Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I heard Tao, so I learned from it. After I was born, I learned Tao, and I learned from Tao first. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid?
Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; Being a teacher in it is shameful. Confused! The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.
Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year and in the same way." Humble is shameful, and being an official is close to contempt. Oh! Teacher's way is unknown! Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.
Translation:
In ancient times, people who studied and asked questions must have teachers. Teachers are people who teach truth, impart professional knowledge and solve difficult problems. People are not born to understand reason, who can have no problems? If you have a problem but don't ask the teacher for advice, those problems that become difficult will not be solved after all. Born in front of me, he understood the truth earlier than me, so I followed him and regarded him as a teacher. Born behind me, he understood the truth before me, so I learned from him. I study truth. Who cares if he was born before or after me? Therefore, regardless of status and age, where there is truth, there is a teacher.
Alas! The tradition of learning from teachers has not been inherited for a long time, so it is difficult for people to have no problems! Ancient saints far exceeded the average person, but they still followed the teacher for advice; Ordinary people nowadays are not as far away as saints, but it is a shame to learn from teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. This is probably the reason why saints become saints and fools become fools. People love their children and choose teachers to teach them; For myself, refusing to learn from teachers is really confusing. Those children's teachers are teachers who teach children to read and learn sentences from books, not teachers who teach truth and explain difficult problems as I said. If you don't know the sentences in the book, you can learn from the teacher. You can't explain the difficult question, but you don't ask the teacher. You learn small things and discard big things. I don't see how they understand reason. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen of all kinds don't think it's embarrassing to learn from each other. As soon as this kind of person who studies and is an official hears that someone is commensurate with "teacher" and "student", many people gather together to laugh at others. Asked why they did this, they said, "He is about the same age as him, and he has about the same knowledge. It is shameful to say that people with low status are teachers and people with high status are teachers, which is close to flattery. " Alas! The tradition of learning from teachers cannot be restored, as can be seen from here. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are all looked down upon by the so-called elite. Isn't it strange that those "elites" are not as wise as these people now?
A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius studied under Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. These people are not as talented as Confucius in morality. Confucius said, "When three people walk together, one of them can be my teacher." So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily better than students. Knowing the truth is the first priority, and the skills business has its own research and expertise, but that's all.
Pan, the son of the Li family, is seventeen years old this year. He likes ancient Chinese. He learned all the classics and annotations of the Six Classics, and was not bound by customs. He came to learn from me. I praised him for practicing the ancient method of learning from teachers and wrote this "Teacher's Talk" as a gift to him.
Appreciate:
Appreciation of Shi Shuo
Han Yu's On Teachers is the first article devoted to teachers in the history of Chinese education. China is a country with a tradition of respecting teachers. The ancients used "heaven, earth, monarch, relatives and teachers" to express their respect for teachers. "Heaven" and "earth" are all empty, and the teacher ranks third after the monarch and parents, which shows its importance. Teachers are messengers of spreading human civilization. Without teachers, the fire of human civilization cannot be passed on. Seeing this, Han Yu was deeply dissatisfied with the social atmosphere of being ashamed of following the teacher formed from Wei and Jin Dynasties until the Tang Dynasty. He bravely stood up and pointed out that teachers have the important role of "preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts". Han Yu put "preaching" first. What does "preaching" mean? Is to carry forward the orthodox thought with Confucian classics as the core. Han Yu pointed out in the article "The Original Road" that "there are gentlemen and villains in the Road, but there is the virtue of bad luck". He clearly pointed out that what he said was not the way of Laozi, nor the way of Buddhism, but the way of Confucianism, that is, "If you want to leave tomorrow in the past, rule your country first." If you want to govern your country, you should unite your family first. If you want to keep your family together, you should trim your body first. If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first. If you want to be right, you must be sincere. "Self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and calming the world are the core of Confucianism, which has been regarded as a standard for generations. Han Yu's mission is to spread this "Tao". Therefore, the understanding of Tao is a key to the interpretation of Shi Shuo, and "receiving karma" is also the karma of Confucianism; Solving doubts "refers to answering the doubts encountered by scholars in the process of learning Confucianism." The connotation and extension of the three are not beyond the scope of Confucianism, so Han Yu said: "The boy's teacher and the scholar who teaches and learns his sentences are not what I said to explain his confusion." This strictly distinguishes the difference between the two, and actually points out the core of the topic.
As for the writing characteristics of this article, the most prominent is the use of contrast. Scholars in the Song Dynasty wrote in Huang Ri Chao: "(Teacher's Note) starts from the front and ends at the back, and there are three sections in the middle, all of which have the ratio of light and heavy: the first is more stupid than the sage, and the sage is stupid." The second time, comparing the son with the body, the son chose the teacher. Where's the body? At the end of the day, witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers are compared to literati. Witches, musicians and hundreds of workers learn from them. Where's the scholar-bureaucrat "Huang Zhen used the word" light and heavy ",which is extremely subtle! Which is "light"? What is "phase contrast"? Sages, bodies and scholars are "heavy", while fools, children, witches and acrobatics are "light." Contrast "is contrast. Compare lightness with heaviness, so as to illustrate the necessity and importance of learning from teachers.
But I think we should go further. Why did Han Yu list three groups? No suspicion of warts? In my opinion, the contrast between "ancient sages" and "modern people" is far and near, up and down. The purpose is to distinguish the causes of saints and fools, and emphasize that saints have an open-minded quality, so people should learn from them. However, it is somewhat unrealistic to demand people with such "high standards" as saints. So the second contrast appeared: children were asked to follow the teacher, but they were ashamed to follow the teacher. You should set an example for your children, not be strict with them, but be tolerant of yourself. This is an issue of concern, appropriate and practical, which enhances the persuasiveness. Witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers have low status. It is these people who are looked down upon by scholar-officials who also have the qualities of learning from teachers like saints. At this point, the reader suddenly realized that the first contrast is to compare the saints who are higher than themselves, the second contrast is to compare the things around them, and the third contrast is to compare the people who are lower than themselves. Whether you are higher than yourself or lower than yourself, you have the quality of being a teacher. Even children have this quality, but "yourself" does not have this quality! This tore off the false mask of the scholar-officials who were ashamed to learn from their teachers and made them feel ashamed.
Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I heard Tao, so I learned from it. After I was born, I learned Tao, and I learned from Tao first. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Where there are three people, there must be a teacher. "So, disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have heard the word one after another, and they specialize in their skills. That's all.