Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (Александр Сергеевич Пушкин), June 6, 1799/May 26, Russian calendar) was born in Moscow, Russia, and died on January 29, 1837. St. Petersburg is a famous Russian litterateur, great poet, novelist, and the founder of modern Russian literature. The main representative of Russian romantic literature in the 19th century, he was also the founder of realist literature and the founder of modern standard Russian. He was known as the "Father of Russian Literature" and "The Sun of Russian Poetry" (Golky).

Personal life: He was good at all genres, founded Russian national literature and literary language, and provided a model for Russian literature in various literary fields such as poetry, novels, dramas and even fairy tales. Pushkin was also hailed by Gorky as "the beginning of all beginnings." Born into a noble family. He began to write poetry in his childhood and studied at the Tsarskoe Selo School, which was established by the tsarist government to train the children of aristocrats. During his studies, he was influenced by the progressive Decembrists and some progressive thinkers at that time. Many poems published later criticized the serfdom system and praised freedom and progress. In addition to poetry, Pushkin's works mainly include the novel "The Captain's Daughter", and he is the founder of historical documentary. "The History of Pugachev", the poetic novel "Evgeny Onegin", the novella "Dubrovsky", "The Collected Novels of Belkin", etc. Pushkin was persecuted by the Tsarist government in his creative activities. He was killed in a planned duel in 1837. His creations had a great influence on the development and development of Russian literature and language. Family Background Pushkin was born in Moscow on June 6, 1799, into a declining aristocratic landowner family. He was inclined to revolution throughout his life and fought unyieldingly against the dark dictatorship

Pushkin's Poems and Paintings

An indomitable struggle , his thoughts and poems aroused the dissatisfaction and hatred of the rulers of Tsarist Russia. He was exiled twice, but never surrendered. Finally, he died in a duel under the conspiracy and planning of the Tsarist government. He was only 38 years old. He grew up in a strong literary atmosphere. In his childhood, he was trained by a French tutor and received an aristocratic education. At the age of 8, he was able to write poems in French. His family had a rich collection of books and friends with literary celebrities. His nanny, who was a serf, often told him Russian folk stories and legends, which enabled him to appreciate the rich Russian language from an early age and develop a strong interest in folk creations. Educational background In 1811, Pushkin entered Tsarskoye Selo, a school for aristocratic children, and began his literary career at the age of 12. In 1815, he recited his own "Nostalgia of Huangcun" in the middle school examination, showing his outstanding talent in poetry writing. In particular, the beauty and exquisiteness of his verses were widely appreciated. In his early poems, he followed the romantic poets Bachushkov and Zhukovsky, and studied the style of the French poet Andre Chenier in the 17th and 18th centuries. While studying at Tsarskoe Selo Middle School, he also received the influence of French Enlightenment ideas and made friends with some Praetorian Guard officers who later became Decembrists. His ideas of opposing the tsarist dictatorship and pursuing freedom were initially formed. Career Pushkin worked for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Petersburg after graduation. During this period, he was deeply infected by the Decembrists and their ideas of democracy and freedom, and participated in literature related to the Decembrist secret organization. The group "Green Lantern Society" created many poems that opposed serfdom and praised freedom, such as "Ode to Freedom" (1817); "To Chadayev" (1818); "Countryside" (1819), In 1820, Pushkin wrote the long fairy tale narrative poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila". The story is based on Russian folklore, describing the knight Ruslan overcoming difficulties and obstacles, defeating the enemy, and finally finding his bride Lyudmila. Pushkin used vivid folk language in his poems, which were different from classical poetry in content and form, and challenged the traditional aristocratic literature. These works of Pushkin's disguised exile caused uneasiness in the tsarist government. In 1820, he was sent to southern Russia to serve. This was actually a disguised exile

The statue of Pushkin and his wife

The exile . During this period, he had more frequent contacts with the Decembrists and participated in some secret meetings of the Decembrists. His pursuit of freedom became clearer and stronger. Pushkin wrote famous poems such as "The Dagger" (1821), "The Prisoner" (1822), and "To the Sea" (1824). He also wrote a set of "Southern Poems", including "Captives of the Caucasus" (1822), "The Robbers" "Brothers" (1822), "The Fountain of Tears in Bahcesarayi" (1824), and "Gzigan" (1824) are four romantic narrative poems. He also wrote many beautiful lyric poems: "The Sun Sinks" (1820), "Prisoners" and "Dagger" (1821), etc., which express the poet's strong longing for freedom. From this period onwards, Pushkin fully demonstrated his unique style. Period of Captivity 1824--1825, Pushkin was returned by the tsarist authorities to the village of Mikhailovsk, his parents' territory in Pskov Province, where he spent two years. During his confinement, he composed nearly a hundred poems. He collected folk songs and stories, and studied Russian history. His thoughts became more mature, and his realist tendency in creation became more and more obvious.

In 1825, he completed the creation of "Boris Godunov", the first realist tragedy in the history of Russian literature. In 1826, Tsar Nicholas I came to the throne. In order to win over people's hearts, he recalled Pushkin to Moscow, but he was still under the secret surveillance of the tsarist police. Pushkin did not change his attitude towards the Decembrists. He once had illusions about the new tsar and hoped that Nicholas I could pardon the Decembrists who were exiled in Siberia. However, the illusion was quickly shattered and he wrote political lyrics. "To the Prisoners of Siberia" expresses his unswerving loyalty to the ideals of the Decembrist Party. In the autumn of 1830, Pushkin spent three months in his father's territory. This was a fruitful period of his creative life, known as the "Autumn of Bolkino" in literary history. He completed the poetic novel "Eugene Onegin" which he started writing in 1823, creating the first image of "superfluous man" in Russian literature, which became his most important work. He also wrote "Belkin's Novels" and four verse novels "The Stingy Knight", "Mozart and Salieri", "The Plague Banquet", "The Stone Guest", and nearly 30 lyric poems. "The Station Master" in "Belkin's Novels" is a model of Russian short stories, starting the tradition of shaping "little people", and his realist creation is superb. In 1831 Pushkin moved to Petersburg and still served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He continued to create many works, mainly including the narrative poem "The Bronze Horseman"

Pushkin

(1833), the fairy tale poem "The Story of the Fisherman and the Goldfish" (1833), and short stories "The Queen of Spades" (1834) etc. He also wrote two novels about peasant issues, "Dubrovsky" (1832-1833) and "The Captain's Daughter" (1836). In 1836 Pushkin founded the literary magazine "Modern Man". The publication was later edited by Belinsky, Nekrasov, Chernyshevsky, Dubrovryubov, etc., and ran until the 1860s. It not only cultivated a large number of outstanding writers, but also became Russian progressives. mouthpiece. Pushkin's creations and activities caused a headache for the Tsarist government. They used conspiracies to incite French gendarmerie captain Dantes to blaspheme Pushkin's wife Natalia Nikolayevna Goncharova, which resulted in the 1837 The duel between Pushkin and Dantes. Pushkin was seriously injured in the duel and died on February 8, 1837. He was only 38 years old. His early death made Russian progressive literati once lamented: "The sun of Russian poetry has set." Evaluation of Works The lofty ideological nature and perfect artistry of Pushkin's works have given him great influence worldwide. His works have been translated into all major languages ??around the world. Pushkin expressed his love for freedom and life in his works, his firm belief that light will defeat darkness and reason will defeat prejudice, his lofty sense of mission to "light up people's hearts with words" and The great ambition has deeply moved generations of people. This masterpiece of genius has inspired the creative passion and inspiration of so many Russian musicians. Operas based on Pushkin's poems "Evgeny Onegin", "Boris Godunov", "The Queen of Spades", "Ruslan and Lyudmila", "Gypsy", etc., etc. One is not a great musical work; Pushkin's lyric poems were set to music and became popular art songs; some works were also adapted into ballets and became immortal classics on the stage. In order to commemorate Pushkin, people renamed Tsarskoe Selo, where he was born, Pushkin (where Catherine the Great died in 1796). Now it has become a famous tourist attraction, and the famous village of Bolkino is also nearby. Edit this paragraph: Personally important representative poetic novel: "Eugene Onegin"

