1. Tao Hongjing Danyang Tao Hongjing was young and wise, and he was well versed in classics and history
He often said to people: "Look up at the blue clouds and the celestial phenomena that appear in the day, and leave me to live in seclusion in the mountains and forests to cultivate immortality and cultivate Taoism. The time is not far away. ”
Tao Hongjing initially served as a minister of the King of Yidu, but later moved to serve as a minister of the imperial court. This was a sinecure, and he regularly attended some court meetings. During the Yongming reign of Emperor Wu of Qi, Tao Hongjing resigned from his official post and returned to Maoshan to live in seclusion.
There is a Jinling Cave in Maoshan, which is more than 150 miles long. It is also called Huayang Cave. There are three Mao Siming temples inside, so people at that time called it Maoshan. From this cave name, Tao Hongjing called himself Huayang layman.
From then on, all the books and documents that recorded him used the title Huayang layman. Tao Hongjing lives in seclusion in Maoshan, just like the scholar-bureaucrats are proud to participate in the rituals of ancient sages Xuan Yan, and Ge Hong embraces the wood bark to maintain his authenticity.
Tao Hongjing not only liked Lin Yue, but also especially loved writing and writing. Many Jin gentry and common people admired him, and some traveled thousands of miles to pay him a visit and seek enlightenment.
Emperor Gaozu asked Tao Hongjing: "You have retired to the spring forest. What is there in the mountains that attracts you so much?" Tao Hongjing replied with a poem.
The poem says: "What is there in the mountains? There are many white clouds on the mountains. I can only enjoy myself, but I cannot bear to send it to you."
After reading the poem, Qi Gaozu admired Tao Hongjing very much. 2. "Southern History. Seventy-six Hermitage" Tao Hongjing, courtesy name Tongming, was born in Moling, Danyang
The beauty of mountains and rivers ① The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times.
The peak reaches the clouds, and the clear stream reaches the bottom. The stone walls on both sides of the bank are in five colors.
Green forests and green bamboos are available for all four seasons. The fog is about to break at dawn ③, and the apes and birds are chirping wildly; the sunset is about to fade ④, and the sunken scales are jumping up and down ⑤.
It is truly the fairy capital of the world of desire⑥. Since the days of Kang Le, there has never been anyone who can match his miraculousness.
The original text is titled "A Letter of Thanks to Zhongshu".
This article is an excerpt, and the title was added by the editor. Xie Zhongshu refers to Xie Zheng, a friend of the author.
Zhongshu, official title. The latter "book" refers to the letter, and this text is part of the original letter.
Tao Hongjing (456~536), a Taoist thinker and medical scientist during the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, was born in Moling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). He is the author of "Huayang Tao Hermit Collection". ②Five colors: This describes the colorful stone walls.
The five colors, blue, yellow, black, white and red were the main colors in ancient times. Brilliance, complement each other.
③Four Seasons: Four Seasons. ⑨ Ju: all ④ Xie: dissipate.
⑤The sunset is about to fall: The sun is about to set. Decline: fall.
⑥Sinking scales: fish swimming in the water compete to jump out of the water. Shen Lin, a fish swimming in the water.
⑦The Fairyland of Desire: Paradise on earth. In the realm of desire, Buddhism divides the world into the realm of desire, *** and 无***.
The realm of desire is the realm of beings who have not escaped from the seven emotions and six desires of the world, that is, the human world. Xiandu, a beautiful world where gods live.
⑧Kangle: Guide to the famous landscape poet Xie Lingyun. He inherited the title of his grandfather and was named Kangle Gong. He was a writer from the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties.
⑨ and (yù):. The beauty of mountains and rivers The beauty of mountains and rivers ① The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times.
The peak reaches the clouds, and the clear stream reaches the bottom. The stone walls on both sides of the bank are in five colors.
Green forests and green bamboos are available for all four seasons. The fog is about to break at dawn③, and the apes and birds are chirping wildly; the sunset is about to fade④, and the sunken scales are jumping about⑤.
It is truly the fairy capital of the world of desire⑥. Since the days of Kang Le, there has never been anyone who can match his miraculousness.
The original text is titled "A Letter of Thanks to Zhongshu".
This article is an excerpt, and the title was added by the editor. Xie Zhongshu refers to Xie Zheng, a friend of the author.
Zhongshu, official title. The latter "book" refers to the letter, and this text is part of the original letter.
Tao Hongjing (456~536), a Taoist thinker and medical scientist during the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, was born in Moling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). He is the author of "Huayang Tao Hermit Collection". ②Five colors: This describes the colorful stone walls.
The five colors, blue, yellow, black, white and red were the main colors in ancient times. Brilliance, complement each other.
③Four Seasons: Four Seasons. ⑨ Ju: Du ④ Xie: dissipate.
⑤The sunset is about to fall: The sun is about to set. Decline: fall.
⑥Sinking scales: fish swimming in the water compete to jump out of the water. Shen Lin, a fish swimming in the water.
⑦The Fairyland of Desire: Paradise on earth. In the realm of desire, Buddhism divides the world into the realm of desire, *** and 无***.
The realm of desire is the realm of beings who have not escaped from the seven emotions and six desires of the world, that is, the human world.
Xiandu, a beautiful world where gods live.
⑧Kangle: Guide to the famous landscape poet Xie Lingyun. He inherited the title of his grandfather and was named Kangle Gong. He was a writer from the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties.
⑨和(yù): participate. Translation: 1. The beauty of mountains and rivers was a topic discussed by ancient literati. The towering peaks tower into the clouds, and the clear streams can be seen to the bottom. The stone walls on both sides are green, yellow, black, white, and red. The five colors complement each other. The green woods and emerald green The bamboo forest is available in all seasons. The morning fog is about to dissipate, and the sounds of apes and birds are heard in the distance; the sun is about to set, and the fish swimming in the water are vying to jump out of the water. This is really a fairyland on earth. Since Xie Lingyun , no one can be in this wonderful landscape. 2. The magnificence of mountains and rivers has been appreciated by people since ancient times.
The peaks here reach into the sky, the clear water is so clear that you can see the bottom, and the cliffs on both sides of the river reflect each other in all kinds of brilliance under the sun. The green dense forests and green bamboos are evergreen all year round.
Every morning, when the morning fog is about to dissipate, you can hear the roar of apes and the chirping of birds; every evening, when the sun is setting, you can see fish jumping in the water. This is truly a paradise on earth! Since Xie Lingyun, no one has been able to be in this beautiful landscape.
3. The beauty of mountains and rivers has been discussed by (people) since ancient times. High peaks reach into the sky, and clear water flows down to the bottom.
(Under the sun) The rocky cliffs on both sides of the bank (top), with various colors intertwined. Green forests and verdant bamboo forests are available all year round.
In the morning, when the fog is about to dissipate, the chirping of apes and birds is mixed. The sun was about to set in the evening, and the fish swimming in the water competed to jump (on the surface of the water).
(Here) is really a fairyland on earth. Since Xie Lingyun, no one can immerse himself in this wonderful landscape.
The brackets are not written in the article, but the actual translation should be understood and thoroughly edited. General comments of this article: At the beginning of the article, the author starts from people’s attitudes towards mountains and rivers: Throughout the ages, no one has not praised the green mountains and green mountains. The water, especially the mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River, is soft, bright, delicate and elegant, so elegant and elegant. Then he describes the scenery of mountains, rivers, stone walls, jungles, green bamboos, morning and dusk, blending emotions into the scenery and expressing the author's admiration for the mountains and rivers.
Finally, the author lamented: After Xie Lingyun, who else can appreciate such beautiful scenery? Looking at the world, all the hustle and bustle is for fame and fortune. How many people can devote themselves to nature? A feeling of sadness was quietly revealed. The whole article has sixty-eight words, including landscapes and bamboo forests, dawn mist and sunset, apes and birds with golden scales, metaphors, exaggerations, personifications, positive descriptions, side descriptions... endless fun and endless vitality. .
This can be said to be a unique style in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties' style of "poetry advocates philosophy and literature and crafts parallelism". After reading it, there is no mind at all. The body is outside the things, and the mind is pure and clear.
