1. The Debate between Righteousness and Benefit

There is a law in the State of Lu. If people of the State of Lu see their compatriots encounter misfortune and become slaves in foreign countries, as long as these people can be redeemed to help them recover, If you are free, you can receive monetary compensation and rewards from the state.

Zigong, a student of Confucius, redeemed Lu people from foreign countries, but did not receive money from the state. Confucius said: "Ci (Duanmu Ci, that is, Zigong), you are wrong! The things done by the saints can be used to change the customs of the people, and the teachings can be imparted to the people, not just actions that are beneficial to oneself. Now there are few rich people in the state of Lu There are many poor people, and you will not suffer any loss if you receive compensation from the state; but if you do not receive compensation, no one in the State of Lu will redeem your compatriots who were killed."

Zi Lu, another student of Confucius. , rescued a drowning man. The rescued man gave him a cow to express his gratitude, and Zilu accepted it. Confucius said happily: "The people of Lu will definitely be brave enough to save people who fall into the water."

2. Confucius asked for courtesy

"Confucius' Family · Guanzhou" records that Confucius said to his disciples Nangong Jingshu said: "I heard that Lao Dan, the keeper of the Tibetan Chamber in Zhou Dynasty, is knowledgeable about the past and the present. He knows the origin of rituals and music and the essentials of morality. Now I want to go to Zhou for advice. Are you willing to go with me?" Nangong Jingshu readily agreed. Then he reported to Mr. Lu. Lu Jun is sure to do it. A chariot, two horses, a boy and a chariot were sent, and Nangong Jingshu accompanied Confucius there.

3. Confucius’s visit to music

Confucius’s visit to Chang Hong was to say that the world-famous “Dacheng and the Most Holy Master”—Confucius, in 518 BC, brought a new understanding of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Questions about the decline of rites and the collapse of music and music, etc., visit the historical facts of Chang Hong. At that time, Chang Hong was already well-known in the world. He was a veteran of the three dynasties of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. He was a great scholar, a great loyal minister, and a virtuous king-respecting official. Later, he was killed innocently and died with blood. The people deeply regretted and respected him. Its spirit of "blood and loyalty" is an important part of the Chinese national spirit.

It is recorded in "Guan Zhou": "In the Zhou Dynasty, I asked Lao Dan for courtesy, visited Le Chang Hong, visited the suburbs of the community, examined the rules of the Mingtang, and inspected the order of the temple and dynasty, so he sighed and said, I now know that the Duke of Zhou is the sage and the king of Zhou..." At the beginning, these five sentences of "First Question", "Second Visit", "Three Lis", "Four Examinations" and "Five Examinations" summarize the entire philosophy of Confucius. The main activities of the week.

Finally, in more concise language, Confucius's great gains from adapting to the Zhou Dynasty were explained: "I now know that the Duke of Zhou is a sage and the king of Zhou." "Guanzhou" lists "asking for courtesy from Lao Dan" and "visiting Chang Hong for pleasure" at the beginning of the article, which shows that it is true that Confucius visited Chang Hong in Chengzhou.

4. Mencius was taught

"Han Shi Wai Zhuan" records: Mencius's wife was alone in the house, squatting on the ground. Mencius entered the house and saw his wife like this, so he said to his mother: "This woman has no etiquette. Please allow me to divorce her." Meng's mother said, "What's the reason?" Mencius said, "She squatted on the ground." Mencius said. His mother asked: "How do you know?" Mencius said: "I saw it with my own eyes."

Meng's mother said: "It's because you don't follow the etiquette, it's not that the woman doesn't follow the etiquette." "The Book of Rites" Isn't it said like this? When you are about to enter the door, you must first ask who is in the room; when you are about to enter the hall, you must first raise your voice to let the people inside know; when you are about to enter the house, you must look down.

The "Book of Rites" says this in order to prevent others from being caught off guard and unprepared. Now you go to the place where your wife lives and rests. There is no sound when you enter the house, so others don't know, so you see her. Squatting on the ground. This is because you don't have good etiquette, not because your wife doesn't have good etiquette." After listening to Meng Mu's teaching, Mencius realized that he was wrong and never dared to divorce his wife again.

5. The Science of Duanwei Yu

Mencius was very interested in learning at first, but over time he got bored and often played truant. When Meng's mother found out, she was very angry. She picked up a knife and cut the warp threads on the loom, saying: "Your waste of study is just like me cutting the threads on the loom. This cloth is woven thread by thread, and now it is cut." Without thread, cloth cannot be woven.

A gentleman studies to achieve fame. Only by being knowledgeable and asking questions can he increase his wisdom.

How can you become useful if you often skip school? If you don't study hard today, but you are too lazy to cultivate your moral character, you will not be able to stay away from disasters in the future. If you don't become a robber in the future, you will become a slave! "

Meng Meng's mother used "broken weaving" as a warning for "dropping out of school" and pointed out that you must have perseverance in doing things. Once you have set your goal, you will not be disturbed by the outside world. If you give up halfway, the consequences will be very serious. " The scene of "Breaking the Weaving of Metaphors" left a distinct impression of shock and fear in Mencius's little mind. From then on, Mencius studied diligently day and night, and finally became a Confucian master in Chinese history.