① giving: giving alms.

② world reputation: secular honor.

③ discipline: discipline refers to the rules that restrict words and deeds.

④ hidden heart: estimation.

⑤ Yong: no, no.

⑥ be foolish and foolish.

⑦ Zang (zāng): praise.

⑧ nie: a mineral used as a black dye in ancient times.

⑨󣪡 (zΘ): black; Turn black.

⑩ ⑩ ⑩ (ài): dim and unclear. Kēng: persistent, superficial and stubborn. "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said: I am so mean." Jie: Strong. At the beginning, the sentence "No one knows the shortcomings of others, no one knows his own strengths" can be summed up as cautious words. "Shortcomings of people without morality" means not speaking out about the shortcomings of others. Confucianism divides people into two categories: gentlemen and villains. For villains' shortcomings, we can't say that it will offend them. As for the gentleman, because the gentleman can "save my body in the future" and constantly self-examine, self-examine and correct, it is unnecessary to say that the so-called "the gentleman seeks for himself, and the villain seeks for others" (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong)

"Don't talk about your own strengths" is to remind yourself not to be arrogant. There is a saying in the Tao Te Ching: "Those who are self-sufficient are not conspicuous, those who cut themselves are useless, and those who are vain are not long." "Talking about one's own strengths" is to gain others' affirmation and appreciation, and then gain benefits. This kind of behavior is contrary to the concept held by Confucianism. There is a saying in The Analects of Confucius: "Isn't it a gentleman if you don't know and don't care?" If we overemphasize our own advantages, we will exaggerate our name, which will deviate from the author's advocate of "not exaggerating our name". No matter what you say about people's shortcomings or your own strengths, you are required to be cautious. Second, in the Analects of Confucius, Confucius asked his disciples to be "slow in words and sensitive in deeds". This is one of the ways to be stupid. This "no one is short, no one is long" is in the same strain as the following "guarding a fool's holy place"

"Don't forget what you give, and don't forget what you receive" means that you don't think about giving to others, but you should remember when you accept their kindness. As the saying goes in "Zhuangzi Health Master", "Don't be near fame for goodness", which means that doing good is not to win a good reputation. "Don't forget when you are being cautious" is a manifestation of gratitude consciousness and the concept of repaying gratitude. There is a word "caution" in both sentences, which is to remind yourself to always remember and not forget.

The sentences of "world fame is not enough to admire" and "what's the harm of slandering the commonplace" illustrate the author's thoughts from two aspects: honor and disgrace. Whether it is praise or slander, we should treat it calmly and indifferently. "Tao Te Ching" wrote: "What does it mean to be surprised by humiliation? If you are spoiled, if you are surprised, if you are surprised, it means that you are humiliated. " In the author's view, it is not advisable to be surprised by humiliation, and people should be surprised by humiliation: for this reason, we must insist on measuring our gains and losses with correct life standards and examine our words and deeds. Benevolence is the only "discipline".

"Conceal your heart before you act" means to judge whether your heart is in line with "benevolence" before you act, and only when it meets this standard can you act. "Keeping fools" is also the concrete practice of "taking benevolence as the discipline". In addition, it can be seen from the book "Being noble in nirvana, being warm and containing light" that the author's stupidity does not mean being ignorant. What the author said is actually a superficial stupidity, but he should pursue a noble personality and an independent moral integrity.

In the way of being a man, Cui Yuan is strong and weak, and wins by being soft: In The Tao Te Ching, it is said that "people are born weak, their deaths are strong, and everything grows soft and brittle, and their deaths are withered, so the strong die and the weak live. It is to destroy the military strength, to fold the wood strength, to be strong, and to be weak. " The phrase "it's hard to measure your ambition when you walk" shows that being too strong will lead to disaster.

In terms of behavior, the author requires himself to be "cautious" as mentioned above, and also to be "frugal". This is because diet is an important aspect of material life. Without restraint, people will be greedy for it. To achieve these two points, we must be "satisfied" conceptually.

there are two outstanding points in this article. First, structurally, every two sentences constitute a meaning, and the meanings of these two sentences are often opposite, relative and even contradictory. It is through this opposition and contradiction that the author highlights the value and significance of subjective choice, and shows his self-cultivation and moral character. In this way, the structure of the full text is composed of these two units with the same meaning, which is quite similar to the structure of later poems. Second, in terms of language, it adopts the form of five words. Inscriptions in this form are generally used in more formal occasions. founding ceremony, who made outstanding achievements in the world, often carved mountains and stones to spread to future generations. Listen to it in four words to show elegance and solemnity; Take the inscriptions collected in Selected Works as an example. There are Ban Gu's "Feng Yan Ran Shan Ming" before and Zhang Zai's "Jian Ge Ming" after, all in four words. Cui Yuan Biwen, on the other hand, adopts the form of five words throughout; It is quite unique. At that time, the five-character form was only circulated among the people, which was widely used in the folk songs of Han Yuefu, but rarely seen in the literati circle. Before this, although there were one or five words in Ban Gu's "Double Poems", the technique was quite unfamiliar, and "quality and technique were without text" (Zhong Rong's "Poetry"). Cui Yuan adopted this type, probably because of the "motto", written for himself, so it seems more casual; More importantly, it shows that Cui Yuan pays more attention to drawing nutrition from the folk songs of Han Yuefu.

Huang Kunming, Executive Vice Minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China: Everything is clear and knowledgeable. Human understanding is an article. From the phenomena in daily life, Cui Yuan drew his own principle of being a man-benevolence as the discipline, and pointed out his own way of being a man: being soft outside and being rigid inside, winning by being soft. What is commendable is that Cui Yuan not only warned himself with inscriptions, but also practiced it all his life. This "Motto" has become a symbol of his tempering character and cultivating sentiment.