Put the jade under the fluorescent lamp and observe its color change. Goods A and C are unchanged, and goods B are fluorescent white. C goods are dyed, so their colors are unevenly distributed along the cracks, which can be seen by the naked eye after careful observation. The specific explanation is as follows: Cargo A jade, natural jade, is a kind of natural jade with natural color and fruit without chemical treatment. B-grade jadeite, bleached and glued jadeite, is a kind of jadeite that is glued by washing with strong acid. Soaking and cleaning with strong acid is helpful to improve the transparency and color of jadeite. C jadeite, dyed jadeite, is artificially colored jadeite, usually colored with organic dyes or inorganic dyes. B+C jadeite is a jadeite that has been washed with strong acid, injected with glue and artificially colored at the same time. Evaluation of color is the first factor to evaluate jadeite, and the standards of good color are: positive, strong, clear and uniform. Positive: refers to the range of hue, which depends on the ratio of primary color to secondary color, that is to say, it should be pure green and not mixed with other colors. For example, oil blue is often mixed with oil blue, and its value will be reduced. Thick: refers to the depth of color. As far as emerald green is concerned, the concentration is preferably between 70% and 80%, and 90% is too strong. Yang: It refers to the lightness of jade color. The lightness of jade is mainly determined by the ratio of green to black or gray. The more green, the brighter the color. The more black or gray, the darker the color. Experts often use an image method to express the bright sunshine of color. For example, boxwood green, parrot green, onion heart green and pepper green all refer to the color of fresh sun. Spinach green, oil green, river green and dark green refer to dull dark green. The fresher the jadeite, the higher its natural value. Average: refers to the uniformity of jade color distribution. The color distribution of jadeite is generally uneven, so it is not easy to get jadeite with uniform color distribution. The best color: it should be pure green with a green concentration of 70%-80%, bright sunshine and uniform color distribution. This kind of high-grade jadeite habit is called the old pit species by experts. Quality identification ① Texture. Natural jadeite is transparent or translucent in texture, and its surface is bright and shiny. If you look closely, you can see the nearly round and slightly transparent "salt particles" and the fibrous substances around them. ② Hardness. Natural jadeite is jadeite, and its Mohs hardness is 7 degrees. It will be carved by a sharp knife without leaving any trace. The hardness of fake jade is low, so a sharp knife can draw it out. 3 Emerald. When natural jadeite is observed under strong light, emeralds with other mineral particles can be seen, which are called Cui Hua or emeralds. Fakes made of glass, plastic and porcelain have no such "emerald" characteristics. ④ Relative density (specific gravity). Natural jadeite has a hard and dense structure, no bubbles, high density and crisp sound when it is knocked; Fake products have loose structure or bubbles, low density and hoarse knocking sound. ⑤ color. The real product is rich and pure emerald color. Some fakes are made of white jade, serpentine, Australian jade, Han Guoyu, marble and even various stones. After decoloring, it is filled with high-hardness plastic slurry and colored, or soaked in green liquid to make "colorful jade". Observing under strong light, you can see green lines, which are messy and small; Some do not show lines, but they are not clear, with poor gloss and lighter weight than the real thing. Put the fake into the melted wax liquid, and the injected pigment will slowly separate out. In this way, the detected sample will not be destroyed, and the authenticity can also be identified. Observed by Celsi filter, the added emerald is purplish red under the mirror, and the natural genuine color remains unchanged. Some fake jadeites are artificially melted by glass, with loose structure, uniform and dark green color, some with bubbles, and hoarse when struck with hard instruments. Fake jade: Ma Laiyu (Emerald) is as transparent, green and beautiful as high-grade jade. But it's not hard to identify. Looking at it with a magnifying glass under strong light, there are fishnet-like patterns inside. The mesh of fishing net is green, and the mesh is white, unlike the green in jade, which is uneven in size and shape. Distinguishing between true and false jade is China people's favorite gem. It has been regarded as an auspicious thing since ancient times and has the magic power to ward off evil spirits. Jadeite is one of the rarest and most expensive jadeite varieties. Nowadays, various