OM, FRS (Bertrand Arthur William Russell, Third Earl Russell,1872may18-1970 February 2) is one of the most influential philosophers, mathematicians and logicians in the 20th century. He is also an active political activist, committed to the popularization of philosophy. Numerous people regard Russell as the prophet of this era, but at the same time, many of Russell's political positions are controversial. He was born in 1872 and died in 1970 at the height of the British Empire. At this time, Britain experienced two world wars and the empire had declined. From 65438 to 0950, Russell won the Nobel Prize in Literature in recognition of his "diverse and important works, his persistent pursuit of humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought".