Confucius said: "Those who know well are not as good as those who are good at knowing, and those who are good at knowing are not as good as those who are happy." The same is true for Chinese reading questions. Next, I have compiled the content related to Chinese language learning in the third grade for everyone. Get up and take a look!

Tips for reading and answering questions in junior high school Chinese expository texts

1. Types of expository texts: expository texts about things and events (from the perspective of content, according to the object and purpose of explanation).

The general title of a thing explanatory essay is the object of explanation;

For a matter explanatory essay, find the correct beginning and end of the summary sentence.

Because the object of explanation is the thing or thing to be introduced in an article, usually a noun or noun phrase, you can start from two aspects: first, look at the title of the article, and second, look at the first and last paragraphs. The description of things only needs to point out the thing being explained. The explanatory text points out the explanatory content and forms a phrase: introduces the ? (object plus content).

2. The language of expository text: plain and vivid expository text (language expression perspective).

3. Explanation method: Generally answer in three words. You must master several common explanation methods and analyze their role in the text:

①. Give examples: explain concretely and truly the characteristics of things.

②. Classification: clearly explains the characteristics of things. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things into categories to make the explanation more organized. Make the description clear and avoid duplication.

③. List numbers: describe the characteristics of the thing specifically and accurately. Make the description more convincing.

④. Comparison: Highlight the characteristics (status, influence, etc.) of the object being explained.

⑤. Definition: Use concise and scientific language to reveal the object/scientific truth of explanation, so as to reveal the characteristics/reasons of things more scientifically, more essentially, and more generally.

⑥. Metaphor: Metaphor is a metaphor in rhetoric. Vividly explain the characteristics of the thing and enhance the interest of the article.

⑦. Draw charts: Make the readers clear at a glance and explain the characteristics of things very intuitively and vividly.

⑧. Interpretation: Give a detailed explanation of the characteristics/reasons of things to make the explanation more understandable.

The difference between defining and interpreting is: the definition requires completeness, but the interpretation does not require completeness. The characteristics/matter of things should be explained in detail to make the explanation more understandable. Can be reversed.

⑨. Copy appearance: describe the characteristics/reasons of things visually to make the description more concrete and vivid.

⑩. Citing information: It can make the content of the explanation more specific and substantial. Use quotations to illustrate the characteristics of things and enhance persuasiveness, such as quoting ancient poems, proverbs, and common sayings. The quotation statement is at the beginning of the article and also plays the role of introducing the object of explanation.

4. Explain the order: time order (program order), space order, logical order. Be more specific when answering questions.

For example: spatial order (from top to bottom, from inside to outside, total to minute, outside to inside, front to back, left to right, whole to part, and vice versa, etc. Commonly used locative words such as introducing buildings or entities).

Logical sequence (first effect then cause, progressive from phenomenon to essence, cause to effect, effect to cause, primary to secondary, shallow to deep, individual to general, etc., commonly used to express cause and effect, express Words for the order of things, such as "because, so" "first, secondly").

Chronological order explains the development and evolution of things, such as articles introducing work procedures.

Master the answer format: This article uses the following explanation order to make the explanation more organized and easier for readers to understand. (The first blank should be filled with the specific order of explanation, and the second blank should be filled with the specific names of things or the explained reasons. If it is a logical explanatory text, but it cannot be expressed accurately, you can use vague words such as "reasons" and "scientific reasons". Language expression. )

5. Description object: refers to the main person or thing described in the article (generally, it is not necessary to answer the characteristics of the person or thing).

6. Common forms of the structure of expository essays include: "total-point" type (or from total to points, or from points to total, or total points to total), parallel type, progressive type, etc. Analyze the structure of the article and focus on the central sentence and connectives, such as "first of all", "secondly", "also", "also", "in addition" and other words

7. Central sentence: it appears at the beginning or end, sometimes at the in the sentence. Judgments are mostly general sentences. Narrative sentences, descriptive sentences, explanatory sentences, and interrogative sentences are generally not suitable as central sentences.

The same is true for other literary articles.

Summarize the central sentence of the paragraph.

Countermeasures: (1) Think about the content of this paragraph, pay attention not only to the main ones, but also to the secondary ones. (2) Words that closely express order, such as "first", "secondly", "and" and other words, should be summarized with reference to the sentence pattern of the central sentence in the paragraph above and below.

8. Explanatory language

Type 1. What is the function of adding dotted words? Answer the questions by seizing the accuracy of the expository text.

Countermeasures: Answer: Accurately/vividly/explain the characteristics/reasons of the thing "?".

Type 2. Can it be replaced with another word? And explain the reason.

Countermeasures: Answer: (1) No.

(2)The meaning or content of the original word.

(3) The meaning or content of the replaced words.

(4) How does the meaning change after changing? It is not consistent with reality.

Type 3. Can restrictive words be deleted?

Countermeasures: Answer: (1) Express your position (delete or not).

(2) Qualitative. For example, words such as “comparatively”, “almost” and “quite” express degree of rhetoric; “about”, “probably” and “about” express estimates, and “more” and “more than” express quantity.

