Evaluation of materials composition
Material composition means that given one or several materials (or text, comics, or diagrams), candidates are required to accurately understand the material. Basically, choose an angle, independently formulate your own idea, customize your own style, draft your own title, and create a propositional form of composition. This proposition is both restrictive and open-ended. The questions are generally required not to deviate from the content and meaning of the material, but there is a certain degree of freedom of choice.
Material composition generally consists of three parts: "materials + prompts + requirements". Materials are divided according to form, including text materials and chart materials; according to quantity, there are single materials and multiple materials; according to content, there are example-based materials, metaphorical materials, and discourse-based materials. The review of this type of composition requires careful consideration, speculation, and analysis of the meaning and interrelationships of each word and word in the topic, such as materials, prompts, writing requirements, etc., to grasp the connotation of the topic as a whole, and grasp the meaning of the topic. The main object of the prompt, the main content, the author's emotional tendency, clarify the writing scope and focus, and try to establish the best idea.
1. Review the materials - analyze the connotation of the materials and dig out the hidden information.
To write articles with profound intentions, you must first have a deep understanding of the material, and dig out the most essential meaning of the material and life from the outside to the inside.
1. Story-telling materials include historical stories, real-life news, fables, fairy tales, etc. You should make associations from one to the other according to their morals in order to unearth the hidden meaning. Such as:
(1) Once, when Gaidar was traveling, a primary school student recognized him and rushed to carry his suitcase for him. When the primary school student saw that the suitcase was very worn, he said, "Sir is the famous Gaidar, why is he using a suitcase casually? It's too uncoordinated." "Is it incongruous? If the suitcase is famous, but But I was casual, wouldn't that be worse?" Gaidar said with a smile. The primary school student looked at Gaidar and smiled.
The central meaning of the material: By writing the dialogue between the famous Gaidar and a primary school student about the worn suitcase, it expresses the truth that you can take care of your possessions, but you cannot take care of yourself as a person. Based on this, the following views can be extracted: (1) A person should not be casual; (2) A person should be a person with real talents and learning, not just a false name.
(2) During the Sydney Olympics, there was an episode like this: In order to prevent reporters from disturbing the athletes by using their mobile phones at the shooting venue, there were eye-catching "Do not turn on your mobile phone" warnings posted inside the venue. But cell phones still ring from time to time, and it’s always Chinese reporters. Please analyze this material, draw up your own topic, and write an argumentative essay.
On the surface, this is a matter of one’s self-cultivation and public morality. Written like this, looking at the deeper level, these people are "journalists" and "literate people" with knowledge. They should understand these basic common sense. From this point of view, "educated people" does not mean "having moral cultivation". Put forward the urgency of carrying out public moral cultivation education. By discussing it this way, you avoid following what others say.
2. Discursive material, that is, the material given is a sentence or a paragraph. Pay attention to the direction of the discourse.
For example: "Crest head, pig belly, leopard tail", this is a metaphorical topic, talking about writing methods, which can also be extended to life and career. It can be regarded as learning, A trilogy of life and career. The phoenix head is used as a metaphor for the starting stage, the pig belly is used as a metaphor for the middle process, and the leopard tail is used as a metaphor for the ending stage. The beginning emphasizes a good beginning, such as laying a good foundation and taking the first crucial step; the process emphasizes enrichment and enrichment, such as being down-to-earth, pioneering and innovative; the ending emphasizes a good beginning and a good end, such as drawing a successful conclusion and staying in the end. ——Only when people develop good habits from childhood and learn scientific and cultural knowledge well can they live a fulfilling life in middle age; only if they have a successful career can they leave memories of life in old age. The same is true for doing things. If you have a good start and never be sloppy in the middle, the result will be satisfactory. According to this, the purpose of the material is: to be a good person and do things well from beginning to end.
3. There are many materials. It is necessary to analyze and compare, seek differences in similarities, seek similarities in differences, and grasp the most common points of the materials as a whole, instead of focusing on one and neglecting the other, and only stick to one end.
Examples: ① Li Shizhen wrote "Compendium of Materia Medica" after 27 years of investigation and research; ② Evenlich invented the drug 606 and failed 605 times; ③ Pavlov studied conditioned reflexes for 30 years before writing "Compendium of Materia Medica"; "Lecture Notes on the Functions of the Two Hemispheres of the Brain"; ④ It took Marx 14 years to write "Das Kapital"; ⑤ Edison also experienced hundreds of failures when he invented the electric light.
Analysis: The material lists five things respectively, but they all have the same characteristics - the reason why great people can achieve great achievements is because they can persevere after identifying their goals and achieve long-term success. Strive and don’t be afraid of failure. This uniqueness is the central connotation of the material, which is also the central argument we want to summarize.
If there are both positive and negative materials among several materials, then when reviewing the question, you must first find out the opposing points between the positive and negative materials, get inspiration from the comparison, refine your opinions, and write down your ideas. . For example: A is red if it is close to vermilion, black is if it is close to ink; B is not stained when it comes out of the mud, and it is clear but not demonic when it touches the ripples. The views of these two materials are opposite. Material A explains that the environment can change people's ideological quality, emphasizing the huge impact of the objective environment on people. Material B illustrates that even if people are in a dirty environment, they can not be polluted, form and maintain noble ideological and moral character, and emphasize that people subjective initiative. Their "relevant points" all refer to the relationship between people or things and their environment. Purpose: To correctly handle the relationship with the environment.
