Successful education begins with habit formation. The core of education is not just to impart knowledge, but to learn to be a human being. Habits are capital stored in a person's nervous system. If a person develops good habits, he will never use up the interest in his lifetime;

Recently, Sun Yunxiao, an expert at the China Youth Research Center, pointed out: "Habits determine the development of children. "The power of habit is huge. Once a person develops a habit, he will unconsciously run on this track. If it is a good habit, it will benefit him for life. The best time for children to cultivate habits is when they are young. A formula: one kilogram of effort spent on early education = one ton of effort spent on later education. Explain the importance of early education. For example: A few years ago, when dozens of Nobel Prize winners gathered together, a reporter asked one of the Nobel Prize-winning scientists: "Which university did you go to where you learned what you think is the most important thing?" The scientist was calm. Said: "In kindergarten." "What did I learn in kindergarten." "I learned to give half of my things to my friends, don't take things that are not my own, put things neatly, apologize when I do something wrong, and observe things carefully. "The scientist's unexpected answer directly illustrates that good habits developed in childhood are of decisive significance to a person's life. Of course, the same is true for the development of study habits.

1. What are study habits?

Learning habits refer to children’s special tendency to automatically perform certain activities in certain learning situations. In other words, at a certain point, children will learn automatically.

For example: A teacher’s child went to Shanghai to participate in a national competition. When the teacher who led the team came back, he said something with emotion: On the ship that day, after dinner, the students all We watched the scenery and played on the deck. After a while, without anyone’s prompting or request, it was time to do homework. The teacher’s child went to the cabin alone, took out his books, and started studying as if there was no one around. ——The teacher leading the team said with emotion: That is a habit.

I am also very touched by my son. My son is learning Go. Since the first day of learning Go, I have insisted on doing Go exercises and playing Go with him after 7 o'clock every day. It's been about nine months now. Occasionally, I came home late a few times, and I just let him take a bath and go to bed without playing Go. I didn't tell him that he wouldn't play Go today, but my son would take the initiative to remind me, "Mom, I didn’t play Go today, you forgot”. He has developed a habit over the past few months, and when the time comes, he will do this.

2. How to scientifically guide children to develop habits?

Professor Sun Yunxiao’s formula is to develop good habits through addition; to overcome bad habits, use subtraction.

So how do you say that you should use addition to develop good habits? For example, to cultivate the habit of drawing in a child, ask him to draw a little rabbit today, and draw a little rabbit eating grass tomorrow, add grass or meadows, draw a few flowers on the meadow the day after tomorrow, and draw white clouds and the sun in the sky the day after tomorrow. With this increase day by day, the good habit of drawing will naturally develop.

How to use subtraction to overcome bad habits? It is normal for a child to be unable to sit on the bench. An attentive mother observed her son doing his homework. He would drink water and urinate for a while, and would come out four or five times in less than an hour. The mother saw this but did not rush for success. Instead, she gave her child a suggestion before he did his homework the next day: Do what you need to do before you sit down. I saw you come out three times while doing your homework. Absolutely. With the encouragement of his mother, the child really went out less once; a few days later, the mother suggested to go out less often, and the child did it easily. Parents' requirements are gradually reduced until the child can concentrate on finishing the homework, which not only helps the child overcome bad habits, but more importantly, protects the child's self-confidence. Good habits don’t develop overnight, but persist for a long time.

Some parents have reported that their children cannot concentrate in class, are not interested in reading (reading books), are careless in observing things, have poor memory, etc. These are all factors that affect the formation of good study habits in their children.

In view of the confusion caused by these bad study habits of children raised by parents, the following is from five aspects: cultivating learning interest, training attention, cultivating reading habits, cultivating active learning habits and training memory. Introduce some family education methods to parents:

(1) Cultivate children’s interest in learning

Children’s interest often arises when they are young. Children of different ages often have their own unique interests due to their different qualities. The development and expression of a child's interests are often a precursor to his talents and qualities. Parents should always ask their children what their interests are and guide them to continuously develop their interests. A scholar once compared children's interest in learning and enthusiasm to a small spark of fire sown in their children's hearts by their parents. When parents ignite this kind of fire in their children's hearts, it is like facing a pile of firewood that needs to be lit. If a small kind of fire falls on it, the wind will blow it out. If the wind is weak, it will not ignite. The firewood is too tight. It's too tight for wind, too loose and can't gather fire, and it won't work if the firewood is damp. At this time, you have to carefully care for this small flame, and "coax" it to ignite little by little, grow stronger, and finally become a raging fire.