(3) If it is deleted, the original meaning will become the same meaning, which is not realistic and too absolute.

(4)xx words reflect the accuracy, thoroughness and scientific nature of language.

Type 4. Find a word or sentence from the article that can reflect the "accurate" characteristics of expository language and understand it.

Type 5: Reference? What do "these conditions", "this phenomenon", "the same reason", etc. specifically refer to in the text.

Countermeasures: Generally it refers to the sentence before the pronoun, find the nearest sentence. Sometimes it is important to note that it may not be the entire sentence, but a part of it.

9. Common test points:

1. Understand the description objects and description characteristics.

2. Identify and understand explanation methods.

3. Analysis and understanding of the order of instructions.

4. Analysis of the structural characteristics of the paragraphs in the article.

5. Summarize the meaning of the text, the meaning of layers, and the meaning of paragraphs.

6. Evaluate the meaning of key words, key sentences and their expressive functions.

7. Experience in the accuracy of explanation language.

Tips for reading and answering questions in junior high school Chinese argumentative essays

1. Argument (what to prove) The argument should be a complete expression of the author’s opinion, which is a complete, concise and clear sentence in form. Viewed from the full text, it must be able to unify the entire text. The expression form is often a judgment sentence expressing affirmation or negation, which is a clear statement of attitude.

A. Grasp the argument of the article. There is only one central argument (to command the sub-arguments) ⑴Clearly: There can be N sub-arguments (to supplement and prove the central argument)

⑵Method ①Find from the position: such as title, opening, middle, and end.

②Analyze the arguments of the article. (Can be used to test whether the expected argument is appropriate) ③Excerpt method (only sub-arguments, but no central argument)

B. Analyze how the argument is presented:

①Speak the facts After reasoning, conclude the points;

② Get straight to the point and put forward the central argument;

③ Put forward the topic based on the phenomena existing in life, and summarize the central argument through analysis and discussion;

④Narrate an experience of the author and summarize the central argument;

⑤The author raises questions from the story, then analyzes and infers step by step, and finally draws a conclusion and puts forward the central argument.

2. Arguments (what to prove)

⑴Types of arguments:

①Factual arguments (summarize after giving examples, and summarize the arguments closely to the arguments) ;

②Principal arguments (quotes need to be analyzed).

⑵The arguments must be true, reliable, and typical (discipline, country, ancient and modern, etc.).

　⑶Sequence arrangement (corresponding to the arguments);

　⑷Judge whether the arguments can prove the arguments;

⑸Supplementary arguments (must be able to prove the arguments).

3. Argument (how to prove)

⑴ Argument method (must be four words) ① Demonstration with examples (exemplification method) Description of factual arguments ② Logical argument (citation method and reasoning) Discussing theoretical arguments

③ Comparative argument (it can also be an example argument and a logical argument) ④ Metaphorical argument Metaphors are metaphors in expository texts and metaphors in prose.

⑵ Analyze the argumentation process: ① How the argument is put forward; ② How the argument is proved (what principles and facts are used, and whether there are positive and negative analytical reasoning); ③ Connect the structure of the full text, Is there a summary?

⑶ Completeness of the argument (Answer: Make the argument more comprehensive and complete to avoid misunderstandings)

⑷ Analyze the role of the argument: prove the argument of the paragraph.

4. The structure of an argumentative essay

⑴General form:

①Introduction (raising a question)--②Thesis (analyzing the problem)-- ―③Conclusion (solve the problem).

⑵ Type: ① Parallel type ② Total fraction type ③ Total fraction type ④ Fraction type ⑤ Progressive type.

5. Argumentative language

⑴ Rigorous (the use of decorative and restrictive language); ⑵ Vivid (the use of idioms and various rhetorical techniques);

⑶ Word order (judging from the logic of life and context); ⑷ Sentence order (the use of related words, pay special attention to the progressive relationship).

6. Reading of refuting papers

⑴ What is the wrong view that the author wants to refute?

⑵ How does the author refute and what principles and principles are used? Argument;

⑶ From this, what is the correct point of view established by the author?

7. Common test points

①. Argument test points for argumentative essays:

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First, distinguish the issue being discussed and the author’s views on this issue (that is, distinguish the topic and argument).

Second, pay attention to the position of the argument in the article:

(1) At the beginning of the article, this is the so-called clear and straightforward writing method.

(2) At the end of the article, it is the so-called summary of the whole text, the end of the article, and the key points of writing. This kind of writing is mostly used when clearly expressing arguments. So, in a word, therefore, all in all, in the final analysis and other summarizing words.

Third, distinguish the central argument and sub-arguments: The sub-arguments are usually located at the beginning of the paragraph or have iconic words: first, second, third, etc.

Fourth, pay attention to the content of the argument Form of presentation: Sometimes the title is the central argument. An argumentative essay has only one central argument.

Fifth, use arguments to deduce arguments: Arguments serve to prove arguments. By analyzing arguments, you can see what they prove, affirm, and support. This is the argument.

