ancient naive materialism affirmed the materiality of the world, and tried to find the origin of the world from a specific object, such as the book Guanzi, which pointed out, "What is the water?" The origin of all things is also "; Xunzi's "heaven and earth are combined to create everything, and yin and yang change one after another. Heaven is impermanent, not for Yao's survival, not for Jie's death"; ; Wang Chong's "heaven and earth are in harmony, everything is born by itself. One day and one place, everything is born together, and everything is born in harmony"; Zhang Zai's "too empty is qi" and "everything can be shaped, everything is like, and everything is like qi" became a great materialist in Ming Dynasty. Liu Yuxi's "Five Elements of Qi" and "Heaven and man win each other"; Thales in ancient Greece said that "water is the beginning of all things"; Heraclitus's "Atoms are the same foundation of the world"; The atomism of democritus and Epicurus in ancient Europe, and the monism of qi in ancient China, although to some extent, broke through the limitation of attributing the origin of the world to one or some specific material forms, still belong to the category of simple materialism, etc. ancient naive materialism often combined with simple dialectics and had a holistic view of the world. Due to the limitations of historical conditions, ancient naive materialism was intuitive, speculative and unscientific, lacking scientific argumentation. 2. ancient naive materialism's five famous sayings

ancient naive materialism affirmed the materiality of the world, and tried to find the origin of the world from a specific object, such as the book Guanzi, which pointed out, "What is the water?" The origin of all things is also "; Xunzi's "heaven and earth are combined to create everything, and yin and yang change one after another. Heaven is impermanent, not for Yao's survival, not for Jie's death"; ; Wang Chong's "heaven and earth are in harmony, everything is born by itself. One day and one place, everything is born together, and everything is born in harmony"; Zhang Zai's "too empty is qi" and "everything can be shaped, everything is like, and everything is like qi" became a great materialist in Ming Dynasty. Liu Yuxi's "Five Elements of Qi" and "Heaven and man win each other"; Thales in ancient Greece said that "water is the beginning of all things"; Heraclitus's "Atoms are the same foundation of the world"; The atomism of democritus and Epicurus in ancient Europe, and the monism of qi in ancient China, although to some extent, broke through the limitation of attributing the origin of the world to one or some specific material forms, still belong to the category of simple materialism, etc. ancient naive materialism often combined with simple dialectics and had a holistic view of the world. Due to the limitations of historical conditions, ancient naive materialism was intuitive, speculative and unscientific, lacking scientific argumentation. 3. The example of ancient naive materialism

1. Thales in ancient Greece believed that everything was born in water and returned to water.

Thales' philosophical view can be summed up in one sentence: "Everything is aquatic, and everything returns to water". He thinks that the world is originally water. Each of the seven sages of ancient Greece has a particularly famous motto, and his motto is: "Water is the best".

Thales learned from the Egyptians to observe floods, and he gained a lot of experience. He carefully read the records of the annual rise and fall of the Nile, and personally saw the phenomenon of the water retreating.

He found that every time the flood receded, not only fertile silt was left, but also countless tiny germs and larvae were left in the silt. He combined this phenomenon with the original Egyptian myth that God created the universe, and came to the conclusion that everything was made of water.

for Thales, water is the basic element of the world. Egyptian priests claimed that the earth rose from the bottom of the sea, while Thales thought that the earth floated on the water.

2. Heraclitus believes that the world is an eternal living fire.

Heraclitus argues that fire and everything can be transformed into each other, but he does not explain how the transformation is carried out. This reflects his philosophical obscurity and mysticism. He believes that there is a certain scale and logos thought in the burning of fire.

Heraclitus believes that the origin of all things is fire, and that the universe is an eternal living fire. His basic starting point is that this orderly universe is neither created by God nor by man.

The universe itself is its own creator, and the order of the universe is stipulated by its own logos. This is the essence of Heraclitus' theory, which is the inheritance and in-depth development of ancient naive materialism's thought of Miletus School.

3. According to China's ancient Five Elements Theory, Jin Mu's fire, water and soil are the five basic elements that generate everything.

the theory of five elements is a philosophical thought created by ancient Chinese people, which takes five elements of daily life: gold, wood, water, fire and earth as the basis of all things in the universe and the changes of various natural phenomena.

The meaning of the five elements includes five basic trends in the evolution of Yin and Yang: water (for moistening the lower part), fire (for burning the upper part), gold (for convergence), wood (for extension) and earth (for neutralization).

Ancient philosophers in China used the theory of five elements to explain the formation of all things in the world and their interrelationships. It emphasizes the whole and aims to describe the movement form and transformation relationship of things. Yin and Yang are the ancient theory of unity of opposites, and the five elements are the original system theory.

4. The atomism of democritus and Epicurus in ancient Europe.

democritus discussed the matter structure and put forward the idea of atomism. He believes that the origin of everything is atoms and nothingness. Atoms are the last indivisible particles of matter. Their basic attribute is "fullness", and each atom has no gaps. The nature of void is emptiness, in which atoms can move, which provides the conditions for atoms to move.

Dalton made the concept that matter consists of atoms a reality and a useful hypothesis. He assigned symbols to elements and combined them into compounds, and made an atomic list of 14 elements.

5. China's ancient monism of Qi.

Qi monism means that everything in heaven and earth is born in one breath, and everything in heaven and earth is nothing but qi monism. And there is a key, heart and gas, heart and gas are right, and heart and gas feel the same. Carelessness is heavy, cold heart has air conditioning, subtle heart has subtle gas, and turbid gas can make the heart turbid, and impetuous gas can make the heart impetuous.

Although it broke through the limitation of attributing the origin of the world to one or some specific material forms to a certain extent, it still belongs to the category of simple materialism.

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