ornaments, handicrafts and jewels made of jadeite are loved by many art collectors and consumers in China. However, most people know nothing about jade. Recently, Xinde Jade Jintan Store provided us with this knowledge, hoping to let people know more about jade through publicity, so as to identify the true and false. The "species" of jadeite refers to the structure and structure of jadeite. It is an important symbol of jade quality. Newly "planted" jadeite (also known as new pit and new factory, etc. ) loose texture, coarse particles, uneven thickness, rich in impurity minerals, well-developed cracks and micro-cracks, but the transparency is not necessarily poor, and the specific gravity hardness has declined. Old "planted" jadeite (also known as old pit and old factory, etc. ) The microstructure is fine and dense, the particle size is fine and uniform, and the microcracks are underdeveloped. The hardness ratio is the highest and the quality is good. But transparency is not necessarily good. The new and old jadeite is between the new and old jadeite, and it is the jadeite left on the hillside without natural handling or short-distance handling. The new jadeite is the raw material for making jadeite B, and the meaning of "ground" of jadeite is the harmony between the cleanliness of green part and other parts of jadeite and water (transparency) and color, and the relationship between "species", "water" and "color". Folk call "ground" as "ground tension" or "bottom barrier". The exterior of emerald and emerald should be coordinated. If the emerald green is good, the emerald green and the outer part of the emerald green must be divided into water, so as to set off harmony. If the emerald green is good but the emerald green is divided into water, there are many impurities and the color is dirty, which is called "good color and poor color". The "water" and "species" of jade should be coordinated. For example, the "kind" has good old color, good water quality and less dirty impurities, which set off each other and strongly set off the beauty, luster and value of jade. The structure of the "ground" should be delicate, the color tone should be uniform, the impurities should be less, and there should be some transparency. Only by taking care of each other can we be called "land". Good "ground" is called glass ground, waxy ground and egg white ground. Bad "land" is called lime land, excrement land, etc. Jade with poor water is called "bottom dry" The "water" of jadeite refers to its transparency, also called water head. The water of jadeite is related to the structure of jadeite, which means it is related to "species". It is also related to the content of impurities, such as the old variety of jadeite water, less impurities, uniform particle size and high purity. The "fog" of jadeite refers to a kind of semi-oxidized jadeite between jadeite skin (weathered or oxidized) and jadeite interior (not weathered or oxidized) or meat. In essence, it is also a part of jadeite, and it is the transition zone from weathered crust to unweathered meat (jadeite). The color and existence of fog can explain how many impurities there are in jadeite, whether it is "new", transparency and internal cleanliness. But it can't explain whether there is green in it, and it has nothing to do with green. Fog is divided into white, yellow, red, gray and black. If the skin is worn off, the pale white is called white fog, which means that the impurities inside are not "clean" and have certain transparency. If there is green under the white fog, it is pure green, which is priceless to the earth. White fog also shows that you are old. Most people like to bet on white fog. Yellow fog shows that iron and other elements are gradually oxidized, but the oxidation is not serious. If it is pure yellow fog, it means that there are few impurity elements, and it often appears high green, but sometimes the blue-green tone produced by iron ions may enter the crystal lattice of jadeite, and there is also a green with a slight blue-green tone. Red mist explained that the iron-containing elements have been seriously oxidized, and there may be ash "ground" inside jadeite. Black fog is mainly caused by the oxidation of a large number of impurity elements, indicating that jadeite has many impurities and poor transparency. Individual black fog will also appear high green, but sometimes the water is very poor. Not all jadeites produce fog, and some jadeites produce jadeites without fog. Generally speaking, jadeite raw materials that can produce fog are mostly produced in mines of old factories and new and old factories. The ringworm of jadeite refers to the black patches and stripes of different shapes and sizes on the surface or inside of jadeite. The main minerals of these black ringworm fungi are amphibole, amphibole