Edit this paragraph of emotion: The beautiful scenery of natural scenery itself constitutes a beautiful artistic conception. The writer uses his own unique artistic feelings and language saturated with emotions to arouse the interest of readers, thus forming the basis of literary works. artistic conception. The beauty of the contrast between the landscape and the landscape, the beauty of the coordination of colors, the beauty of the changes in morning and dusk, and the beauty of the contrast between movement and stillness all interact to form a pleasing landscape painting.
The full text only has 68 words, which summarizes the past and present, including the four seasons, taking into account the morning and dusk, mountains, rivers, water and trees, birds and animals, lyrical discussions, and all kinds of things. 3. Translation of "The Biography of Tao Hongjing in Southern History" in classical Chinese
Tao Hongjing (AD 456-536), whose courtesy name was Tongming, and who lived in seclusion in Huayang in his later years, was a native of Moling County, Danyang County (now Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province).
His mother dreamed that a green dragon flew out of her arms, and saw two heavenly beings coming to her home with incense burners in their hands. Then she became pregnant and gave birth to Tao Hongjing. But the green dragon she saw had no tail and flew into the sky alone.
It is said that this foreshadowed that Tao Hongjing would never marry or have any children. Since childhood, Tao Hongjing has had a unique character and ambition.
At the age of six, he could understand the books he read and write articles. When he was seven years old, he read tens of thousands of words of books such as "The Book of Filial Piety", "Mao Shi" (i.e. "The Book of Songs"), and "The Analects of Confucius".
Later, when he was ten years old, a fellow villager got a copy of "The Biography of Immortals" written by Ge Hong, a man from the Jin Dynasty. After reading the stories about the Eight Dukes of Huainan and other immortals, he sighed and said: "Reading this book will make people have a high ambition and the ambition to cultivate immortality and learn Taoism."
So he studied and explored the truth in this book day and night, and set his ambition to cultivate immortality and Taoism and live forever. He once said to people: "Looking up at the blue sky, white clouds and the sun, it doesn't feel as far away and out of reach as before."
When he grew up, he was seven feet four inches tall, with a shrewd expression and beautiful appearance. The eyes are bright, the eyebrows are broad, the ears are long and the shape is exquisite. He has read more than 10,000 books, is good at playing the piano and chess, and is proficient in cursive and official script calligraphy.
In March of the third year of Emperor Shun's rise to Ming Dynasty (AD 479), Emperor Gao of Qi became prime minister.
He was only in his twenties at the time, so he was recommended as a "reader of the kings", and later he was granted the official position of "at the invitation of the court" (which allowed him to regularly attend court meetings).
Although he lives in a powerful family, he always hides his presence, does not interact with people from the outside world, and just unfolds his books and reads every day. Most matters related to etiquette and rules and regulations in the court were decided by him.
Tao Hongjing was originally a person who did not seek glory and wealth, and always wanted to resign and go into seclusion. He once said in a letter to his relatives and friends: "In the past, I did not want to live in the world. When I reached forty, my ambition was to live in the mountains.
I am thirty-six now, and I can’t borrow time..." In the tenth year of Yongming (AD 492), he indeed petitioned the emperor to resign and go into seclusion. The emperor granted his request and gave him bundles of silk as a gift.
When he left, all the ministers and officials of the court came to the Zhenglu Pavilion to bid farewell to him. They set up many curtains and held a grand farewell banquet for him. There were too many cars and horses going there, crowding each other and blocking the road.
People say that this has never happened since the Song and Qi dynasties. Everyone in the government and the public felt that he was very glorious.
He lived in seclusion on Juqu Mountain in Jurong County (today's southwestern Jiangsu, spanning Jurong, Jintan and other counties). He often said: "At the foot of this mountain is the eighth cave palace, called Jintan Huayangzhitian, surrounded by a border of one hundred and fifty miles.
In the Han Dynasty, there was Sanmaojun (Mao Ying) of Xianyang. and his two younger brothers), they later took charge of the mountain, so it was also called Maoshan." So he built a residence in the middle of the mountain and called it "Huayang Hermitage".
At the beginning, he studied scriptures and Taoism such as talismans and prophecies from Dongyang County Sun Youyue. Later, he traveled to various famous mountains in search of elixirs.
