Picking up a pen is an important method for a leader, which can enable you to improve your logical thinking ability, comprehensive analysis ability, overall planning ability, and overall control ability in the process of writing materials. Therefore, it is necessary to learn how to draft materials before taking a leadership position. This is why this course is offered. ?

You must have a good attitude in any job, such as at work, study, and life. Writing leadership speeches, work reports and typical materials also requires a good attitude. This is more important than your hard work and knowledge. As the saying goes, attitude is everything. It coincides with the fraction of the English alphabet. Attitude (attitude, 100 points) gt; hard work (98 points) gt; knowledge (knowledge, 96 points). ?

1. How to write a leadership speech well? (1) What essentials should be mastered in drafting a leadership speech? Some comrades often say, “It is difficult to write a leadership speech, especially it is difficult to write it well. If you want to write it well, Okay, what’s the trick?” My answer is: There is no set method, there is no trick to find, but there are indeed rules to follow, and there are essentials that can be mastered. That is what the ancients said: "If there is a definite body, there will be nothing, and if there is a general body, there will be something." ?

1. Understand and master the types of leadership speeches? (1) Speeches at meetings held to convey the spirit of meetings of superior leadership agencies. Generally speaking, this kind of speech conveys the spirit of the superiors first, and then the unit leaders speak. The central content mainly includes three points: ① The degree of understanding of the spirit of the leadership meeting, and the aspects from which the spirit of the superiors should be thoroughly understood. ② Combine the requirements of superiors with the situation of the unit, put forward requirements, clarify policies, and submit methods. ③Explain clearly what issues should be paid attention to. By grasping these three points and writing level by level, you can write better, at least not irrelevant. ?

(2) Speech at a meeting held by the unit. There are three main situations: ① Speak at the beginning of the meeting. ②Study documents or report work first, and then speak in the middle of the meeting. ③Exchange experiences first, then speak. The writing methods of these three types of conference speeches are different. ?

Type 1 speech at a meeting (speech at the beginning of the meeting): you can analyze the situation and deploy work from the beginning. For example, a comprehensive work arrangement can clearly explain what work has been done in the previous period, what are the main achievements and experiences, what problems still exist, and what work should be done in the next step. For example, when making special work arrangements or deploying a new work, you can clearly explain the meaning, requirements, methods, etc. of the work at the beginning. ?

The second type of speech at a meeting (study documents or report work first, and speak in the middle of the meeting.): Write down the results of the study at the meeting and some situations and problems analyzed from the work, and then submit it. Work arrangements and opinions. ?

Speeches at type ③ meetings (exchange experiences first, then speak.): Generally include the following content. ①What situations were exchanged and what experiences were summarized at the exchange meeting. ②What problems exist that need to be solved? ③ Put forward tasks, requirements and make work arrangements. ?

(3) Speeches at some regular meetings, such as party congresses, workers’ congresses, league congresses and other representative meetings, the main content is to summarize the work and report achievements, experiences and problems , and put forward new ideas and submitted them to the meeting for review. ?

We have mastered these types of speeches. Once we accept the task, we can think about what should be written and have a good idea. ?

2. Make an outline with the right topic? When making an outline, you need to think over and over again and carefully consider it. There are not only big boxes, but also small boxes. How many layers of meaning are written in each small box, and which layer is inside? What height, depth, novelty, etc. are mentioned must be listed. "Height": Mainly from the height of theory and the height of leadership. "Depth": Mainly to explain clearly why we do this and not do that, what is right and what is wrong. "New ideas": It mainly means raising new questions, determining new concepts, and using new language, which is a kind of new knowledge, new generalizations, and new insights that "everyone has in their hearts but not in their writings."

The outline should be as detailed as possible. On the one hand, it is to restrain yourself and prevent you from going off topic. On the other hand, it also provides a "rough" for soliciting opinions from all sides. If you don't pay attention to these, there are two possibilities: (1) The written outline will not pass. (2) The quality of the written speech is not high. ?

