Historical age
The Han Dynasty, which appeared after the short Qin Dynasty in China's history, was divided into two historical periods: the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-9 AD) and the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 AD-220 AD), which later historians also called the Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty was founded by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, with Chang 'an as its capital. The Eastern Han Dynasty was founded by Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital. In the meantime, there was a short-lived Wang Mang who represented the self-reliant new dynasty of the Han Dynasty (9- 23 AD). In addition, some scholars also listed Shu Han as a continuation of the Han Dynasty and classified it as a part of the Han Dynasty. They believe that Shu Han continued the local separatist regime of the Han Dynasty, so the Han Dynasty died in 263, but most of them put the Shu Han regime established by Shu Han Emperor Liu Bei into the history of the Three Kingdoms.
Geographical division
the jingchu culture
Jingchu culture is one of the most basic cultural types for the formation and development of China culture. Mainly distributed in the vast area of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, it was the local culture of the area where Liu Bang was born at that time. Fengyi was originally a territory of the Song Dynasty, and later set up its capital here (so Fengxian County is known as "the hometown of Henkel, the legacy of the ancient Song Dynasty").
Qilu culture
Qilu culture is Confucian culture. Its region is the lower reaches of the Yellow River with Mount Tai as the center. This area is mainly engaged in agriculture and silk weaving, and is rich in fish and salt because of its proximity to the sea, thus forming the cultural and customary characteristics of this area. "Its vulgarity is slow and wide, but it is full of wisdom, easy to talk about, important, difficult to shake, afraid of people fighting, brave to hold thorns, and the hometown people are also the wind of a big country"; "Zou Lubin, however, still has the legacy of the Duke of Zhou. He is vulgar and good at Confucianism, and he is prepared with gifts, so he is dirty."
For Liu Bang, Jingchu culture and Qilu culture are all familiar with the heart, and whether they are respected or not depends on the current situation. On the surface, likes and dislikes do not represent the level of education. To be exact, a large part of China culture comes from Qilu culture, that is, Confucian culture.
Zhongyuan culture
Central Plains culture is China culture. This culture is mainly produced in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, where there is a prominent and civilized farming culture. Moreover, in the history of the Chinese nation, this region is relatively developed in politics, economy and culture, and has become the cradle of the formation and development of the Chinese nation.
Guanzhong culture
Guanzhong culture is Sanqin culture. This cultural concept was born and formed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Weishui River Basin, where the soil is thousands of miles, farmland is the best crop, and farming culture was formed earlier.
Northern culture
Northern culture is also Yanzhao culture. This cultural concept mainly originated from the Haihe River basin in the north, including Zhao, Zhongshan, Yan and northern areas in the Spring and Autumn Period. This kind of regional culture has something in common with the Central Plains culture, and is influenced by the nomadic culture of Xiongnu beyond the Great Wall, making it more bold and unconstrained.
Other cultures
In addition to the above five cultural subjects, there are Bashu culture, Wuyue culture and Lingnan Yue subculture, all of which have a certain influence on the formation of Chinese culture. At the same time, it was more influenced by the later Han culture, forming a unified "unified Han culture" in China. Before the establishment of the Han Dynasty, cultural differences in China greatly restricted regional exchanges and the development of various undertakings. After Qin Shihuang unified China, under the advocacy of Li Si and others, although the cultural status quo of "different fields, different roads, different laws, different clothes, different sounds and different characters" in the Warring States period was reformed, this work could not be changed overnight like a war, but it would take a long time for cultures from all directions to blend together, and a hundred schools of thought contended with each other and eventually condensed into the culture of the Chinese nation. Chinese characters, Chinese language and China culture come from hundreds of ethnic groups, which have influenced in all directions and have had a far-reaching impact on the consolidation and development of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.
classify
think
Inheritance and change
In the early Han Dynasty, the academic thought circle inherited the Qin law, but in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it resumed the state of coexistence, because after the death of Qin, the obstacles to the study of academic thought were lifted. Although the Qin Dynasty's "Carrying Calligraphy" and "Demon Talking Order" were not abolished until Huidi and Lu Houshi, in fact, before they were abolished, the government did not pay much attention to the study of academic thoughts. Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Yin and Yang School and Zong Heng were still active in the early Han Dynasty, but after the middle period, due to the advocacy of the government, the academic circles began to focus on Confucian classics.
Thought of governing the country in han dynasty. Legalism was adopted in the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Han Dynasty, mainly using the Taoist thoughts of Huang Lao. During the Wenjing period, Confucianism and Legalism were supplemented as the guiding ideology of the legal system, which not only emphasized inaction, but also paid attention to the role of etiquette and morality. It not only recognizes the importance of law, but also insists on simplifying the law and serving the people. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the rulers established the legal guiding ideology of Confucianism as orthodox thought, supplemented by legalist thought, and its center was "morality as the main punishment", that is, moral education was first carried out, and then punishment was imposed. This way of governing the country with both rigidity and softness became the guiding ideology of the legal system of the Han Dynasty after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. This thought has a great influence on the legislation of later generations. Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, once famously said: "The Han family has its own system, and its system is based on hegemony." This is an incisive exposition of this idea.
As early as the Qin Shihuang period, many documents destroyed by burning books and burying Confucianism were reproduced through the records of scholars in the Han Dynasty.
Dong Zhongshu was a thinker, philosopher, politician and educator in Han Dynasty.
It was also at this time that the ancient Chinese history including the Five Classics was excavated and sorted out. Confucian classics in the early Han Dynasty were all taught privately. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's idea of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", Confucian classics became the academic mainstream, with more and more scholars. Because different scholars have different understandings and memories of Confucian classics, Confucian classics are also divided into different schools. During the period, there were five scholars with a neutral attitude in the business school, namely Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Chunqiu and 12 doctors. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was increased to fourteen doctors. Scholars respect teachers and respect Taoism, and generations do not change, so the division of schools is becoming stricter and stricter.