Whenever he passed through mountain streams, valleys and other places, he would sit or lie there, chant poems, and linger for a long time. His excitement was difficult to calm down. He especially loved the sound of wind and waves among the pines.
As soon as he heard the sound of pine waves, he couldn't help but feel happy in his heart. Sometimes he would visit mountain springs and rocks alone. People who saw him from a distance thought he was a god.
At that time, Shen Yue, a famous writer and historian in the Southern Dynasties and the originator of Chinese phonology, was serving as the governor of Dongyang County. Respecting his ambition and integrity, Shen Yue wrote many times inviting him to serve as an official, but he never accepted.
Emperor Wu of Liang (sometimes referred to as Emperor Gao of Qi) once issued an edict and asked Tao Hongjing, "What is there in the mountains?" The implication is that there is nothing in the mountains, so it is better to become an official and have everything. Tao Hongjing wrote "I asked what was in the mountains and composed a poem to answer it": "What is there in the mountains? There are many white clouds on the mountains.
It's a pity that the white clouds can only be used for my own pleasure, but they are not easy to hold with my hands. Sending it to you!" He cleverly expressed his noble ambition of not being an official and disdainful of being associated with the people of the times. This poem is spoken smoothly, with plain language but profound connotation.
Since then, white clouds and the hermit have been more closely linked in later poetry and articles. The movements of the white clouds are erratic, coming and going without a trace, free and carefree, just like an elegant hermit.
Another time when Emperor Wu of Liang asked him to serve as an official, he simply drew two cows. One was casually scattered among the water plants, and the other wore a golden halter and was led by a rope. Driven with a stick. Emperor Wu of Liang laughed when he saw it. He knew that he would never serve as an official, so he gave up the idea of ??forcing him to become an official.
In the early years of Yongyuan (AD 499-500), Tao Hongjing built a three-story house. He himself lived on the upper floor, his disciples lived on the middle floor, and visiting guests lived on the lower floor.
From then on, he cut off contact with the world and allowed only one servant to serve him. In the fourth year of Zhaitianjian (AD 505), he moved to Jijindongjian.
Emperor Wu of Liang, Xiao Yan, had a good relationship with him originally. After he ascended the throne, he was even more kind to him. They kept exchanging letters, as many as several letters a month. He often sent special envoys or officials to visit him and often gave him gifts. Whenever the country encountered major events such as good or bad luck, conquest, etc., it would send people to him for consultation. Therefore, people at that time called him the "Prime Minister of the Mountains."
Tao Hongjing was modest and prudent, sensible but not rigid, and he naturally complied with etiquette whether he was in officialdom or in private. His mind is as clear as a mirror, and he can immediately understand anything he encounters.
There is no clutter in his words, and if there is any confusion, he can immediately detect it. He was naturally fond of books and novels, advocating strange and extraordinary things, and cherishing natural scenery. The older he got, the deeper his love became.
He is particularly proficient in yin and yang and the five elements, wind angle (the five tones occupy the wind in the four directions to determine good and bad luck), star calculation (astrology), mountain and river geography, products from the four directions, and traditional Chinese medicine. He wrote the "Almanac of the Imperial Dynasty" and once created the phenomenon of muddy sky, which he said was "for the purpose of cultivating Taoism and not just for historians."
Biography of Tao Hongjing ① Tao Hongjing, whose courtesy name is Tongming, was born in Linling, Danyang. He had strange habits when he was young. When he was four or five years old, he always used Huo as a pen to draw dust on middle school books.
As I grow up, I have read more than ten thousand volumes, but I don’t know anything, and I feel deeply ashamed. Not weak.
4. Urgent translation of the classical Chinese text Zhai Ruwen
Zhai Ruwen, courtesy name Gongxun, was born in Danyang, Runzhou, Song Dynasty. He was born in an official family in the ninth year of Xining. Zhai Ruwen's father, Zhai Si, moved to Danyang from Kaifeng. He was a retired official and censor, and he knew Yingtian Prefecture in Yuezhou. Zhai Ruwen was smart and studious since he was a child, and he followed his father to study Han and Song Confucianism. When he was a boy, Zhai Ruwen was able to write splendid articles and the calligraphy of "dragon and phoenix" with his penmanship. He was famous for his "outstanding demeanor, love of ancient elegance". In the first year of Yuanfu, he said goodbye to his parents, left his hometown, and rushed to the capital to take the exam, and passed the Jinshi exam at the age of 22. Zhai Ruwen was a filial person and served his parents in Danyang for ten spring and autumn years on the grounds of "relative to the elderly".
