On the basis of Comte's positivism and Darwin's evolution theory, Tanner put forward the literary view that race, environment and times determine literary creation. The real advocate and practical writer of naturalism literature is Zola, who not only put forward concrete naturalism literary theory, but also carried out a lot of literary creation, all of which were naturalistic.
Zola not only put forward concrete naturalistic literary theories, but also made a lot of literary creations, all of which were naturalistic. In his naturalistic literary manifesto "Naturalism in Drama", he proposed that "the tasks of writers and scientists have always been the same, and both of them must replace abstract tasks with concrete ones, so the book is no longer an abstract task, an invention in the form of lies or an absolute thing. Only the real tasks in history and the relative things in daily life "The core method of naturalism is to copy life objectively into works, and the novelist is a faithful record of facts.
Naturalism not only advocates imitation, but also reduces the way of imitation to the most thoughtless "copy". Zola's masterpiece is Germination. The novel is the first work that truly describes the contradiction and conflict between labor and capital in the history of French literature.
Although it truly describes the exploitation and oppression suffered by the workers and the awakening and struggle of the workers, it has shaped the image of ordinary workers represented by Mach bargaining, with a prominent center. The structure is rigorous. However, due to the limitations of the writer and naturalism, the novel overemphasizes the hereditary decisive role and the natural biological side of human beings. For example, Ai Di 'an's anger and bravery in the struggle are attributed to the Macard family's heredity rather than social reasons. < P > Thus, the sociality of human beings is denied. It is superficial to simply analyze social problems with the laws of nature. In Zola's operation, naturalism obviously hinders his achievements. The fundamental reason lies in his following representative theories, and his emphasis on reproduction, denying artistic conception and ideology, which can't reflect the essence of life and society.
Naturalism not only advocates imitation, but also reduces the way of imitation to the most thoughtless "reproduction". Zola's masterpiece is "Germination". The novel is the first work that truly describes the conflict between labor and capital in the history of French literature.
Although it truly describes the exploitation and oppression of the workers and the awakening and struggle of the workers. It portrays the image of ordinary workers represented by Mach bargaining, with prominent center and rigorous structure. However, due to the limitations of writers and naturalism, the novel overemphasizes the hereditary decisive role and the natural biological side of human beings, such as Ai Dian's anger and courage in the struggle, which is attributed to the inheritance of Macard family rather than social reasons.
Thus, it denies human sociality. Simply analyze social problems with natural laws, Appears superficial. In Zola's operation, naturalism obviously hinders his achievements. The fundamental reason is that he follows representative theories, and emphasizes reproduction, denying artistic conception and ideological content, which cannot reflect the essence of life and society.
Zola mentioned in "Naturalism in Drama" that "everything must be started from scratch, and before reaching a conclusion like the idealists who invented typical tasks, we must first know people from the origin of human existence.
what he called "the idealist who invented typical characters" obviously refers to the realistic novelist represented by Balzac. Shaping typical characters is the fundamental difference between realistic and naturalistic literature, and it is precisely because of this that realistic literature not only exceeds naturalistic literature in terms of its existence time, achievements, or influence on literary operation in all aspects.
Engels said, "Balzac is a great realist than all Zola in the past, present and future, which is a high affirmation of critical realism literature and its representative figures. Realism also advocates the theory of trouble, but the focus of realistic imitation of reality lies in the theory of reflection.
Balzac said, "A writer should be familiar with all phenomena and feelings. In his heart, he should have a mirror that concentrates things inexplicably in the charity sale. The free universe is reflected in this mirror."
Thus, it can be seen that the imitation theory of criticizing realistic literature is based on reflecting reality. This is also an important difference between realism and naturalism. The former mainly reflects the essence of things by writing reality through cotton.