schist, chromite and some oxides, because these black minerals are related to chromogenic chromium ions, and chromite in the black mineral ringworm fungi constantly releases chromogenic chromium ions, which makes jadeite green under appropriate conditions. Therefore, ringworm is closely related to green. People call it "black follows green" and "ringworm eats green". However, ringworm is not necessarily green, and green is not necessarily ringworm. It depends on the environment and time of tinea formation, and whether there are chromium and other factors in tinea. Therefore, there is a folk saying of "dead ringworm" and "living ringworm". In the process of jadeite's production and subsequent geological movements and hydrothermal activities, there is a geological environment in which chromium is released, which can make jadeite green. There is not necessarily tinea at this time, and tinea has little to do with green. If tinea and jadeite are born, geological conditions and hydrothermal activity are conducive to the release of chromium, and the chromium in tinea is constantly released and colored. When the geological environment changes, it is not conducive to the release and coloring of chromium, and the coloring ends, it will produce the phenomenon of black with green, which is called tinea alive. After jadeite is produced, the ringworm produced is called "ringworm", and the ringworm produced under geological conditions without releasing chromium is called "ringworm". According to the relationship between green and ringworm, small structure and tumor, jadeite mineral and ringworm, we can accurately judge living ringworm and dead ringworm. The relationship between ringworm and green can be divided into three types: ringworm and green are mutually inclusive and difficult to separate; ringworm and green gradually transition or have clear boundaries; green and ringworm are separated by a certain distance and exist separately. Sometimes there is a "pine flower" next to ringworm, which means there is green inside, but the quantity and shape of green inside cannot be judged. On the epidermis of jadeite raw materials, we can see the regular directional arrangement of weathered and semi-weathered sand grains with the same color as the epidermis, indicating that the original stone is strongly influenced by directional dynamic metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration, which may release chromium and make it green. Where there is umbilical cord, there is not necessarily green. There must be a "pine flower" which means there may be green in it. Scales indicate that the species is ancient. Python belt is generally parallel to green strike, and green strike (vein) or green shape is mostly colored by chromium ions filled in primary cracks. Some colorful patches, patches and bands like dry moss are faintly visible on the jadeite epidermis, which are called "Songhua". It refers to the trace left by green on the original jadeite, which has gradually faded after weathering. According to the depth, shape, trend, quantity and density of pine flowers, we can infer the depth, trend, size and shape of the green inside. When observing, you should put water on the raw materials and study them carefully. Also known as split, split is called split, compound or full of matter. Cracks are divided into primary cracks, that is, they are produced at the same time as the original stone. Late fractures are formed after diagenesis. Some primary fractures were repaired by late hydrothermal activity, and some were filled by late minerals. Most of the later cracks are obviously visible to the naked eye, which greatly destroys the integrity of the jadeite original stone. Cracks can be divided into big cracks, small cracks, tic-tac-toe cracks and fine cracks. Some cracks will cut the green belt and dislocate it. Some green belts burst themselves and then filled with green. We should estimate what to do according to the distribution frequency of cracks. Those concave parts on the original stone are the parts where cracks exist. White cotton refers to the translucent and slightly transparent white mineral with patches, strips, filaments and ripples inside jadeite. The main component of white minerals is albite, followed by nepheline, analcime and some gas-liquid inclusions. It is an impurity in jade, which seriously affects the quality and beauty of jade. Its existence will greatly affect the price of jadeite. White cotton between green and green. It may also be caused by the uneven distribution of green in jade itself. Most jadeite raw materials have skins, and super jadeite also has skins. The skin of jadeite is formed by weathering of jadeite raw materials during transportation. Skin colors are black, gray, yellow, brown, light yellow, white and so on. The formation of skin color is a