Collection of Pushkin's works

Novel: "The Captain's Daughter" Novella: " "Queen of Spades", "Dubrovsky" Collection of prose novels: "Collected Novels of Belkin" Historical drama: "Boris Godunov" Fairy tale poem: "The Story of the Fisherman and the Goldfish" Political lyric poetry: "To the Sea", "Ode to Freedom", "To Chadayev" Narrative poems: "The Bronze Horseman", "Captives of the Caucasus" Love poems: "To Cohen" also known as "I Remember That Wonderful Moment" "My Name" "I Loved You" short stories "The Black Slaves of Peter the Great", "Epistolary Novels", "Collected Novels of the Dead Ivan Petrovich Belkin": "Shooting", "The Snowstorm", "The Coffin Boss", "The Station Master", "The Village Girl", "The Story of Gorushino", "Roslavlev", "Dubrovsky", "The Queen of Spades", "The Queen of Spades", "El Shari", "Egyptian Nights", "The Captain's Daughter", "Guests Gathered in the Villa", "We Spent a Night in the Villa" Poems "The Fountain of Bachsara", "To the Sea", "To the Sea" Chadayev", "The Story of the Fisherman and the Goldfish", "Late Blooming Flowers Are Lover", "If Life Lies to You", "I Used to Love You"

Pushkin's famous sayings: There is no happiness, There is only freedom and peace. Where the sword of law cannot reach, the whip of irony can certainly reach. Hope is the faithful sister of misfortune. Pushkin's portrait, his commemorative sculptures and the square (10 photos) Sensitivity is not proof of wisdom. Fools and even madmen can sometimes be extremely sensitive. Whether it is sentimental poems, beautiful articles, or leisure joy, nothing can replace an extremely close friendship.

Reading and learning is to build one's own thoughts and knowledge with the help of other people's thoughts and knowledge. The influence of people is short and weak, but the influence of books is broad and far-reaching. Listening to the young girl's singing, the old man's heart becomes young. A young conscience is as clear as a sunny day. When the light smoke of youth curls away the joy of youth, then we can gain everything worth absorbing. Cherishing clothes should start from the time when they are new, and cherishing reputation should start from childhood. The design and creation of the world should be centered on people, not on seeking money. People do not live with money as their object, but their object is often people. How happy is the person chosen by your lingering dreams and whims. I once loved you: love, perhaps, has not completely died in my heart. I hope it will no longer bother you, and I don’t want to make you sad anymore. I have loved you silently and hopelessly, suffering both shyness and jealousy, I have loved you so sincerely and tenderly, may God bless you, and may another be like you. I love you the same.

Edit this paragraph: Message for the Bicentenary of Pushkin’s Birth. Author: Tian Guobin, written in Beijing in June 1998. The poem was read aloud at the Pushkin Symposium on June 22, 1998, and at the Central People’s Congress on the 27th of the same month. Full text broadcast on radio stations. In 1999, it was included in the commemorative collection of "Pushkin and Me" published by People's Literature Publishing House. In the same year, it was translated and published in Russia, which attracted widespread attention and praise from the society. Section 1: Pushkin, Russia’s great national poet, have you seen it? Grand birthday celebrations are being held for you all over the world? Pushkin, the immortal Russian literary giant, have you heard that the entire progressive mankind is greeting you and paying respect to you? Pushkin, the sun that never falls in Russian poetry, can the praise of history make you feel comforted, can it make you feel happy? Pushkin, singer of love, fighter for truth and freedom, can the love of the people eliminate your sadness and drive away your loneliness? It is indeed regrettable that you have only traveled a short journey of thirty-eight years. However, you have lived in the glorious history and in the hearts of the people for two centuries! Section 2: Who will forget your ups and downs but also the glorious and magnificent life? Who will forget the baptism of love and hate, blood and fire, life and death that you have experienced! You cultivated the fertile soil of Russian literature with your wisdom and inspiration. You used your blood and life to cleanse the decadent forces of Russian tyranny. You faced indifference, ridicule, slander, exile, persecution, betrayal and poverty. You never stopped fighting and fighting. Sing, you never cease to charge and attack. It is true that a sinful bullet took away your raging life. It is true that autocratic dictators and villains suffocated the heyday of your creation. However, you walked into the temple of history and the paradise of the people's hearts. Look! The charming star you yearn for has already risen high! Section 3: New and old tsars, dignitaries, monks and nobles, literary clowns, fools, who is not afraid of your poems, who does not tremble before your dagger? Great men and sages, ordinary people's rookies, lonely men and widows, "superfluous people", prisoners and robbers. Which one has not approached your beautiful harp, which one has not confiscated your charming reed flute? The joys and sorrows of love, the separation and separation of life, what thing does not touch your fiery heartstrings? The fate of the motherland and the suffering of the people, what thing does not cause you to lament and sigh? You love the people and are close to the people. You are the people's singer and the people's mouthpiece. You hate tyranny and slavery. You are the charging warrior. You are the rebellion of the old world! You have contributed more than four million words of treasure to the literary treasure house of Russia and the world. You gave history and the people a generous gift of more than eight million lines of magnificent poems! Section 4 Philosophy, history, literature and art, and national education all shine with the light of your wisdom. Mountains and rivers, cities and villages, theaters and dance halls have all left your glorious footprints. Long poems and short songs, poems, dramas, fairy tales, novels and essays, commentaries, Travel Notes... Which literary form is not a place for you to compose ideal songs and express your heart? Ode and lamentation, satire and criticism, ridicule and scolding, appeal and warning, denunciation... Which creative method is not a handy tool and a weapon that you can use freely? You boldly moved forward, breaking through the traps and fetters of classicism and old romanticism. You bravely crossed over, from imitation to originality, and from romanticism to realism.

