The reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

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The reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, commonly known as Xiaowen Sinicization, refer to the political reforms implemented during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties; its main content is the Sinicization movement. These include: implementing the land equalization system and household regulation, reforming the official system and laws, moving the capital to Luoyang, distinguishing surnames and clans, changing Han customs, etc.

The impact is:

The Sinicization reform measures implemented by Emperor Xiaowen were conducive to easing class conflicts and played a positive role in the recovery and development of social economy. The nine-rank Zhongzheng system established in the Cao Wei Dynasty had become a situation in which officials were selected from aristocratic families during the Western Jin Dynasty, and two social classes, the gentry and the common people, evolved. The famous saying "There are no poor families in the upper class, and there are no gentry in the lower class". That's why.

Because the Xianbei people themselves do not have advanced cultural literacy and have no independent thoughts on political reform, they blindly copy the policies of the previous Han regime and inherit this clan system that has seriously affected social development.

Statue of Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty