest passage between Jinzhong and Jizhong areas. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Han Xin took this route to destroy Zhao. Shanxi is the barrier between the Central Plains and Guanzhong. Without Shanxi, the Central Plains and Guanzhong would be unstable. Princess Pingyang led the army to garrison Niangzi Pass in order to prevent the enemy from entering Shanxi from "Jingxing".

Since Princess Pingyang could not be stationed here before Liu Wuzhou was defeated and recaptured Shanxi, Princess Pingyang did not enter Niangziguan until the fourth year of Wude (621 AD) at the earliest. So what was she doing before? Of course there is a war. How could Li Yuan allow a good general like Princess Pingyang to be idle for more than three years and then suddenly use it when there was not a day without fighting?

The reason why Princess Pingyang died in the end is not stated in the history books. Li Shimin was born in 599 AD. He was 18 years old when Li Yuan launched an army in 617 AD. Li Jiancheng was about 10 years older than Li Shimin at 28 years old, and Li Yuanji was about 2 years younger than Li Shimin at 16 years old. If Princess Pingyang is Li Shimin's sister, she should be at least 16 years old. No matter how young you are, you won't be able to fight for territory in Guanzhong for your father. But 16 years old is unlikely. Because unless she and Li Yuanji are twins, few people can have a baby every year for three consecutive years. So the most likely thing is that she is Li Jiancheng's sister and Li Shimin's sister. She should have been between 20 and 26 years old when Li Yuan launched his army. In this way, by 623 AD, her age should be between 26 and 32 years old. If she was Li Shimin's sister, she would have been only 22 years old when she died. Although the life span of ancient people was not long. But dying at such an age, for a strong military general, the possibility of illness seems unlikely. Considering that she was buried with military honors when she died, we can make a bold guess that she died in battle or was seriously injured and died after returning to Chang'an.

There are two possibilities for her death in battle. One possibility is to die while fighting the Turks. At that time, there was civil strife in China, and the northern warlords, including Li Yuan, formed an alliance with the Turks. Use Turks to attack your enemies. The Turks did not take alliances seriously and often invaded. Shanxi is an area frequently invaded by Turks. Another possibility is that he died during the operation to eliminate Liu Heita. In November 622, Li Yuan sent Li Jiancheng to lead an army to attack Liu Heita, and the two sides began to win or lose. It was not until December 25 that it was completely defeated. The Niangzi Pass where Princess Pingyang is stationed is on the front line, so of course she will lead her troops to participate in the battle. So the possibility of dying in this battle is very high. If he died at this time, it would take almost half a month for his body to be transported back to Chang'an. Since she was a princess, the preparations for the burial took almost half a month. The time is also consistent.

There were many strong women in the Tang Dynasty, especially princesses. Princess Pingyang pioneered the trend, followed by Princess Taiping, Princess Anle and so on. But in terms of talent and achievements, she is not as good as Princess Pingyang.

Mu Guiying, Taijun She, female generals of the Yang clan, were still able to take command and go out to fight against foreign enemies after the death of their husbands and sons, and have been respected by the Chinese for thousands of years.

Qiu Jin, female, formerly known as Qiu Guijin, also known as Xuanqing (Xuanqing), also known as Jingxiong; also known as Danwu, also known as Jianhu Nvxia.

His ancestral home is Shanyin, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing City), and he was born in Xiamen, Fujian. He despises feudal etiquette and advocates equality between men and women. He often refers to himself as Hua Mulan and Qin Liangyu. He is a heroic person, studies literature and martial arts, and likes to wear men's clothing. In the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1894), when his father Qiu Xin was appointed as the Supervisor and Sales Office of Xiangxiang County, he betrothed Qiu Jin to Wang Tingjun, Shenchong, Heye Township, Shuangfeng County, as his wife. In the 22nd year of Guangxu's reign, Qiu married Wang. Wang Tingjun opened "Yiyuan Pawnshop" in Xiangtan. Qiu Jin lived in Xiangtan most of the time and often returned to her husband's house. In the autumn of this year, Qiu Jin returned to Shenchong for the first time, and recited his self-composed "Qi Ren Worry" in front of many relatives and friends who were happy: "When will the beacon fire at Youyan end? I heard that the war between China and the ocean is not over; I feel worried about the country and hatred in my empty room, "Who will change the heroine into a pocket" shows concern for the people and the country, and is respected by the local people.

“When there is only one revolutionary left on the street, this revolutionary must be a woman.” This is the famous saying of Luxemburg, the female leader of the Communist International. It shows that women are not inferior to men, and women may be more firm and persistent in their belief in themselves.

The female martyrs we are familiar with, such as Zhao Yiman, Eight Girls Who Throw themselves into Jiang, Sister Jiang, Liu Hulan, etc., are all heroes among women. But as a female revolutionary in modern China, Qiu Jin must be the first. Qiu Jin was 4 years younger than Luxemburg, but died 12 years earlier than her.