Fan Zhongyan of the Song Dynasty
Su Muzhe·Biyuntian
The sky is blue, the yellow leaves are on the ground, the autumn colors are rolling, and the waves are green and cold. The mountains reflect the setting sun, the sky connects to the water, and the fragrant grass is ruthless, even outside the setting sun!
The soul of the dark country, chasing the thoughts of the journey, unless every night, good dreams leave people to sleep. The Mingyue Tower is high and I am leaning against it alone. The wine enters the sad heart and turns into tears of lovesickness.
Translation
The blue sky is filled with white clouds, and golden leaves cover the earth. The autumn scenery is reflected in the blue waves on the river, and the water waves are covered with cold smoke and green. The distant mountains are bathed in the sunset sky and connected to the river. The grass on the shore seems to be ruthless, and it is outside the setting sun. The sad soul of a foreign country, chasing the sorrow of living in a foreign land, can only let people fall asleep every night unless it is a sweet dream. Don't rely on yourself when the bright moon shines on the tall buildings. I picked up a glass of wine to wash away my sorrow, but it turned into tears of lovesickness.
Notes
① This tune was originally introduced to Tang Jiaofang from the Western Regions. "Su Muzhe" was the transliteration of Gaochang Mandarin at that time. Song Dynasty poets used this tune to create new songs. Also known as "Clouds and Mist Length" and "Yunsong Ling on the Sideburns". Double tone, sixty-two characters, five lines each in the upper and lower parts and four oblique rhymes.
②Dark: Describes a melancholy mood. The soul of a dark country: using the words "sad and ecstatic" in Jiang Yan's "Farewell".
③Chasing: Following can be extended to entanglement. Travel Thoughts: Thoughts about traveling.
Brief analysis
This word expresses homesickness and travel sorrow, and it is a sad and ecstatic statement made by a hard-hearted person, which is especially profound.
The two sentences "blue clouds in the sky and yellow leaves on the ground", one high and one low, one leaning forward and one leaning up, show the vast autumn scenery of the sky and the ends of the earth. Origin.
The two sentences "Autumn Colors in Waves" are written on the rich autumn colors and the long autumn waves between the high sky and the thick earth: the autumn colors and the autumn waves are connected to the horizon, while the green and slightly green sky is nestled against the autumn waves. The chilly autumn smoke. Here, blue clouds, yellow leaves, green waves, and green smoke form a colorful picture.
The sentence "Mountains reflect the setting sun" brings the green mountains into the picture and integrates the sky, earth, mountains and water into one, reflecting each other. At the same time, the "setting sun" points out that the scene is an autumn scene when the curtain is thin.
The two sentences "The grass is ruthless" change from the real scene in the eyes to the virtual scene in the mind, and the emotion of separation is hidden in it. Complaining that "Fragrant Grass" is ruthless just shows that the author is passionate and affectionate.
The two sentences in the next film, "The Soul of a Dark Country," express the lingering nostalgia and thoughts of traveling in the author's heart.
The two sentences "Every night unless" mean that only in beautiful dreams can homesickness be temporarily eliminated. "Unless" means that nothing else is possible. But traveling alone in the end of the world, "good dreams" are rare, and there is no way to eliminate the homesickness for the time being.
The sentence "Mingyue Tower High" follows the above: At night, he was disturbed by homesickness and could not have good dreams, so he wanted to climb the tower and look far away to relieve his sorrow; but the bright moon made him feel even more lonely and lonely. Feeling disappointed, he sighed, "Don't rely on me alone."
After two sentences, the writer tried to drink to relieve the pain in his heart, but this effort to relieve his sorrow also failed: "The wine enters the sad heart and turns into tears of lovesickness." The whole poem is low and tactful, yet without losing the majestic, majestic and upright spirit. It is a work overflowing with true feelings and vigorous writing.
This is a poem describing the nostalgia of traveling abroad. The whole poem borrows scenery to express emotions. Scenarios blend. "The scenery that is difficult to describe is like the present. There are endless opinions behind the words." (Ouyang Xiu's "Sixty-One Poetry Talks")
The scenery is described in the upper column, and the scenery is full of emotion. The two sentences "blue clouds in the sky and yellow leaves on the ground" are so beautiful that the sky is filled with white clouds and yellow leaves are everywhere. One "sky" and one "earth", one "blue" and one "yellow", summarize the autumn colors. It shows the myriad phenomena of nature and gives people an open mind. In the "Farewell at the Long Pavilion" section of Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber" of the Yuan Dynasty, the sentence "Blue cloud sky, yellow flower ground" is derived from this sentence. This sentence has become an eternal famous sentence describing autumn scenery. Then, the author looked straight up and looked into the distance - "Autumn colors are rolling in waves. The cold smoke is green on the waves." Two sentences. The rich autumn colors and the long autumn waves are all blended into it. At the end of the horizon where the autumn colors and autumn waves are connected, there is the green and slightly chilly autumn smoke.