You are the beacon of Russian literature, you are the soul and pride of the Russian people. In your creative career of more than 20 years, you have created a new century of Russian literature! Section 5 You purify your soul in nature, you cultivate your sentiments in the suffering of the people, you sharpen your fighting spirit in the pursuit of truth, you draw courage from the torrent of the times, you desire to steal the advanced ideas of the West. The fire from heaven came to burn down the tyranny of Russia. You longed to draw the sacred fire of the ancient eastern civilization to water the thirsty land of Russia. The struggle of the Spanish and the fire of the French Revolution burned your fiery heart. Pugachev was suppressed, twelve The defeat of the Moon Party has brought you the theme of creation, and the victory of the Patriotic War against Napoleon has injected you with the passion of patriotism. You call for freedom, you call for light, you call for charity, and you call for truth; "You are A new sun rising in the desolate and gloomy sky of Russia." Your book is an "encyclopedia of Russia" and "everywhere is filled with the flavor of the times"! Section 6: You have shown the unyielding character of the Russian people to people all over the world. You have shown the colorful Russian national customs and the beauty of natural scenery. You have unfolded a historical picture of the perseverance of the Russian people to the entire human race: Peter the Great Our descendants have always been diligent, intelligent, persevering and brave! You have sown the seeds of pursuit of light and friendship in countries of different faiths. You solemnly declare that the Russian people love freedom, charity, peace and truth. Yes, it is you who have pulled Russian literature from the ivory tower of the court to the masses of the people. Yes. You take the symbol of the Russian people: looking towards the new century with an unyielding head held high! Yes, it is you who pushed Russian literature into the advanced ranks of world literature, thereby making the treasures of the world's literary treasure house more colorful and magnificent! Section 7 Pushkin, you admire Chinese history, Chinese classic philosophers and Confucius. You have been fascinated by the poetry and painting of Chinese architectural art since your childhood. You have always yearned for ancient China and the world-famous Great Wall. , you are eager to understand China, and you have read eighty-two kinds of books about China. You have mentioned this ancient country of "ceremony" more than once in your works. In 1830, you wrote a letter begging for this sacred land. Come visit and travel. I think you are here to explore the splendid culture and long history of ancient China. I know that you are here to discover creative themes and convey true friendship. However, the cruel tsar is afraid that you will spread your rebellious ideas abroad. You are not allowed to leave the country, and you are imprisoned in the cage of tyranny your whole life. Section 8 However, great singer, please don’t feel sorry or sad about this. Your high-pitched singing voice has been sung in China for a century, and your name has long become the link between the people of China and Russia. The link between China and Russia, your works have already become colorful lights on the colorful bridge of cultural exchange between China and Russia. The suffering Chinese people regard you as an angel who spreads light and truth, and your fighting poems as horns of charge and weapons of battle, whether it is the period of warlords' melee or the most difficult era of the revolution, no matter Whether in the flames of the Anti-Japanese War or in the triumphal song of the Liberation War, Chinese revolutionary literary and art workers were studying and reading your glorious works. It was you who sent a banner of romanticism and realism to the Chinese literary world! Section 9 The Chinese people who are the masters of the country have never forgotten your charming singing voice. They are grateful and respectful to you and express their deep affection and affection to you: The only monument of a foreign poet stands in Fen, Shanghai. On the Yangtze Highway, this is the highest reward given to you by the Chinese people and the most solemn etiquette for receiving you! For more than a hundred years, the Chinese people have regarded you as their poet and close friend. You enjoy love and reverence. You rank first among foreign writers. You have so many editions of your works published in China. With so many translations and huge sales, which foreign writer or poet can keep pace with you and compete with you! Who can count how many generations of readers, admirers, and translators you have in China? China, which has reformed and opened up, will always love you, always need you, and always respect you! Section 10: Why do you have so many researchers, enthusiasts, followers and readers? Why do your works spread so widely and have such great power? Because your noble and upright personality makes people extremely loved and admired; because your unyielding fighting spirit gives people the inspiration and inspiration to pursue the truth; because your dazzling literary talent gives people unlimited passion and inspiration; because Your profound wisdom can generate thought-provoking and inspiring motivation. Reading and translating your brilliant works can sublimate people's souls, and study your magnificent and immortal life, so that people can understand the true meaning of life: to work tirelessly, create and contribute selflessly like you, to I will always fight unyieldingly like you, life will not end, and the battle will not end! Chapter 11 Father Time pushed the earth around the sun for another two hundred times without stopping. Following the footsteps of Father Time, mankind is about to enter the 21st century. Times are leaping forward, history is advancing, science is developing, and civilization is progressing. However, the readers you have are increasing generation after generation, batch after batch; times are changing, life is changing, fashion is changing, and concepts are changing. However, Your glorious and immortal work is still so fascinating and fascinating.