3. To write down the characteristics of the unit is to concretize the spirit of the superiors and the tasks, measures, methods deployed, etc. (Example: grassroots unit report summary)?

4. The situation and tasks must be written clearly? Some important meeting speeches must talk about the situation and set tasks, so when writing, you must work hard to write down the situation and tasks. , otherwise it will not be clear. Talk about the situation: Careful analysis should be done based on the actual situation of the unit. Set tasks: According to the spirit of the superior meeting, focus on how to understand and creatively implement it, talk more about specific requirements and come up with some reformative methods. ?

5. Solicit opinions extensively and revise repeatedly. If you have enough time, you should go to some people for discussion with the problems to be solved and listen to opinions from all sides before writing the first draft. After the first draft is formed, print out the discussion draft, solicit comments, and then revise it to improve quality. The manuscript has been revised. No matter how thoughtful, detailed, and comprehensive a person thinks, there will inevitably be limitations. It is very necessary for several people to discuss together, inspire each other, and broaden their minds. In particular, party committee written materials, compared with other written materials, pay more attention to ideological, overall, rigorous and normative nature, and emphasize height, depth and novelty, so they have their own special requirements. The party committee's written materials need to be very rigorous and standardized. They must be refined and perfected. One more word is a burden, and one word less is a defect. Some people vividly say that there is one word for urban construction (demolition), one word for doctors and doctors (exclusion), and one word for written materials (revision). ?

(2) When drafting a leader’s speech, it is necessary to accurately understand the leader’s intention and master the leadership style. For drafting a speech, the leader’s intention is the main purpose of the speech. The entire task of the drafter is to accurately understand and express leadership intentions, and to creatively deepen and expand leadership intentions. (Working without Yidong will result in wasted effort. Speech at the system construction work meeting) Focus on understanding and mastering: leaders’ ideas and requirements on “what to write” and “how to write” in speech drafts; leaders’ thinking habits; leadership The leader’s working methods and personality traits; the leader’s language style. Understanding the leader's intentions is not something that can be achieved overnight. It requires long-term and unremitting efforts. In particular, one must be good at trying to figure out the leader's intentions through various channels. So, how can we figure out the leader’s intentions? I feel that one needs to "track". Listen to and memorize the speeches of leaders on various occasions and at different times. For example, try your best to participate in some meetings with leading comrades, and find out the leadership's ideas in a timely manner. In particular, you should write down immediately what the leader said off-script; for example, when following the leader to conduct grassroots research, you should seriously consider his impromptu speech Record carefully and ponder carefully. As time goes by, through the accumulation of bits and pieces, it is connected into a chapter. Generally speaking, one must be good at discovering big topics from the leader’s fragmentary or even casual remarks. Not only listen and memorize, but also observe with eyes, and dig out the things behind the words through scenes, expressions, and actions, so that you can understand them. Generate associations, use topics to develop, and spread out from there. The second is "processing". We must dare and be good at processing the leader's views and go through a process of re-creation. How to "process", the usual techniques are: ① "Sublimation method", cutting and decorating reasonably; ② Foreshadowing method, looking forward and backward, and placing it in a certain context (leadership theory has the ability). The third is "communication". There should be "two-way communication" with the leader, for example, through the outline. Frequently exchange views, discuss issues on an equal footing, inspire each other, communicate feelings, and create a "sound" between each other. That is to say, you need to know what issues the leader wants to talk about and what issues he wants to talk about on different occasions and meetings. To what extent, etc. There are no examples in history of understanding leadership intentions (Tian Jiaying). ?

It is very important to master the leader’s speech style once the leader’s intention is determined.

At least two aspects of consistency must be considered:?