Here, the blue clouds, yellow leaves, green waves and green smoke are vividly reflected in the author's pen. It forms a colorful "Autumn Color Picture at Dusk". The sentence "Mountains reflect the setting sun" brings the green mountains into the picture, and integrates the sky, earth, mountains and water into one, reflecting each other. At the same time, the "setting sun" also points out that the scene is an autumn scene at dusk. The two sentences "The grass is ruthless" change from the real scene in the eyes to the virtual scene in the mind, and the emotion of separation is hidden in it. "Fragrant grass" has always been one of the images that "separation" relies on in poetry, such as "Qing Ping Le" by Li Yu, the later master of the Southern Tang Dynasty: "Departure and hatred are just like spring grass, which will return to life if we travel further." With the lingering feeling of grass, . It is a metaphor for constant love and thoughts; complaining about the ruthlessness of "Fragrant Grass" shows that the author is sentimental and attaches great importance to emotions. It is used to reflect the hatred of the guest who is moved by the scene and can't sleep at night. Just like Tang Guizhang's "Brief Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci": "The first part writes that the sky is connected to water, the water is connected to mountains, and the mountains are connected to fragrant grass; the sky is connected with blue clouds, the water is cold smoke, and the mountains are connected with the setting sun. From top to bottom, from near to far, It is a purely ethereal state, which is difficult to achieve even in painting." What the predecessors said is a classic saying that uses scenery to express one's feelings.
The lower column is lyrical, and the emotions blend into the scenery. The two sentences "The Soul of Dark Country" directly express the lingering and entangled feelings of nostalgia and thoughts of traveling in the author's heart. "Darkness" means melancholy: "Chai" originally means "to follow", here it means "entanglement", which is the entanglement of thoughts about traveling. The two lines "Every night except every night" express the deep nostalgia of traveling alone in the world. It is always present, "good dreams" are rare and there is no way to eliminate them. The following "Hide and lean alone" further shows that the poet was disturbed by homesickness at night and it was difficult to have good dreams. He wanted to climb up the building and look far away to relieve his sorrow: but a bright moon reflected the loneliness of the poet in a foreign land. The last two sentences are derived from Li Bai's poem "Toast a glass to eliminate sorrow and sorrow will become more sorrowful". Drinking wine is used to relieve the pain in the chest. Unexpectedly, "drinking people's sorrow turns into tears of lovesickness". The author had a sudden idea, "Using a paragraph of 'sorrow' to cleverly connect 'tears' and 'wine', which is filled with desolate sadness and is soul-stirring to read." ("Song Ci Appreciation Canon") Just like Tang Guizhang's "Tang and Song Ci Ci Briefs" "Interpretation": "The next film touches the scene and evokes emotions. The four sentences of 'Dark Hometown Soul' are written about the long stagnation outside and the deep homesickness. The sentence 'Mingyue' is sharply mentioned. The two sentences 'wine enters' are in harmony, and 'the building is high' points out the previous sentence. The scene in the film is what you can see from upstairs. The wine melts into the intestines and the tears are fresh. It shows the true feelings of the public."
In short, let us use the words of the predecessors to evaluate this poem: the whole poem is gentle and graceful. , without losing Shen Xiong’s pure and upright spirit. Zou Zhimo's "Yuanzhizhai Ci Zhong": "Fan Xiwen's "Su Muzhe" contains a lot of beautiful language in the first part, and pure tenderness in the second part, which makes it a masterpiece."
Fan Zhongyan was a famous official in the Song Dynasty. While he was politically and militarily powerful, he was also elegant. This word is graceful and affectionate. The content is about the feeling of homesickness while traveling. The subject matter is general, but the writing style is unique. The scenery described in the upper column is broad and profound, and the viewpoint is from top to bottom, from near to far.
Since Huainan Xiaoshan's "Recruiting Hermits" "The kings and grandsons have traveled here and never returned, and the spring grass has grown luxuriantly", "grass" is often inseparable from separation, and its seasonal characteristics are secondary.
The poems above are all scene language, and only the word "merciless" points out the melancholy, which is as if it were for the scene, leaving no trace.
The next film directly reveals the main theme, because "the grass is ruthless" introduces the sorrow of separation and lovesickness.
The word "chai" especially shows the form of lingering sadness.
The two sentences "Drinking into the heart of sorrow" describe the depression that cannot be relieved from sorrow. His poem "Royal Street Journey" also says: "I am so sad that I can't help but get drunk. Before the wine arrives, I burst into tears."
This poem uses a large scene to describe the sadness, which has a unique and solemn atmosphere. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Huiyan and Huang Liaoyuan based on certain images in the poem, believed that the poem was not about homesickness, but actually used the vast autumn scenery to implicitly express concern for the country.
The third chapter of the fourth volume of "The Romance of the West Chamber" by Wang Shifu of the Yuan Dynasty, "Farewell at the Long Pavilion" (the main palace is just right) says: "The sky is blue, the ground is yellow, the west wind is strong, and the wild geese flying from the north to the south. Who will catch the frost at dawn? "Lin Zui always sheds tears" which is inspired by this word.