combination of two geological processes, that is, the external oxidation of jadeite makes iron hydroxide penetrate into the tiny micro-cracks on the surface of jadeite skin, and then interact with the oxidized impurity elements under the skin. According to the color, density, smoothness and convexity of the epidermis, we can roughly estimate the internal color of jadeite raw materials, the quality of water head, the quality of land, the old and tender types and the number of cracks. If the skin is dense and delicate, it usually means that its internal transparency is good, there are few impurities, and the skin surface presents inconspicuous moss. It is often reflected that there may be green inside, and the skin is rough and uneven, indicating that there are many internal cracks, loose texture and poor water quality. Another example is that the color of jadeite skin changes greatly, and there are banded patches such as ringworm, so it is necessary to pay attention to the possibility of green appearance. Black sand contains a lot of impurities such as iron, and even if there is green in it, it is mostly blue-green. After watering the yellow white sand skin, it feels that the fine sand falls off, and the water head is generally sufficient. Brown skin is called eel skin. Usually very old. If the skin is delicate, if there are fur and black stripes, it may be high green. Jade has a lot of skin knowledge, so it needs to be comprehensively judged and estimated. Emerald is also called "flying wing". It is a unique symbol of jade. Refers to the flaky flash that constitutes the mineral crystal plane and cleavage plane of jadeite. It is especially obvious when the mineral particles that make up jadeite are coarse. This is "emerald". If the mineral particles of jadeite are fine particles, "emerald" is rarely seen, because the double crystal plane and cleavage are too small. For example, the jadeite in the glass floor is hard to see with the naked eye. In the long-term practice of jade processing and production, the predecessors of Chinese jewelry industry summed up a lot of experience about jade, and expressed these characteristics of jade in the form of concise aphorisms. Remembering these maxims and being able to understand and appreciate their profound connotations will benefit you for life. In fact, any jewelry should not be evaluated under the lamp. This is especially important for jadeite. This is because the color of jadeite, especially the color of jadeite such as flashing gray, flashing blue and oil blue, has a much better visual effect under light than under natural light. Therefore, under the light, we can only look at the cracks, water head length, reflection degree or other characteristics of jadeite. But to investigate and evaluate the green color of jadeite under natural light. "First-class color difference, ten times the price difference" For high-grade jadeite, ten times the price difference is probably more than that. For example: a 500,000 yuan jade ring face and a 5 million yuan jade ring face, what is the quality of jade? Style, size, planting moisture, defects? They are all first-class and impeccable, and the key to the price difference between them lies in the degree of green. How to recognize and distinguish the differences between emerald green is extremely important, at least we have seen and experienced it. "Look more and buy less" For the purchase of jadeite original stone, "look more" is a selection process; It is a comparative process; It is also a process of experience accumulation and verification; It is the premise of "buying". "Buy less" does not mean not buying, but reminding you to "look" before buying. "Better buy a thread than a large piece" is a "thread" aimed at the green shape characteristics in the original jade stone? The belt is green? Use "a big piece" from skin to green? Are they two representations of the same green shape, or are they "lines"? Standing? Use "film"? The difference between lying and lying. The thickness of "line" is known, but the depth is unknown; The area of the "sheet" is known, but the thickness is unknown. The key to the motto is to remind people not to be confused by the green "more" and "less" on the surface of jadeite, but to recognize the essence of green "standing" and "lying". So, I don't really buy a large piece of green jade, but I remind you not to expect too much from the thickness of green. The so-called "dragon" in "there is water everywhere in the dragon" actually refers to the green color in jade. That is to say, in general, whether in the thickness or transparency of the texture, the green part is stronger than the part without green? Di Zi? , are all better. Of course, sometimes the difference between emerald and the earth is too strong, just like the next proverb. The stool grows tall and green.