So, how to cultivate children’s interest in learning in family education?

1. Enhance the pleasure of learning and cultivate direct interest.

The famous physicist Yang Zhenning once said: He does not agree with someone saying that he studied "hard" because he never felt "bitter" in his studies. On the contrary, what he experienced was infinite " happy". If learning can bring happiness to children, then they will definitely like to learn. The younger the child, the more direct their interest in learning will be. For example: Some children like to draw. It may be that they are happy to use colorful crayons to smear on the paper. Watching the colorful lines extend and expand on the paper, their thinking and imagination will also roam and rotate at will; it may also be that the teacher Praise him often, even though his painting is not very good. So, how can we make learning a happy thing?

First of all, praise more and criticize less. Be good at discovering the strengths of each child. Some parents keep saying "I don't know how to do such a simple thing, I just know how to play." They originally hate iron but not steel, but they don't know that good steel has been dulled by criticism. As time goes by, the children always feel that they are poor and always make mistakes, and they are still learning. I feel depressed, so I hate studying. If the child really does something wrong, of course, he must be criticized so that the child understands why adults criticize him and understands the truth.

Secondly, let the children have a successful experience from the beginning. Adults should try their best to help children master knowledge and let children learn from the beginning. This not only enhances the child's self-confidence, but also allows him to experience the joy of learning.

2. Clarify the purpose of learning and cultivate indirect interest.

The experience of excellent parents also proves that education for learning purposes should be connected with children’s thoughts and reality, insist on patient and meticulous positive education, and adopt various forms through vivid and contagious examples. Connect the purpose of learning with the purpose of life, so that you can achieve good results. For example, some children are learning to dance. She does not like to practice basic dance skills and cannot bear the hardship. However, she is interested in the results of learning dance and participating in various performances. This interest can encourage the child to engage in basic skills practice activities. Therefore, parents should not only make full use of their children's direct interests and inspire them to study diligently, but also improve their children's indirect interests through education with learning objectives. The dynamic role of interest in activities has been recognized by many psychologists. Swiss child psychologist Piaget described interest as a "regulator of energy." Pan Shu, a famous psychologist in my country, believes: "Interest is the most realistic and active component of learning motivation." When a child is interested in learning, it can arouse his enthusiasm for learning and promote him to achieve good results in his studies.

3. Use children’s curiosity to cultivate interest in learning.

Children are curious, inquiring, and active. Adults should make full use of this to stimulate children's interest in learning.

Some children take apart the alarm clock, and some children keep asking why. If parents do not understand the characteristics of their children and regard this as naughty and troublesome, and adopt a critical, cold, and ignored attitude towards their children, it will damage the buds of their children's wisdom. growth, dampening their enthusiasm for seeking knowledge. In addition, you should actively answer the child's questions. If you don't know, you can tell him to figure it out before telling him. But when it comes to doing it, you must not be perfunctory. If the parent lies to him, he will not ask questions that the child does not understand in the future, which will hurt the child's enthusiasm and curiosity.

4. Create an external environment conducive to cultivating learning interests.

Only fertile soil can grow good crops, and only a good family environment can cultivate children with excellent intelligence, smart and lively children. First of all, parents should set an example and love learning. Parents are their children's first teachers, and teaching by example is more important than teaching by words. If parents urge their children to study hard, but they themselves often stay up all night playing mahjong, then the child may not be interested in how to study well, but how to play cards well; what they may be learning is not scientific knowledge but tips for playing cards. If parents hold a book and a cup of tea after a meal, sit at the desk and write, the children will be influenced by it and will often read and study.

(2) Effective attention training

Good attention is an important factor that cannot be ignored as children grow. Developing good attention in early childhood is the basis for achieving a career when you grow up. However, children are naturally active and playful, and it is difficult to concentrate on one thing. Therefore, in the targeted training of "concentration", we must create a "progressive and unexpected" gradient sense so that the child's mind will not be distracted. Here are some experiences in cultivating young children's attention:

1. Retelling exercises

Let the child read the book for 5-15 minutes (control the time according to the child's age), close the book immediately, and ask the child to "retell" the story according to your request . To prevent children from grasping your requirements, the content of the "retelling" can be flexible: for example, you can ask a few main questions about who is in the book and what they are doing. What color clothes do the people or animals in the book wear? There's something else in the book. You can let your children draw the images of animals they see. Finally, you can let him read the book again. After a few times, the child will gradually understand the need to concentrate.