1. The wording and tone of the speech are consistent with the leader's temperament and demeanor. Everyone has their own temperament and demeanor. A good speech manuscript not only makes people feel the depth of thinking of leading cadres, and provides inspiration and education, but also makes people feel the personal temperament, style and charm of leading cadres, giving people beautiful enjoyment. The older generation of revolutionary leaders set an example in this regard. Comrade Mao Zedong's speeches are magnificent, flowing, and literary, making people feel the grandeur and profound cultural accomplishment; Comrade Deng Xiaoping's speeches are short, concise, and to the point, embodying profound philosophy in simple narratives, making people feel Pragmatic spirit and courageous style. We just have to grasp the leadership's temperament and demeanor and draft speeches of different styles in order to achieve good results. In addition, leading cadres at different levels use theories at different levels and from different angles. The higher the level of a leader's speech, the stronger the theoretical principles and the higher the level of reasoning, reasoning and narrative; and the basic point and positioning of a leader's speech of a grassroots unit or a department, in addition to being in line with one's own identity, should also be key Focus on knowing the "higher emotions", understanding the "lower emotions", and grasping the "combination". That is to grasp the speeches and requirements of superior organizations and leading comrades on related matters; analyze and grasp the attitude and current situation of the unit and department towards similar matters; combine their own characteristics to do a good job in organization, command, guidance and coordination, with the focus on doing a good job implementation. (The upper-level leaders talk about the truth, and the lower-level leaders talk about the situation.)?

2. The transparency of the speech’s views and the angle of expression should be consistent with the leader’s preferences. Some people like to go straight to the point, get to the point and hit the nail on the head (Deng Xiaoping) when expressing their views; some people like to beat around the bush and make people think (Mao Zedong), and so on. Therefore, when drafting a leader's speech, we should determine the transparency and expression of opinions based on his personality and hobbies, and try to be as close to the leader's personality as possible. For example, if you like "one sentence has one meaning", you should pay attention to using more single sentences and short sentences, making them short, powerful, concise and clear. Some people like logical reasoning, so they need to use long and complex sentences appropriately, and add modifying elements to express complex truths. Here are a few short stories that reflect the different results brought about by different ways of expression. (The story of being kidnapped; the story of running out of ammunition and food; the story of repeated defeats; the story of being beaten for telling the truth;). ?

As a person who drafts a speech, in order to achieve consistency in the above two aspects, he must possess three qualities: 1. Extensive knowledge structure. This is the key to writing speeches for different audiences and content. 2. Detailed psychological analysis. You should learn more about leadership psychology and conduct a comprehensive psychological analysis of the leader's temperament, demeanor, personality, hobbies, knowledge, and eloquence before drafting. 3. Consciously transfer the subject. Before drafting, there should be a process of subject transfer, that is, the drafter should enter the role of the leader, act as the leader's "outside brain", think about problems, make suggestions, and come up with ideas for the leader. To achieve the goal of "one's worth should not be higher than others, but one's views should be one step above others". Do things with a high profile and be a low-key person. ("Pick up the pen and I will be the best in the world, put down the pen and be an honest man")?

Here I will focus on the issue of conscious subject transfer. In order to draft a good leadership speech, you must consciously put yourself in the position of the leader when drafting the speech, and analyze and establish "what should be said and what should not be said" and "how should be said and what should not be said" from the leadership's perspective. speak". To put it figuratively, it is "becoming a leader behind closed doors", but its essence is to simulate leadership. The more realistic the simulation is, the more it will match the leader’s “taste”. As the saying goes, "One minute on stage, ten years off stage." To "act the role well" when writing, you usually have to "get into the role." There is a saying that "If you are not in your position, you will not seek to achieve your goals." However, comrades who are responsible for drafting speeches for leaders must "not be in their positions and learn to seek their policies." We must consciously develop the habit of "pacing squarely" and thinking about big things. All major issues that leaders understand should be understood, and all important issues that leaders consider should be considered. In particular, attention should be paid to the understanding and consideration of the overall work.

However, whether in peacetime or in the drafting process, drafters must consciously position themselves and correctly handle "advice" and "participation", "providing advice" and "decision-making", "doing things" and "doing things" In the relationship between "chief" and "offside", please remember "offside" and "foul". We must always remember that we are "speaking for" the leaders, and it is the leaders who "speak". What to say and how to say it can only be decided by the leaders in the end. This requires an accurate grasp of the situation. First, you cannot be smart and replace the leader's opinions with your own subjective imagination; secondly, you cannot be self-righteous. When your suggestions are rejected by the leader, you are still stubborn and even complain and tell weird things. It's not okay and it's wrong. When I usually draft leadership speeches, I have a habit of paying great attention to "writing while speaking" rather than "speaking while writing". ?

