The moonlight shines on the river and the whole Tang Dynasty —— Appreciation of Zhang's Moonlit Night on the Spring River
Zhang has only two poems in the whole Tang Dynasty, which is really unremarkable among the poets in the Tang Dynasty. But those who truly love Tang poetry and Song poetry must know Zhang He's famous poem "A Moonlit Night on a Spring River".
It is said that the title of "Moonlit Night on the Spring River" comes from Chen and is "heartless". However, what Chen actually wrote under this beautiful topic is unknown because his poems have been lost. Yang Di Yang Guang, a dissolute emperor, left two earliest extant poems, Moonlit Night on a Spring River, but only five or four sentences are short and empty. Chen also wrote a poem "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu", which is often mentioned by later generations in literary criticism together with "Moonlit Night on a Spring River". This poem still exists in the world. Although it is seven words, there are only six sentences. Besides, it's disgusting, just like Yang Di, and it's a notorious palace poem.
Palace poems are centered on the court, with eroticism as the content, red and green, piled with incense and jade, flashy, absurd, empty and boring; From Liang Chen to Sui and Tang Dynasties, he dominated the literary world for more than a hundred years, causing darkness in the poetic country and leaving countless evils. The gentry in the Southern Dynasties lived a relatively comfortable life, and they used to write five-character poems as a means to show that they were literati. If they can't write poetry, they will be despised and unable to participate in social activities. Poetry has completely become an ornament of decadent life, and Jian 'an temperament and Wei and Jin character have long since disappeared. The poetry creation in the early Tang Dynasty followed the style of writing in the Southern Dynasties, and the poet "struggled for the strangeness of rhyme, and the ingenuity of a family." Long text, not the shape of moon dew; The backlog is full of cases, but it is only the shape of the wind and cloud. "Even Li Shimin, the founding father of Britain, can't avoid customs, let alone show the boldness of vision in the poem Sunrise by Song Like Mao and Zhao Kuangyin, that is," it's not dark under the sea, and it's not dark on the ground ". "Li Shimin appreciates the literary bath of the poet Zhang Changling, but Zhang Changling and others want to take the imperial examination. Li Shimin asked why, and the examiner said that their writing was not good material, so Li Shimin acquiesced.
He, Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo entered the poetry circle at the same time, and were called the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty. Four outstanding poets played a pioneering role in the transition from classical poetry to regular poetry. Pei Hangjian, who is both civil and military, looks down upon these four men very much, saying that if a scholar wants to make great achievements, he must first rely on knowledge, followed by literature and art. Although Wang Bo has literary talent, he is superficial, unlike appreciating the materials that are blind. Yang Jiong can probably be a magistrate of a county, and it's good that we people can die well. These comments show that the development of new poetry is difficult. The four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty paved the way for the development of new poetry. Du Fu commented on the poems of the Four Masters: "Wang Yang, his contemporaries, were frivolous and never stopped. Second, Cao's name is ruined, and he does not waste rivers and mountains. " This evaluation is not only an objective reflection of the basic attitude of the poetry circle at that time, but also an affirmation of these four excellent poems.
Under the influence of the flashy style of writing in the Six Dynasties, court officials such as Song and Yan became a group of leading figures in poetry. Lu and Wang Luobin have been circling in the aftermath of Qi Liang, while Yang Jiong died early and went to a distant place to be an official, so the achievements of the four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty were not great. Wang Bo, with the highest achievement, left us with only good poems such as "However, China has our friendship and heaven has our neighbors", and there are almost no inspiring good poems, let alone providing a model for poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Perhaps it was Zhang He and his "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" that introduced the Tang Dynasty into the era of poetry.
Mr. Wen Yiduo once spoke highly of this poem: "In front of this poem, all admiration is rap and almost blasphemy." He added, "This is a poem among poems, the peak on the peak. Looking back from here, even Liu Xiyi is a process. Needless to say, Lu and his supporting actor Luo are both from Cheng Li. " It is said that Zhang and his "Moonlit Night on the Spring River" "cooperated with another peak and cleared the way for the prosperous Tang Dynasty-Zhang's contribution is immeasurable."
That's true! "Moonlit Night on the Spring River" is not only rich in the color and style of southern folk songs, but also successfully uses the new poetry meter brewed for nearly a hundred years from Qi Liang to the early Tang Dynasty. It is also the first time to explore the combination of long poems and group rhyme in seven-character poems. The perfect combination of the three provided a good model for later poets. This is certainly a peak.
The composition structure of Moonlit Night on a Spring River is mainly neat, which varies with the clutter. Thirty-six lines of poetry, * * * is divided into nine groups, a group of four sentences, a group of three rhymes, and the other group must use another rhyme, like nine quatrains. This is its neat side. Its intricacy is reflected in the level change of nine rhymes. At the beginning, the first and third groups use flat rhymes, the second and fourth groups use flat rhymes, and then all the 5678 groups use flat rhymes, and finally end with rhymes, interspersed at will, and the tone is neat and not rigid. Syntactically, parallelism, antithesis and flowing pairs are widely used, and the cohesion and integration are wonderful, and the article is full of charm. The theme words of spring, river, flower, moon, night and people in the poem are scattered and overlapped, which brings readers into a dazzling and colorful realm.
Lian Haiping is in the spring tide, and the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide.
I drift thousands of miles, where there is no moon by the river!
In the first four sentences, the interlaced landscape of two spring rivers, two bright moons, two tides and two seas immediately brought people into a magical and wonderful realm. And the last sentence, and laid the groundwork for the whole description of Jiang Yue.
The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the flower forest.
Frost flows in the air, you can't fly, but you can't see the white sand on the pavilion.
There is no dust in the sky on the river, and there is a lonely moon in the sky.
Who saw the moon by the river for the first time? When did Jiang Yue take the photo at the beginning of the year?
Life is endless from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is similar year after year.
I don't know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River delivering water.
We can see that in the second group, the poet wrote about the obscurity of the early moon, and in the third group, he wrote about the bright moon and thought about the ancient friendship. "Who first saw the moon by the river? When was the photo taken at the beginning of Jiangyue? " The poet thought deeply about this round of Jiang Yue, and was deeply moved and confused. Perhaps later, the great poet Li Bai "When is there a moon in the sky?" I want to stop and ask ",and Su Shi" When will there be a bright moon? The poem "Ask Heaven for Wine" is a copy of this sentence. In the fourth group, the phrase "endless life, similar years" is exactly the same as Liu Xiyi's famous phrase "flowers are similar year after year, people are different year after year". Zhang sighed that Jiang Yue is long, his life is short, and he felt that the scenery is still the same, and life is easy to get old. How similar they are! Here, the overlapping of the moon, people and rivers has a beautiful syllable and rhythm, which is intermittent and connected with flying silk, giving people a feeling of simplicity and grandeur. This poetic language form created by the poet later developed into the "nail-nail style" in Sanqu and folk songs, and it still has its moving shadow in China. The white clouds have gone, and Qingfeng is at a loss.