2. Puzzle and tangram exercises

This is the most effective concentration exercise in two-dimensional space, requiring children to maintain continuous concentration for a long period of time. Judgment, observation, imagination and analytical skills. The challenge of this kind of game will bring children a sense of accomplishment, which is a huge driving force for children to focus their attention to the end. When my son was 2 or 3 years old, I bought the simplest jigsaw puzzle. At first I put it together for him to see, and then he gradually became able to put it together himself, and then bought some jigsaw puzzles with more pieces and more. Let him put together a cube puzzle by looking at the picture. At this time, he will focus very much on looking at the picture and putting the puzzle together. Sometimes, in order to increase his interest, I compete with him. My son can put it together faster, so he will More interested.

3. Dominoes practice

About 70% of children who have "difficulty concentrating" can make great progress in their patience through this domino stacking game. Domino training is actually a training that tests how long a child can persist in a single action. In the future, we cannot expect that all learning subjects faced by children will be varied, interesting, and challenging. Repeated training will cause problems. Will it not cause children to commit "old habits"? Dominoes training is an excellent exercise regardless of the concentration and the duration of concentration. The pleasure of knocking down dozens or even hundreds of dominoes in an instant can also encourage children to develop tolerance for the "monotony" of training. Only by finally having happiness and a sense of accomplishment can children overcome the monotony caused by concentration.

4. Anti-interference practice

When the child's attention has been greatly concentrated in a distraction-free environment, parents can consider putting " "Source of interference". For example, when he is doing jigsaw puzzles, his parents can watch TV aside. For example, when he is reading a book, he can have a slight interruption. In the process, the child's attention will be distracted and there will be repetitions, but Eventually his anti-interference ability will gradually increase. (What needs to be reminded here is that if your child is focused and is not doing this kind of "attention training", you must not disturb him. Let him do his own thing with peace of mind.)

(3) Develop the habit of reading (reading) books

The influence of books on children cannot be underestimated. Books not only teach him knowledge and help him understand the world, but also improve his language ability and thinking. Ability, understanding, and character development all have a positive impact. Good reading habits will benefit him throughout his life. There are rules to follow in raising a child who loves to read. For example, read and tell a story to your children every night before going to bed, and often take your children to bookstores or libraries to read on weekends. First of all, parents should often pick up books and read them, so as to exert a subtle influence and influence on their children. My son likes reading very much. As long as he gets a book, he can sit for more than half an hour. This habit is cultivated in our family environment. His father likes reading and often buys books and brings them to his son. This book, I also took it home to write when I didn’t have time to prepare lessons and write materials in kindergarten. It was in this environment that my children also fell in love with books. So what exactly can be done? Here are a few ways for parents to refer to:

(1) Reading accompaniment means reading the pictures in the book with the children. You can watch the pictures with the children and make up stories to cultivate the children's interest in the pictures. Parents can point to the corresponding pictures while reading, and then slowly transition to reading the text on the book to make the children interested in the text.

(2) Acting is to perform actions after reading a story or children's song, such as what the little rabbit did, how the elephant saved the little rabbit, and what the big bad wolf did. According to The plot is performed, and several people in the family play the roles respectively. After one performance, it can be repeated several times and the roles are interchanged. Let the child realize that the children's songs and stories in the book can be used as games, thereby making him love reading books more.

(3) Questions First, ask the children questions. Parents in small kindergartens can ask some simple questions, such as who is in the story, what they are doing, who you like, etc. Parents of middle and large classes should ask more "why and how" questions to let their children think fully. Secondly, let the children create their own stories, and the parents tell half of the story, leaving the ending for the children to create their own stories, so as to cultivate their imagination ability. Finally, let the children ask questions and ask their parents what they don’t understand. Cultivate children’s study habits of asking questions when they don’t understand. The effect of using the above methods to guide children to like reading and fall in love with books is quite good. Parents may wish to give it a try.

(4) Develop the habit of active (autonomous) learning

Let’s first listen to an example: a mother bought a pineapple, and the curious child was attracted by this pineapple that he had never seen before. Attracted by something, the mother might treat her curious child in one of two ways.

One way is: the mother tells the child, "This is a pineapple. It is edible. It has very hard and sharp thorns on the outside. Don't touch it! It is very heavy and you can't lift it." Move it, but it's round. You can roll it. Smell it. Is it fragrant? Now let's take it to the kitchen and cut it. After cutting it, soak it in salt water and it will taste good. It’s fragrant and sweet.”

Another way is: the mother tells the child “This is a pineapple”, then puts the pineapple on the floor in front of the child, and goes to buy it first. Take care of other things. A curious child will definitely "take action" on the pineapple. For example, he may reach out and touch the pineapple, then quickly retract his hand and shout to his mother: "Mom, this pineapple is very stinging. I was stung by it." "

The mother responded: "Yes, kid, pineapple will sting, it doesn't matter.

"So the child tried to grab the leaves of the pineapple and lift it up, but the pineapple was very heavy, so the child quickly put it down, "Mom, this pineapple is very heavy, I can't lift it." "Yes, pineapples are heavy."

The child may have tried rolling the pineapple again, but actually rolled it. He was very happy: "Mom, I rolled the pineapple." "My mother was also very happy: "You are so capable! "Mom, I smell a sweet smell. Is pineapple edible?" "Yes, kid, pineapple is a fruit and can be eaten." "How to eat?" "Peel off the skin, cut into pieces, soak in salt water, and then you can eat." "Let me try it...it's delicious!" ”

Which one of these two methods do you advocate? Which one do you commonly use? What is the difference between them and will they produce different effects?

We might as well analyze it Take a look: In the first method, the child quickly learned that pineapples are prickly, heavy, rollable, and fragrant, and must be soaked in salt water before they can be eaten. This is what the mother directly told them. His was not discovered by the child himself. In the future, if the mother brings back something new, the child may wait for the mother to tell him about it like this time.

The second way. , the children finally understood that pineapples are prickly and can sting their hands, and pineapples are very heavy; pineapples can be rolled because they are round; they smell delicious, and they are golden when cut into pieces and dipped in salt water. Eat it again, it is fragrant and sweet. All this was discovered by the child through his own experiments. The child not only understood the characteristics of pineapple, he also learned how to understand pineapple. You can touch it, carry it, and roll it. Roll it, smell it, cut it, and taste it. Next time, the mother may bring back something of a different nature, and the child may use the same methods he has used to explore it and get to know it. In the process, the child Understand that these are things of different nature, and we need to use different methods to understand them.

The results of the two methods are very different: in the first method, the children learn the knowledge quickly, but He passively accepts it; in the second method, the child also learns knowledge, but at a slower speed, but at the same time he learns the method of understanding things, and also learns the way of thinking that requires different understanding methods according to the different properties of things. More importantly, he experienced the joy and sense of success of active learning and active exploration. Over time, children can form the habit of active learning.

Most parents may have adopted it unconsciously. The first way to treat children actually deprives them of many opportunities to learn on their own. In our daily lives, there are often opportunities for children to learn on their own. The key lies in whether we parents are good at grasping them. There is another example. For example, a three- or four-year-old child likes to help distribute chopsticks when eating. At the beginning, he may take one pair of chopsticks, this pair is for his father, then take another pair to his mother, and finally take one pair to his mother. Himself. The anxious mother may say to him: "Silly boy, you take more at one time, 3 pairs and 6 pieces in one go, so you don't have to make more trips?" "In fact, waiting for him to sum up by himself can give the child the opportunity to learn to use his brain to think about problems.

He may have to run back and forth like this for several months before he realizes that he does the same thing every time, right? Can we do it together? So he tried to take more, but he either took more or less. After a few weeks, he finally figured out that 6 is just right. In this process, children learn to think by themselves, summarize by themselves, solve problems by themselves, and experience the fun of thinking.

It’s actually worth taking the time to wait for your baby, right? Therefore, I give parents the following suggestions to help your children establish the habit of active learning:

Don’t fill up your child’s time according to your wishes, but leave more time for your child to arrange it by himself. If he still has If your child is young and can’t think of any activities that he can arrange by himself, you can give him a few more suggestions for him to choose; encourage your child to take the initiative to explore, and don’t have too many unnecessary “no-nos”; when your child is concentrating on one thing, , do not interfere with him, do not rush him as much as possible, and do not follow the child and constantly remind him that he cannot do this or that; when the child encounters difficulties in solving problems, do not rush to help him, you can give him more suggestions; Don’t rush to tell your children the results, give them enough time to discover for themselves; don’t do the work of checking homework and packing school bags for your children, and don’t develop the habit of watching your children do homework all day long. Let your children do it themselves. matter.

(5) Cultivate children's memory

Memory is the treasure house of knowledge. With memory, intelligence can continue to develop and knowledge can continue to accumulate. Here are a few games that can help strengthen young children's memory.

1. Say the names in turn

Arrange the 6 things on the table in order, let the children look at them for dozens of seconds, then cover them up and ask the children to name them in order from memory. Name these 6 things.

2. Identify colors

Ask the children to close their eyes and tell them the color of the clothes, shoes and socks you are wearing. If you also close your eyes and tell the color of the clothes, shoes and socks he is wearing, it will arouse the child's greater interest in this game.