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the country was in crisis, and the court was in urgent need of talents to help the world. During the Daguan period, the court officials recommended Zhai Ruwen to the court as an official and promoted him to the editor of the Bureau of Etiquette. Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, had heard for a long time that Zhai Ruwen was very talented. After "calling him out", he felt that he was really talented. After some praise, he awarded him the position of Secretary Lang. Later, he supervised the taxation of Suzhou, called out the book masters, and moved to the living masters. He gave lectures to the crown prince, except the middle school scholar. Later, because some people said that he "traveled from Su Shi and Huang Tingjian, he could not be used as a book of praise", so he was sent to Xiangzhou, Jezhou, Miaozhou, Chenzhou and other places. When he was an official in various places, he regarded the people as his parents, and he was an upright official. He often paid private visits incognito to understand the people's sentiments. For disaster-stricken areas, they often asked the court to reduce taxes. Therefore, they were deeply respected and loved by the local people, and they called and paid homage to Zhongshushe people. The imperial court ordered fellow practitioners to study "Philosophy and National History" and move it to Shizhong.
Zhai Ruwen hates evil as much as he hates it. During the reign of Emperor Huizong, Liang Shicheng, the chamberlain, was a treacherous and domineering man who seized the common people's tombs and turned them into gardens for his own use. People in the capital called him the "Hidden Prime Minister". Zhai Ruwen hated him deeply and impeached him many times, but Liang Shicheng instigated the prime minister to demote Zhai Ruwen to Xuanzhou. However, this incident did not change Zhai Ruwen's upright character, but instead aroused his extreme contempt and resentment towards those who tyrannize power and harm the country. Mizhou was responsible for the salt production in the sea. He saw that Cai Jing "repeatedly changed the salt law" and demanded "bezoar tribute every year". He felt that Cai Jing's changes were not in line with the "ancestral law" and "the cow would die if it lost its yellow color", so he gave up and was dismissed by the court. When Qinzong of the Song Dynasty came to the throne, he was called a Hanlin bachelor, changed to a Xianmo Pavilion bachelor, and was appointed as the governor of Yuezhou and the pacification envoy to eastern Zhejiang.
In the spring of the third year of Jianyan reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers marched south in large numbers and attacked Yangzhou. Emperor Gaozong and Zhao Gou crossed the river in panic from Yangzhou and continued to flee south. The Central Plains and Jiangbei areas were completely lost. Zhai Ruwen and his colleagues were on their way south. He saw with his own eyes a large number of people fleeing from the north who were displaced and living miserable lives. They were all heartbroken. For more than a year, the imperial court was shrouded in dark clouds of surrender and peace talks. Prime Minister Li Gang, who opposed the peace talks and discussed politics at Shang Shu, was dismissed. Chen Dong, a friend and fellow Taixue student from the same hometown who advocated the Northern Expedition and requested the return of Bianjing, was brutally killed. Yue Fei was promoted to general. , Zongze, who repeatedly defeated the Jin army, passed away in sorrow and anger... These shocking tragedies did not dampen Zhai Ruwen's heroic spirit. He turned his grief and indignation into an undying ambition for revival, looking forward to I hope that one day, I will wear a military uniform, leap on my horse, and march northward, "wanting to pull back the Tianhe River and wash away the blood of the Central Plains"!
In August of the first year of Shaoxing, Zhai Ruwen was called to be a Hanlin scholar and lecturer. In addition to participating in political affairs, he also promoted and revised the political bureau. One day in April of the following year, news came from the north that the puppet Qi and Liu Yu had moved their capital to Bianjing. The government and the public were shocked. Zhai Ruwen expressed strong dissatisfaction with the court's kneeling down to negotiate peace.