(3) Two important relationships must be properly handled when drafting leadership speeches? 1. The relationship between content and form. Just like building a house, you need good building materials and a good design framework. Therefore, for a wonderful speech, we must pay attention to the unity of content and form. The form mentioned here is the structure of the speech. Of course, the structure is determined by the content, but only a clever layout of the structure can enhance the logical power of the content. Add color and sparkle to the content. ?

2. The relationship between ideas and materials. The speech must promote views and opinions, which relies on judgment and reasoning, and generally uses the method of narrative and argument. When it comes to ideas and materials, there are usually two problems: one is that there is little material, the observation is not profound, and there is a lack of specific analysis; the other is a lack of generalization and a lack of height. How to solve this problem? That requires a large amount of material, and on this basis, it is necessary to conduct scientific analysis and give a high-level summary of the understanding from practice. The more scientific the analysis is, the closer the summary is to reality, and only then can the viewpoint and material be unified. When writing an article, use materials to prove the topic. Be careful and use one as ten. The more precise the materials, the better. This is very similar to killing enemies on the battlefield. The material is bullets and the theme is to destroy the enemy. If you can hit the enemy's heart with one bullet, there is no need to add another shot to each arm and leg. ?

Here we focus on how to capture viewpoints. One of the most basic methods is to be good at accumulating correct, distinct, sharp and powerful opinions. But carefully absorbing opinions from the wisdom of leaders is a shortcut. There are four main methods:?

First, capture the views from the leader’s words. Regarding a problem, a job, or an activity, leaders often express some fragmented and fragmented views. Although these views are sometimes not comprehensive or complete, they often hit the point and tell the essence in just a few words. In this regard, we must carefully ponder, carefully analyze, pay attention to accumulation, and work hard to refine, repair, and store fresh, incisive, and original ideas for future use. (Secretary Kong talks about the purpose of restructuring. One family.)?

The second is to extract opinions from the leaders’ speeches in long paragraphs. Sometimes leaders express their feelings about a certain issue or a certain period of work. Often, they are inspired and burst out with inspiration, and deliver long or even long speeches. Most of these are the words of leading comrades who have rigorously thought and accumulated many years of experience. They are powerful in words, rich in content, and have clear and profound views. For example, Secretary Kong talked about four institutional obstacles and four new contradictions: system, resources, loss turnaround, and strategic cooperation. In this regard, according to the characteristics and types of the content he talked about, we should sort out the context, draw out the bones, arrange them clearly, and use them as needed. Pick. ?

3. Take ideas from the manuscript drafted by the leader himself. Some leaders often take a break from their busy schedule to write their own manuscripts. Because these manuscripts are written by leaders, they most clearly reflect the leaders’ ideological viewpoints and provide us with the richest and most direct materials for studying leadership ideas and grasping leadership viewpoints. Pick up the opinions from these articles and use one as ten to get twice the result with half the effort. ?

(4) Be cautious when drafting leadership speeches? Drafters must proceed from the principles of maintaining unity, maintaining the image of the leadership, and conducive to career development, and consider the negative impact of the words after they are spoken, and be cautious Treat and think carefully. Specifically, we must grasp the following aspects: ① Seek truth from facts in understanding and judging the overall situation of a period.

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The third is to change pile-up into deliberation. Some speech drafts may look okay at first glance, but if you analyze them carefully, they feel that something is wrong. What's the problem? The key is to write layer by layer without logic, which is what people often say: "the first sentence, the last sentence" and "the donkey's lip is not the horse's mouth". This is caused by insufficient use of brains and piling up. Analyze carefully, and good articles have inherent rules in terms of levels, one layer after another, one link after another, and everything is logical. This requires that when we write a speech, we should not just write it wherever we think. We should sort out several levels according to the content of the leader's speech, or from low to high, or from small to large, or from virtual to real, etc. There is regularity and a sense of hierarchy. As long as drafters put real effort into writing, they will definitely be able to improve the quality of their drafted manuscripts. (Finally, check whether the number of pages and binding are standardized.)?