Because you sang the voice of the people, you sang the sacred hymn of truth, goodness, beauty, because you wielded the sword of truth to pierce the hypocrisy of falsehood, ugliness, and evil, because you have always struggled for the truth in the history of Russia, Because you never cease to sing in the kingdom of heaven in the hearts of the people! Section 12 Today, your name and glorious works have spread not only throughout Russia, but also throughout the mountains and rivers of China, and across the five continents and seas. Today, more than 150 people are being used in every corner of the world. Translating your works into various languages, Pushkin’s fans, researchers, and readers will number tens of millions, hundreds of millions! The torrent of history cannot wash away your eternal monument cast with wisdom. The storms of the times cannot wash away the people's cordial care and infinite respect for you. The motherland and the people will never forget you, and history and friends will never forget you. You will always live in the glorious pages of history. You will always live in the hearts of the people. Ode to love, you belong to Russia, to China, and to the whole world. Fighter of truth, you belong to history, to today, and to the new century. ! Section 13: The progress of the times will never stop, the wheel of history will never turn back, the wings of human ideals will never be broken, and miracles will always appear in the world. Whoever makes immortal contributions to the advancement of the times and the development of history will live forever in the annals of human history and in the hearts of the people; whoever dares to fool the people, laugh at history, create disasters, and despise human dignity, he It will inevitably be judged by history and spurned by the people! The people, and only the people, are the witnesses of the most just and selfless history. History, and only history, has the most supreme and supreme power of judgment. This is the irresistible dialectic that history uses to identify falsehood and evil and punish evil. This is the people. The invincible logic that judges truth, goodness and beauty and promotes justice! Section 14 Dear genius, your predictions have become living realities. Dear sage, your ideals have turned into amazing miracles. Please believe that power and tyranny will definitely burn in flames. Turned into ashes in the fire, please believe that a brand new world will inevitably rise on the land cultivated by the people! At that time, the deep painful groans of the people under the cruel tyranny will no longer be heard. At that time, the home of mankind will no longer have the flames of war that kill each other and destroy all living beings. At that time, there will only be civilization, progress, development, Prosperity, peace and friendship. When the time comes for happiness, please come with Muse, the goddess of poetry, and Bacchus, the god of wine, to participate in the celebration of the new world, and to celebrate the foundation of the new century! The vivid and vivid summary of this poem deepens Pushkin's life and expresses the author's admiration.