②. Argumentative essay test points:

Arguments are the basis for the argument, which are generally factual arguments and rational arguments.

1. Use facts as arguments. Examples must be true and reliable, have typical significance, be able to reveal the essence of things, and have a certain logical connection with the argument. In argumentative essays, the description of the examples cited should be concise and to the point, highlighting the parts directly related to the argument. When clarifying arguments, you must not only know where in the article the factual arguments are used, but also be able to summarize the factual arguments. When summarizing, to be accurate, you must grasp the essential characteristics of the argument based on the argument, and then express it in precise language.

2. Speeches used as arguments should have a certain degree of authority. When quoted directly, they must be copied from the original text and verified with authenticity. They cannot be quoted out of context; when quoted indirectly, they must not be misinterpreted.

③. Structure and level test points of argumentative essays:

The structures include: parallel structure, contrastive structure, hierarchical structure, and total fractional structure.

The basic form of this test point: How did the author prove the argument?

The answer idea is: in order to prove the point of view, the author first used arguments, and then what kind of arguments were used analysis, thereby proving the point of view. The key is to make the hierarchy of the proof process clear.

④. Test points for argumentative essay argumentation methods:

Argumentation method refers to the process and method of using arguments to prove arguments. It is the link between arguments and arguments and the logical relationship between them. High school entrance examination requirements There are four types to be mastered:

1. Demonstration with examples: It is a method of citing conclusive, sufficient, and representative examples to prove arguments. Because "facts speak louder than words", citing solid and typical facts to prove your argument can enhance the persuasiveness of your article.

2. Logical argument: It is a method of citing authoritative remarks to prove an argument. Therefore, this method is used appropriately and has strong argumentative power. To analyze the role of the citation method, one should first find out whose words are cited and what they are trying to prove, and then grasp the special role of the citation method. It is authoritative and has strong arguments.

3. Metaphorical argument: It is a method of proving arguments through vivid metaphors. This method can explain the truth in a simple and easy-to-understand way, making it easy for people to accept.

4. Comparative argument: It is a method that uses positive and negative facts and truths to make a clear comparison to prove the argument. Analyze and compare the role of argumentation methods, and compare the two aspects to make right and wrong more clear, and the correct point of view is easier to be accepted by readers.

Ideas for answering questions: (1) Reasonable arguments to increase the authority of the arguments.

(2) Factual evidence, from which angle to prove the argument.

(3) Metaphorical argument, either vividly demonstrated?, or proven in a simple way? (Determined based on the relationship between the ontology and the metaphor).

(4) Comparative argument, comparing two aspects, makes right and wrong more clear, and the correct point of view is more easily accepted by readers.

⑤. Test points for the language characteristics of argumentative essays:

Analyze the language characteristics of argumentative essays:

①. Analyze the use of words from a logical perspective Accurate and rigorous:

②. Analyze the generality and conciseness of its narrative from the perspective of reasoning:

③. Analyze the vividness and vividness of its wording from the perspective of rhetoric and emotional color. Let’s explain it from different angles:

A. Accurate language performance: ① accurate use of concepts, ② appropriate modifying components such as attributives and adverbials.

B. Rigorous language is manifested in: rigorous judgment and reasoning, thorough language expression, and strong logic.

C. The distinctive language is: clear expression, no ambiguity, clear attitude, clear love and hate, appropriate use of rhetorical methods and special sentence patterns to enhance the vividness and persuasiveness of the language.

D. The conciseness of language summary is manifested in the fact that the factual description in the argumentative essay is not detailed and more general. The purpose of using argumentative essays is to convince people with reason. Not suitable for detailed narrative. Otherwise, it will overwhelm the guest. This point is reflected in general argumentative essays, so I won’t give examples.

Ideas for answering the question: What is the role of adding some words? Ideas: (1) Determine and answer the (surface) meaning of the words in the context; (2) The (deep, deep) meaning of the words in expressing the center or clarifying the point. metaphor or extension) function; this type of questions mainly tests the accuracy, thoroughness and vividness of the language. Another example is whether the order of words can be reversed?

Question answering ideas: (1) Explain the meaning of the words; (2) Clarify the time between the words or the sequence of events, emphasizing the sequence or hierarchy.

⑥. Test points for the referent object of pronouns in argumentative essays:

This kind of test questions is relatively common in various reading styles. Basically, there are two situations: one needs to be summarized in connection with the context. The second is to find the referent content in the original text. In this case, the referent content generally appears before the pronoun. After it is found, it can be used to replace the pronoun. Read the sentence through and check whether the meaning of the sentence has changed to check whether it is correct or incorrect.

⑦. Test points for open-ended and extended questions:

This type of question generally tests students’ emotional experience or rational thinking after reading an article. When solving problems, you need to combine your personal insights from reading with the article. Answering method: It is equivalent to writing a small argumentative essay, with arguments and arguments. Note that you must quote famous quotes or famous anecdotes to prove your point of view or understanding.

⑧. Test points for non-argumentative components in argumentative essays: