Wu Sangui (1612-1678) is long. A native of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, his ancestral home was Gaoyou, Jiangsu. Wu Ju was born in Jinzhou, and the company commander was Wu Xiangzi, who was in command because of his exploits and his father's shadow. In August of the fourth year of Chongzhen (163 1), Huang taiji launched the "Battle of Daling River", and Wu Xiang fled when he went to aid, leading to the collapse of the whole army. Zu Dashou went to Qing Dynasty, Sun Chengzong went, Wu Xiang went to prison, and Wu Sangui served as the company commander of Liaodong. According to historical records, Wu Sangui was the last combative warrior in the late Ming Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), at the beginning of March, Li Zicheng broke Datong and was sure to approach Beijing. Emperor Chongzhen's scud named him Pingxibo, which made him give up Ningyuan (now Xingcheng, Liaoning Province) and go to Wei, and used Wu Xiang as the prefect of Beijing camp. Wu Sangui was ordered to enter Beijing and arrived at Shanhaiguan on 16th. On the way, he "unhurriedly postponed, simply read and rode". When he arrived in Feng Runshi, Hebei Province on the 20th, the peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng had entered Beijing, and Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan (Jingshan Park). Beijing fell, Wu Sangui withdrew and surrendered to Shanhaiguan. After Li Zicheng, he was surrendered many times. Wu Sangui hesitated, because his concubine Chen Yuanyuan was robbed by Li Zicheng, so he wrote to Prince Dourgen of Qingrui, asking the Qing soldiers to enter the customs for Li. Li Zicheng was afraid that the Qing soldiers would enter the customs and decided to "destroy Wu". /kloc-in April of 0/3, he sent more than 200,000 troops led by Li Zicheng to Shanhaiguan to attack Wu Sangui. Wu Jun was defeated at the beginning of the battle of Shanhaiguan on the 22nd. Wu Sangui turned to Dourgen for help and led the Qing army into the customs. Wu Sangui and the Qing army jointly defeated Li Zicheng in the battle of one stone. Legend has it that my beloved concubine Chen Yuanyuan was kidnapped and robbed by Li Zicheng, and Wu Meicun has a poem to prove it: "All three armed forces mourn their loss, and when they are angry, they rush to the crown." ) was sealed by the Qing dynasty. Soon he became a pioneer of the Qing army, pursued Li Zicheng and suppressed the anti-Qing peasant army in Shaanxi and Sichuan. In the 14th year of Qing Shunzhi (1657), General Pingxi and Doni of Qing army attacked Yunnan, Guizhou and other areas in Nanming. In sixteen years, the Qing court ordered him to guard Yunnan, led troops into Myanmar, and forced the king of Myanmar to hand over Li Yong, the emperor of Nanming. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), Wu Sangui killed Li Yong, the emperor of Nanming, in Kunming, and was made a prince by the Qing court, which also managed Guizhou, forming a separatist force. Geng, the king of Jingnan guarding Fujian, and Shang Kexi, the king of Pingnan guarding Guangdong, all echoed his letter and became self-respecting San Francisco. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi, due to insufficient taxes, the court ordered Wu Sangui to reduce its troops. Wu Sangui reduced the number of green camp and defectors from 60,000 to 24,000, leaving only elite troops. In the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), the Qing court ordered the withdrawal of vassals. Wu Sangui rebelled after hearing the news. Claiming to be the King of Zhou, the commander of the world's land and water marshals, and the general Lu of Xingming, he issued a campaign to unite Pingnan, Jingnan Shangzhixin, Jingnan Geng, General Guangxi and Shaanxi magistrate Wang to call for anti-Qing and invade Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Fujian and Guangdong provinces. The war spread to Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, known as the San Francisco Rebellion. The Qing government deployed heavy troops to suppress the rebellion and gradually turned the tide. In the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), Wu Sangui proclaimed himself emperor in Hengzhou, Hunan Province, with the title of Dayuan Zhaowu. He died in Changsha in the autumn of the same year. His grandson Wu Shizhen succeeded to the throne and retired to Yunnan. In the twentieth year of Kangxi (168 1), Kunming was besieged, Wu Shifan committed suicide, and the rest surrendered.

As a Han Chinese, Wu Sangui has been colluding with the Manchu Dynasty, so his behavior has always been regarded as a portrayal of "traitors" in the history of China. Zhang Maoji's "Occasionally Reading History" in Qing Dynasty: "Li Ling has been worried for a long time and has been paid for 30 years? Why did Qin Shihuang die again when Chu failed to recover first? Dan Xin has long been a beauty, and it is hard to forgive white-haired people in history. The horn should be sleepless all night and you can miss your family. "

Wu Sangui and "Yuanyuanqu"

After the Qing Dynasty, Wu Sangui was satirized by literati, the most famous of which was Yuan Yuanqu by Wu.

When the world blamed Wu Sangui's defection on on the exile of his beloved concubine, Chen Yuanyuan, which made Wu Sangui betray the country in order to recapture the Chen family, he satirized the modern people with poems and wrote a seven-character poem "Song of Sorrow", pointing out that Chen Yuanyuan did nothing harmful to the country, and the responsibility should be in Wu Sangui.

Wang Guowei, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, compared Yuanqu with Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, but thought that the former was not as plain as Bai and the realm was not as good as the latter. However, it is undeniable that Wu was able to combine Chen Yuanyuan-style experience with Japanese-style experience. But what Wu Sangui cares about most is that a few words in the middle of the poem have nothing to do with stone, and they are aimed at Wu Sangui's poems:

"Taste truly, Zhou Lang with the same name. Should wives make a mountain out of a molehill? The hero is helpless and affectionate. The bones of the whole family turned to ashes, and a generation of red makeup shone in history! 」

This passage not only excused Chen Yuanyuan, but also ironically satirized another ugly reason why Wu Sangui betrayed the country: because of his vote, his family was killed by Li Zicheng. Wu Sangui paid a lot of money to ask Wu to delete the above words, but Wu refused.