3. Find items

After hiding 8 different small items in front of the children, let the children find these items one by one.

4. Talk by looking at pictures

Put 4-8 pictures with different contents on the table, ask the children to look at them for a while, and then cover them. Ask the child to describe the content of the picture he saw as accurately as possible.

5. Plane Landing"

Put a large piece of paper on the wall as a map, and draw a large area on the paper as the "airport". Then use the paper to make a plane "Plane", write the child's name and put a thumbtack on it. Let the child stand a few or more than ten steps away from the map. First ask him to observe the terrain, and then blindfold him and let him come closer. Map, and land the "plane" exactly on the "airport"

6. Look at the windows

This game is suitable for playing when taking your children out and passing by the store windows. Let the children carefully observe the things displayed in the window. After leaving, ask the children to tell what they just saw.

The above are some of the factors and specific details that make up children's good learning habits. In some ways, when training or nurturing, parents should pay attention to allowing their children to concentrate on learning, instead of touching here and there, looking there, or being unable to enter the learning state for a long time. Some people always have many mistakes when learning. Meaningless pauses, standing up after drawing, or chatting a few words, etc. These children seem to be studying, but in fact the learning effect is extremely low, which not only wastes time, but also develops the bad habit of being absent-minded. . Over time, it will cause slow thinking, reduced attention and tension, affect intellectual development, lag behind in studies, and even form a procrastinating style, making learning and work inefficient. Therefore, when it comes to the requirements for children, do not be satisfied with just "sitting down." Just a few hours", and we need to educate them to concentrate on the task within the specified time and complete the task efficiently, even if it only takes 5 minutes.

The content and cultivation of general learning behavior habits Requirements

Requirements for cultivating habits and content by age group

Infant stage

1. Listen to stories with concentration and time every day

2. Use strokes. Draw one page every day.

3. Observe and speak. Observe one or two things or one or two things every day, and be able to speak briefly.

4. Hold the pen correctly and practice it correctly. Pen holding posture for writing.

(Central High School Class)

5. Love books. They don’t tear them up, fold them, or throw them away. They cherish them very much.

6. Organize school supplies. Place them neatly, orderly, and be able to classify them.

Elementary school stage

1. Love books and learn to wrap book covers, write names in appropriate places, do not wear or wrinkle book corners, do not scribble on book covers or books, and often go to bookstores Buy new books.

2. When writing, hold the pen in the correct posture, sit in the correct posture, do not wrinkle the corners, write neatly, and strive to be beautiful.

3. Listen to the lecture. Concentrate, sit upright, do not do anything unrelated to the lecture, actively answer questions, and ask the teacher for advice if you have any questions.

4. Assignments: Think independently, write neatly and standardizedly, and complete on time.

5. Thinking: Ask "why" for everything and strive to know the reason.

6. Use reference books. I can use reference books recommended by teachers to solve some learning difficulties.

7. Take notes. Whenever you read, read newspapers, listen to lectures, or listen to speeches, write down them. You can grasp the key points and strive to remember the original words.

8. Keep a diary every day, learn to pick important notes, and strive to have new ideas.

9. Ask a question to the teacher or classmates every day.

10. Argument (discussion) Debate with classmates, you can not only correctly understand each other's point of view, but also put forward your own opinions.

11. Read newspapers and periodicals. Reading every day becomes a must-do.

12. Accumulate excerpts, cut and collect good sentences, good paragraphs, good articles, good examples, and bind them into your own newspapers and periodicals.

13. Establish homework specifications and writing format specifications for homework in each subject.

14. Participate in extracurricular activities: participate in cultural and sports activities, listen to reports, watch performances, watch competitions, submit articles, participate in competitions, etc.

15. Preview: Establish a preview routine and decide according to the characteristics of each subject.

16. Review Follow the rules of memory and master the review methods for each subject.

Generally speaking, habits can be formed through purposeful and planned training, or they can be formed unconsciously. Good study habits must be formed through conscious training and are not allowed or impossible to form spontaneously unconsciously. This is the fundamental difference between study habits and general habits. Because, compared with other habits, it is very difficult to change bad study habits after they are formed, which is not conducive to the growth of children.

Finally, I will end our exchange today by borrowing a quote from Napoleon: Sow an action and you will reap a habit; sow a habit and you will reap a character; sow an action and you will reap a character; sow an action and you will reap a character. A kind of character, you will gain a kind of destiny. Facts have shown that habits determine success or failure, and habits change people's lives.