Selection and purchase

1 Look at the color. See if the color is pure, rich and uniform, and use a spotlight flashlight to check whether there are hidden variegated colors. Rich, pure and uniform color, less impurities. Emerald green has a higher price, followed by red and purple. Among the greens, tender and yellowish Mabel Miao (also called "Yang Miao" green) with three parts of water is the best, followed by emerald green, river green and oil green, which are evenly distributed. ② Observe the transparency. Observing under strong light, the higher the transparency, the better. 3 Listen to the sound. The knock on the door is crisp and pleasant. ④ Observe emeralds and stone flowers. According to light observation, jadeite has the flash of other mineral particles (namely emerald), and there are often massive white flowers called stone flowers. Both of them get twice the result with half the effort. ⑤ Look at cracks and dark spots. Some cracks exist in the raw ore, and some are caused by processing, so the less the better; Black spots are everywhere in jadeite, so it is better to have fewer and smaller ones. ⑥ Look at the processing level. Smooth surface, good polishing and good shape are preferred. Tips for appreciating and purchasing jadeite: First, look at its texture. It should be transparent. Through the light, we can see that jadeite is partly blurred or mottled, but the glass imitation does not have these characteristics. No matter how well this imitation is done, there will be bubbles. Second, jade has a high hardness. The hardness of jade is unmatched by other jade and glass. Jade can be scratched with glass. If you can't draw any traces, it's doubtful. Third, jade is heavy, and it feels heavy in your hand, while glass imitation is light. Fourth, look at the workmanship. It's best to look at it more than four times with a magnifying glass. Fifth, shop around and compare prices. The rest is to walk and see more, communicate with experienced people more, especially go to specialty stores to see authentic products and treasures. Go shopping again and you'll have a picture in your head. In the jade market, there are still good and bad points for jade itself. The difference between them is not reflected in the difference of several times between prices, but the quality of jadeite should be calculated by a square. The quality of jadeite should be observed from four aspects: color, transparency, shape and whether there are impurities. The color must be positive, rich and even. Its transparency is good and its texture should be fine. Generally speaking, when the green water is good, the soil is usually not too bad, and vice versa. The motto is mainly to remind people not to ignore the particularity of emerald green. Although not every "shit place" will have advanced green. But "shit" can appear in the first class. The Book of Rites says: "Da Gui is not coarse, but beautiful in quality." In fact, high-grade emerald green usually expresses its natural essence in the form of "elements". For example, the fingers and feather tubes in second-hand goods belong to "plain life". If there is a pattern on the sculpture, there must be something fishy under its beautiful pattern. Therefore, there is a saying in the industry that "no locks and no flowers". The same is true of modern jadeite products. The so-called "green" in "looking at green coldly" refers to a colored "fake jade", which is an old trick. At present, there are "bathing", "bathing" and "coating". Of course, any fraud is likely to succeed for a while, but it will never give away the clues. The old adage is for people in the industry, reminding people to pay attention to the feeling at first sight and don't let go of any doubts. Therefore, it is better for consumers to "look on coldly". Be sure to go to a store with good reputation and guaranteed quality to buy jade. In principle, high-quality jadeite is called jadeite. Color, transparency, uniformity, shape and percussion are the methods for ordinary people to appreciate or evaluate jade. Jade is divided into: glass seed, dark pit, old pit, gold wire, oil clear, bean green, flower green and melon green. Among them, the jadeite with glass seed is the top grade, and the one with high water content and good transparency is also called "ice seed", which can be said to be a treasure in "glass seed". Most consumers who buy jade bracelets may have this experience, that is, merchants will knock the jade bracelet on your face to see if its sound is crisp and clear, preferably crisp and melodious. This is to prove that the crystal of jade is dense, the texture is good and there is no crack. 1. emerald green: the more tender the green, the more valuable it is. 2. Transparency: The jadeite crystal structure is compact and the transparency is high. What we call "glass seed" is this kind of jadeite with high transparency. For example, because jade itself is rich in chromium, it is valuable and hard to find to form ice jadeite. 3. Uniform color: In addition to green and tender color and high transparency, it must be uniform to be the top grade. 4. Defects: Pay attention to whether there are cracks and spots, which will affect the quality of jadeite. 5. Shape: Most jadeite rings are oval, but there are many other shapes. The shape and beauty also have an impact on the price of jadeite. 6. Carver: The quality of the work and the symbolic meaning of the ornaments have an impact on the price. 7. Size and thickness: Of course, jade of the same quality, big and thick, is expensive. 8. Gloss: In addition to the above conditions, the gloss should be bright and not dark.