The utopian socialism theory of 1 profoundly exposes and criticizes all the foundations of capitalist society and provides extremely valuable ideological materials for enlightening the working class.

After the capitalist mode of production is fully established, in order to get as much profit as possible, capitalists try to extend the working hours of workers and reduce their wages as much as possible, so that workers live in extremely difficult environments.

But at that time, the workers didn't really know what brought them disaster. They blame their poverty and oppression on machines, so they often rebel against capitalists by destroying machines. However, the result of destroying machines is more machines.

In this case, dreamers express their views on capitalist society by writing books and making statements.

For example, Fourier wrote profoundly: "In capitalist society, doctors want to make their compatriots sick every day; Lawyers hope that murder and theft will happen every day; The architect begged the fire to turn the city into ashes; The glassmaker prayed for a hail to break all the glass in the city. " Dreamers not only exposed the evils of capitalism, but also tried to find its roots.

Owen famously said that "private ownership turns people into demons and the whole world into hell".

He believes that private ownership is the root of hostility, deception, fraud, prostitution, poverty, crime and pain.

At that time, the description and theory of the visionary inspired the working class to think about the phenomenon of capitalist society, the nature of capitalism and even the essence of capitalism.

This has had a positive impact on the development of the world workers' movement to a certain extent.

Utopian socialism theory contains reasonable factors of materialism and dialectics.

Both Saint-Simon and Fourier put forward the view that social development is regular.

Saint-Simon believes that human history is developing continuously, so there is no eternal social system. Capitalism is only a "transitional period" in the history of human social development, and the "golden age" of mankind, that is, the ideal society, is still in the future.

Saint-Simon's words clearly tell the working class that the capitalist society will perish and a better society will take its place.

Saint-Simon's words greatly enhanced the confidence of the working class in transforming and overthrowing the capitalist society to a certain extent, because Saint-Simon had told them that the capitalist society was bound to perish.

At the same time, the leaders of the workers' movement will take it as the theoretical guidance of the workers' movement and develop more workers to join the workers' movement.

Fourier regards the development and nature of production as the symbol of dividing historical periods.

He brought people back to reality, made people think about the actual mode of production and production conditions, inspired the working class to establish their own theories on the material basis, and linked their theories with practice.

Therefore, some reasonable factors of materialism and dialectics contained in utopian socialism theory have promoted the development of workers' movement and human society to a certain extent.

Utopian socialism is the expression and forerunner of the wishes and interests of the early proletariat.

The bourgeoisie established the capitalist mode of production through cruel primitive accumulation.

For example, the enclosure movement in Britain made countless people homeless, lost their homes, and even milk and bread.

After the capitalist mode of production was established, in order to maximize profits, capitalists cruelly extended the working hours of workers and reduced their wages.

Capitalism makes workers live in a miserable environment of oppression, exploitation and personal freedom, while utopian socialism theory advocates eliminating exploitation and oppression and letting all people live a free and equal life.

For example, in campanella's works, people in Sun City, under the public system, are all rich, but at the same time they are all poor, because everyone owns everything and everyone has no private property.

People in Sun City help each other and live together.

In their place, houses, dormitories, beds and all other necessary things are open.

They eat in the public canteen, with tables arranged in two rows, men on one side and women on the other; Eat meat one day, fish one day and vegetables one day.

Therefore, utopian socialism is the expression and forerunner of the wishes and interests of the early proletariat.

At the same time, utopian socialism also provides valuable ideological materials for scientific socialism.

In the development of utopian socialism, the color of utopian gradually decreases and the realistic factors gradually increase.

In the highest form of utopian socialism development, the bud of scientific socialism has been included, which laid the necessary foundation for Marx and Engels to establish scientific socialism.

Second, the historical limitations of utopian socialism

The historical significance of utopian socialism is inversely proportional to the historical development.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, before the proletariat launched the revolutionary struggle for independence, utopian socialism theory represented the proletariat.

However, when the revolutionary struggle of the proletariat has developed, especially after the emergence of scientific socialism, we must adhere to the theory of utopian socialism, which will not only represent the interests and needs of the proletariat, but will actually hinder the development of the workers' movement and the progress of human society.

The historical limitations of utopian socialism can be explained from the following aspects.

Generally speaking, 1 the visionary's world outlook is idealistic. They don't regard socialism as the inevitable product of the basic contradiction movement with the highly developed capitalist society, but as the expression of absolute truth, rationality and justice. Once discovered, it can conquer the world by its own strength, because absolute truth is independent of the development of time, space and human history.

In their view, the social system at that time was unreasonable because there were no talents. As long as there are talents, we can know absolute truth and eternal justice and build a happy paradise.

They have this view because they have not fully understood the capitalist society and have not seen what the basic contradiction is. At the same time, it is also because capitalism has not yet reached a high level, the basic contradictions in capitalist society are still within the affordability of capitalist society, and the contradictions between the bourgeoisie and the working class are still in the stage of reconciliation.

Their so-called genius is the person who can weaken the basic contradiction of capitalism and the contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the working class to the maximum extent, and their so-called happy paradise is the capitalist society in which all kinds of contradictions are weakened to the maximum extent.

This determines that the social reform plan they envisioned to bury capitalism was doomed to be utopia from the beginning.

Dreamers don't understand the real motive force of social development, so they can't find the right way to transform capitalist society.

The adaptability of productive forces and production relations determines the development of society and the replacement of social ideology. When productivity and production relations basically adapt, productivity will promote social development, and when they basically do not adapt, it will lead to the replacement of social ideology.

The visionaries at that time did not realize this, so they pinned their hopes on the enlightened figures of the ruling class and fantasized about transforming society through the road of peace.

Therefore, it is necessary to invent a new and perfect social system and impose it on the society from the outside through publicity, persuasion and education, or through typical demonstrations.

Saint-Simon said; "The reforms needed by society should be realized through peaceful means." Fourier refused to use revolutionary means. He thinks the revolution is "the biggest social disaster".

Saint-Simon and Fourier did not realize the cruelty of the bourgeoisie, nor did they think that the bourgeoisie would not bury itself.

At the same time, they don't realize that the working class is the grave digger of capitalist society and bourgeoisie.

Revolution is a tool used by the working class to dig graves for the bourgeoisie, that is, only through revolution can the working class bury the decadent capitalist society and bourgeoisie.

Therefore, the social reform plan that is divorced from the peace of the masses is simply utopia.

In a word, utopian socialism came into being when the capitalist mode of production and the opposition between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie were not developed, which determined that it could only be an unrealized fantasy.

As Lenin said: "Utopian socialism cannot point out the real way out.

We can neither clarify the essence of the wage labor system under the capitalist system, nor find the law of capitalist development, nor find the social content that can become the creator of a new society. "