When Zhai Ruwen was in Mizhou, Qin Hui was the literary director of the county, and Zhai Ruwen once recommended his talents to the court. However, after Qin Hui came to the court, he cultivated party members and formed parties for personal gain, which Zhai Ruwen couldn't stand. In June of the second year of Shaoxing, Qin Hui and Zhai Ruwen were discussing matters in the same room. When talking about employment issues, the two had a dispute. Qin Hui angrily called Zhai Ruwen a "crazy student" during the auction. Zhai Ruwen had an upright temperament and would not be subdued by Qin Hui. He immediately responded: "turbid air!" thus offending Qin Hui. Qin Hui reported a slander to Emperor Gaozong Zhao Goujin, saying that Zhai Ruwen was "good at managing official affairs with his own personal will, which harmed the country and should not be implemented." Zhai Ruwen did not show any weakness, and vigorously stated his reasons, and bluntly said that Qin Hui "privately planted party members and slandered good people" and "begged to govern the officials and accepted bribes." Qin Hui was furious about this and impeached Zhai Ruwen for being "excellent". Meng Qing, the right secretary, advised Fang Meng Qing to write to Zhai Ruwen, "How can you help the state if you disagree with the superior?" Soon, Zhai Ruwen was forced to resign. It can be seen that Zhai Ruwen is a good minister who hates evil as much as he hates it and has an awe-inspiring character!
Zhai Ruwen is "elegant and elegant" and is good at calligraphy and painting. Because he was good friends with Su Shi and Huang Tingjian, his calligraphy was influenced by Su Shi and Huang Tingjian to a certain extent, forming his own calm, vigorous and bold artistic style.
Zhai Ruwen's extant calligraphy works include "Shuzha" and "Xuanfu Tie" in regular script, etc. Among them, "Xuanfu Tie" is included in the "Sanxitang Shiqubaoji Dharma Tie" which was copied and carved in stone in the twelfth year of Qianlong's reign. In the thirty-sixth volume, there are 14 lines and 106 words. In this post, Zhai Ru writes about Su Shi's style of writing, which is very similar to the Su character. The whole text is "charming but strong, and ancient and clumsy." This fully demonstrates the artistic characteristics of Su's character, which is "wrapped in iron and hidden in clumsiness."
Zhai Ruwen wrote quite a lot throughout his life, and later generations said that his articles "have the legacy of Xining and Yuanzhan". He is also familiar with pre-Qin history, Han history, as well as ritual utensils and etiquette of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the third year of Zhenghe's reign, he once "begged to compile a new style and correct the "Three Rites Pictures" for future generations", but he did not realize it. In addition to the 50 volumes of "General History of the Eastern Han Dynasty", his published works include 5 volumes of "Public Studies", 3 volumes of "Guangwen", 5 volumes of "Characters", and 30 volumes of "Zhonghui Collection".
In the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1141), Zhai Ruwen quietly left the world with full of anger and unfulfilled ambitions. His disciples privately named him "Zhonghui" and buried his body in Danyang Jiu. Lingshan. 5. 1. What is the meaning of "Ji" in the classical Chinese text "Welcome to meet each other"?
1. This "Ji" seems to be unexplainable using its general meaning. It is probably understood as the word "tongjia" "Ji" 2. The first one is a partial phrase. "Waiting for the hungry" is an adverbial, indicating purpose, and therefore it expresses a modifying relationship. The second one expresses succession. Both "cong" and "xie" are Qian Ao, and the whole sentence is translated as Qian Ao. Follow the poor man and apologize to him. The third one means compliance (acceptance). First he will not eat, and then he will starve to death. 3. Straight means intentional, not reverse, and is translated as "at dawn five days later" 4. The full sentence is translated as "(appropriately) five or six people were hiding in the trees by the roadside". The full sentence is translated as "slightly" (slightly). The full sentence is translated as "slightly" and ran forward for a while, panicking. I feel a little more settled. 5. I think this indicates a causal relationship. It is translated as "therefore" and "thus". If you have to choose between the two you mentioned, choose Shun Cheng. 6. Nan should be a noun used as an adverbial, expressing To the south, to look south is to look south.