What is the evaluation of the bloody battle of Hunhe River?

In the North-South Battle of Hunhe River, the Houjin Army, which had easily conquered Shenyang, unexpectedly encountered a powerful enemy. They fought many fierce battles and suffered many defeats. They were full of dangers and extremely difficult.

Wei Yuan, a later Qing Dynasty man, also lamented: "This battle, the Ming Dynasty used more than 10,000 people to defeat our tens of thousands. Although they were defeated and overthrown, it was the first bloody battle since Liaozuo used troops."

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The people of the Ming Dynasty were very proud of it, and the "Ming Xi Zong Lu" called it "dignified and vigorous" and "timely and strong".

In particular, the heroic performance of the Sichuan chieftain soldiers sent by Qin Liangyu in the face of enemies several times stronger is extremely admirable. Zhang Heming, the later Secretary of the Ministry of War, once commented on this battle: "The bloody battle at Hunhe River, the first contribution was thousands, and the real contribution was made by the two chieftains of Shizhu and Youyang." Most of the other Ming armies were brave and staunch, and few of them suffered from the despised greed for life and fear of death.

This earth-shattering battle also attracted great attention from the Koreans at that time. Zheng Zhongxin, who was the envoy of Manpu at the time, reported to the Li Dynasty that "the captives said that there is nothing better than clearing the river to defend the city, and the majesty of the field battle is Mo Ruhei's "Records of the Li Dynasty" in Heishan (i.e. Hunhe) later praised that "the number of casualties among the captives was also considerable, and the captives are still terrified."

According to Hou Jin's own history books, the Eight Banners were defeated. The troops were indeed hit extremely hard and suffered heavy casualties.

Especially the Red Jala Army, the White Flag Army, and even Nurhaci's most elite Yellow Flag Army were defeated by the strong Sichuan Army.

Many generals of the Eight Banners Army were even captured alive by the Ming army in fierce battles

In order to stabilize the morale of the army and pray for the many who died in this battle, Nurhachi also held a special memorial ceremony on the 16th. The General Assembly of the Dead.

The generals who died in the Eight Banners battle are listed in historical data: Yabahai, Buha, Sunzhaqin, Bayan, Yamubuli, Shirtai, Lange, Dumubu, and Daha. Mubulu, Wangge and other nine people

According to the records in Volume 19 of Taizu in "Manwen Laotan", Nurhaci was defeated by the Eight Banners infantry on the north bank of the Hun River at the hands of the chieftains in eastern Sichuan. The incident was extremely indignant, and an investigation was carried out, and the generals Baiyindali and Guerrilla Yilanga were removed from their posts.

The main crime was that when he encountered the Sichuan soldiers, he "ran away without fighting" and criticized Yasong for "leading my ever-victorious army and running away looking into the wind, thus losing his spirit" (see "Records of Emperor Taizu Wu of the Qing Dynasty") 》Volume 3)