The fourth is to do the eight taboos. ① Avoid working behind closed doors. ② Avoid hearsay. ③ Avoid exaggeration. ④ Avoid jumping to conclusions. ⑤ Avoid transplanting flowers and trees. (Move time, move place, move process, move result). ⑥ Avoid vague terms. ⑦ Avoid admiring one's own beauty (only stupid crows think they are the most beautiful among birds, and the truly beautiful phoenix is ??always cleaning its feathers.) ⑧ Avoid robbing others of their beauty (taking what others have written as your own) . ?

There are three parts to writing: introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should be concise, the main body should be detailed, and the ending should be sublime. ?

Finally, we should pay attention to using five standards to measure the quality of the speech: what to do, why to do it, how to do it, who will do it, and to what extent. ?

2. How to draft a work report? (1) Functions of a work report? The work report is the main item of the conference, and its functions include the following aspects: ?

1 , Report work to the leaders and the masses of the system; ?

2. Convey relevant instructions or most important documents from superior authorities; ?

3. Deploy work and propose next work goals and principle requirements; ?

4. Mobilize the masses to actively participate in a certain work. ?

(2) Characteristics of work reports ? 1. Comprehensiveness ?

The work report is a comprehensive report on the basic work of the unit, the system, and the department. It has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, systematicness, and overall overview. Therefore, work reports are generally divided into several large parts, reporting and deploying the work from different aspects and angles, and the length is generally relatively long. In particular, the work reports made by the unit's administrative head at the workers' congress and the work reports made by the party committee leader at the party committee meeting involve a long time, a large space, many issues, and heavy weight. ?

2． Collective will?

Although the work report is delivered by a certain leader at the conference, the content of the report is not only the reporter’s personal thoughts, opinions and attitudes, it is the collective will of the leadership organization. Reflection, at this point, it is essentially different from leadership speeches that mainly represent personal will. Therefore, the work report must go through collective discussion from initial conception to revision and finalization, and must be approved at the leadership team meeting before it can be presented at the conference. It can be said that the writing process of the work report is an implementation process of democratic centralism. ?

3. Ideological guidance?

General conference work reports generally do not have specific directives, but they have very distinctive ideological guidance characteristics. Correctly evaluate past work, clarify the current situation and tasks, unify thoughts and understandings, and propose future tasks and goals on this basis, so as to unify steps and actions after the conference. This is the basic function of the work report. ?

(3) Types of work reports ? 1. Reporting work report?

When the term of a leadership body has expired, and before the election and replacement at this conference, the work report made by the previous leader is generally a reporting work report.

For example, the work report at the party's congress must summarize and report on the main work since the last congress. ?

2． Communicative work report ?

The focus of the communicative work report is a work report that conveys the party and the country's principles, policies, laws, resolutions, as well as important instructions from superior authorities and the spirit of important meetings. ?

3. Deployment work report?

The content of this kind of work report focuses on mobilizing and deploying the next stage of work, clarifying the purpose, tasks, purposes, and significance of work activities. Wei Jianxing's report at the Second Plenary Session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in 1998 fell into this type. ?

(4) Format of the work report? 1. Title, time, title?

(1) Title?

The title of the work report has a single There are two basic forms: title and double title. ?

There are two situations for a single title: one is composed of the nature of the report and the language type, such as "Government Work Report"; the other is composed of the name of the meeting and the language type, such as "Report on the Group Company Employees' Congress" 》. ?

The double title is to summarize the main content or main spirit of the report into one sentence as the main title, and the subtitle consists of the speaker, conference name, and language type. For example, "Standing at a new starting point, studying new situations, giving full play to new advantages, and providing a strong guarantee for the group company to achieve new leaps and new developments - Comrade xx's report at the XX year party committee work conference of the group company." ?

(2) Time ?

The time of the work report is located in the center under the title, enclosed in parentheses. ?

(3) Title?

The title is written on the top left before the main text. It is usually written as: "Dear representatives", "Comrades of the entire factory, cadres, workers and comrades", "All teachers and staff" Delegates", party meetings, usually just "comrades". ?

2. Text?

(1) Beginning?

The beginning of the conference work report can be written in the following ways: ?

① The rapporteur submits a request to the conference for review of the report. This is the format commonly used when the main person in charge makes a work report at the employee representative conference. Specifically, it can be written as: "Now, on behalf of the board of directors of XX Group Company, I will make a work report to the conference, please review it."?

② Clarify the meaning and theme of the meeting. This is a commonly used way of writing the work report of the Party Congress. For example, the beginning of the work report delivered by *** at the xx National Congress: ?

"Now, on behalf of the 14th Central Committee, I make a report to the congress. ?

China ** *The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is an extremely important conference. It is at the turn of the century. It inherits the past and opens up the future. It ensures that the whole party inherits Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s legacy and unswervingly follows the correct line since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The theme of the conference is to hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and comprehensively advance the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century. ?

The banner issue. It is crucial. The flag is the direction, and the flag is the image. To adhere to the line since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee is to hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory. After the death of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, the whole party must have a high degree of consciousness on this issue. ?

To fully advance our cause into the 21st century, we must seize opportunities without losing them, forge ahead without being conservative. Focusing on economic construction as the center, economic system reform must There are new breakthroughs, the reform of the political system must continue to deepen, the construction of spiritual civilization must be effectively strengthened, and all aspects must cooperate with each other to achieve economic development and comprehensive social progress?

Determining such a theme is the requirement of the times. The aspirations of the people."?

Such an opening, with a high-level view and a grand spirit, embodies the victory belief and optimistic prospects of the party's cause.

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③Suggest the main work points straight to the point. This is a common way to start a report on deployment workability. For example: "The general requirements for building a clean government and anti-corruption work this year are:...". ?

(2) Main body ?

As the part that fully develops the content of the report, the main body will be written differently due to different types of reports and different focuses. ?

If it is a reporting work report, the subject should comprehensively summarize the work achievements and existing problems during the term of office or a specific period, and propose future plans and practical methods and measures. ?

If it is a work report that conveys principles, policies, resolutions, and instructions, the main body is to paraphrase and explain the relevant spirit, and propose specific plans for implementation. ?

If it is a deployment work report, the subject should list the main work, tasks, and goals, and also provide methods, steps, measures, and requirements. ?

(3) Ending ?

The ending is generally used to express determination, raise hopes, issue a call, or put forward implementation requirements. ?

(5) How to write the summary part of the work report? This is a very important part. Let’s focus here today. ?

The general writing method is mainly divided into four parts: ?

Part 1: Overview of the process?

This part mainly writes about the work process for a period of time, which can be divided into time periods. Summarize in sequence, or summarize according to work content. It should not be too many words, but it should be concise and to the point. This text is generally concentrated in one paragraph, which is the opening sentence or introduction of the summary part. Its content should serve as a reminder of the general outline of the full text. ?

Part 2: Summary of achievements?

This part is a summary of achievements. Data should be presented in an organized and orderly manner, facts should be stated, comparisons should be made, and the unit, Write down the main achievements of the department during this period. If there are many achievements and they are relatively trivial, then you have to summarize them and write them in a few items to capture the main achievements. You cannot cover everything and write it down as a running account. A small point should be considered at the beginning of each question, or it can be summarized into a subtitle. Each question should be separated by serial numbers such as one, two, three, and four, so that people can see it more clearly. At the same time, when writing results, you should use a straightforward expression method, use practical language, and use less discussion. You should use more data, cite more facts, and let the facts speak for themselves. The length of this part depends on the content. It should be longer or shorter, depending on the performance. Generally speaking, if you summarize it well, it won't be too long. If it is too long, it will be empty, and no one will see the empty thing.