4. Imaginative materials should highlight the characteristics of imagination, create new images, and express new ideas. For example, "If memory can be transplanted", the basic point of imagination is that memory transplantation has the possibility of success. When writing, you should be supportive and positive about this. As for the effects after transplantation, you can boldly imagine, you can write about the benefits, and When writing about negative effects, you must not overturn the topic. It is impossible to transplant memories by talking about them.
5. Pictorial materials, that is, the given material is one or several pictures, and the implicit point of this type of composition lies in the meaning of the picture. Pay attention to the content of the picture and the language cues off-screen, and combine these to comprehensively consider the meaning and find the writing direction. For example, in the 2005 Fujian question, the content of the picture is two circles, one standard and one polygonal. The prompts are: "I am standard, I am stable, I have short circumference, and I have large area..." "I am novel, I am changeable, and I have long circumference." , the area is small..." Combine the picture and the prompt. The meaning of this picture is: "standard" and "novel", "stable" and "changeable", "long" and "short", "big" and "small", each state has its own advantages and disadvantages. From this, we can find many information points by thinking of social reality. For example: ⑴Everything in the world has its own strengths and weaknesses; ⑵Life requires both stability and flexibility. ⑶The circle is the core, and it never changes from its origin. ⑷Smoothness and edges are two different attitudes towards life.
2. Examine the proposition prompts—excavate the theme from the prompts.
"Prompts" are mainly used to inspire ideas for reviewing questions and open up writing ideas. In addition to the proposition and materials provided, almost all essay questions also provide certain hints on the essay topic, scope of material selection, and writing focus. Pay attention to the point of view and ideological tendency of the prompt, and guess the intention of the person who asked the question.
1. 2003 College Entrance Examination Essay Tips: The above is a fable in "Han Feizi". To this day, we can still hear similar stories in reality; however, we also see many different and even The opposite situation. When we understand things and deal with problems, is there any relationship between emotional closeness and correctness of our understanding of things? Please write an article on the topic of "Emotional closeness and our understanding of things".
This explanation stipulates that the key point of the writing content is the examples in real life that are similar or opposite to the fable. Therefore, you can write about similar situations in real life or the opposite situations; especially the Clearly understand the meaning of the prompt "When we understand things and deal with problems, is there any relationship between emotional closeness and distance and the correctness or incorrectness of our understanding of things?" and identify the relationship between the two.
2. There is an essay on the topic of "harmony but diversity". The material is as follows: There is a famous saying in "The Analects of Confucius. Zilu": "A gentleman is harmonious but different." It means that as a gentleman, , you must be good at mediating various conflicts and conflicts, and be good at living in harmony with others; but at the same time, you must also have independent opinions and styles that are different from others, and cannot follow the trend. This tip greatly reduces the difficulty of the composition and must be taken seriously.
3. Examine the proposition requirements - see the requirements clearly and do not ignore them.
When reviewing a question, in addition to reviewing the question itself, we must also repeatedly read and think about the "requirements" after the question.
1. Don’t omit it. It is necessary to read through the "requirements" and understand the main examination angles of the entire text. Pay attention to supplementary explanatory text, especially those in the form of negative sentences that ask candidates to "don't do something" (such as not to write poetry). This is often a well-intentioned reminder to us from the proposer, and sometimes it is even a clear stipulation. It can help us determine the direction of our writing and pull us out of misunderstandings that deviate from the meaning of the topic.
2. Don’t be biased. "Requirements" are things to note when writing. It is necessary to carefully analyze the modifying elements in the "requirements" to understand its specific provisions in terms of the composition title, content, scope, form, angle, style, word count, etc., as well as writing person, writing techniques, etc.
4. Grasp the stylistic requirements - it is not easy to exploit strengths and avoid weaknesses.
Many candidates have good writing skills and have chosen good materials, but they just do not write according to the stylistic requirements, and the results are regrettable. Generally speaking, the "style requirements" for composition are relatively straightforward and broad. You can freely choose the style, but it does not mean that there are no requirements. If you choose the narrative genre, you must write honestly according to the rules of narrative; if you choose an argumentative essay, you must have arguments, arguments, and demonstrations. Never separate explanation from narrative, or mix lyricism with discussion. Writing poetry must have images and artistic conception, and writing drama must have sharp conflicts. Therefore, when reviewing the topic, we must carefully study the composition requirements, give full play to our strengths in writing articles, and pay attention to our strengths and avoid weaknesses, so that we can write an article that best reflects our composition level.
Material composition increases the examinee's ability to examine questions. If you do not fully grasp the topic, it is easy to go off topic, so you should fully master some basic examination methods. Generally speaking, when writing about materials, you should first figure out what people, things, scenes, and objects are written about in the materials (subject objects), what the person did (how the things, scenes, and objects were like), and what the results were. question. The second is to grasp the main theme of the material. Depending on the materials, there are the following methods for reviewing the materials.
1. Allegorical revealing method
For some allegorical materials, such as fables, fairy tales, comics, etc., it is necessary to carry out "from objects to people" and "from people" through the appearance of the materials. The association of "objects and things" means that the objects in the material are associated with people, and then associated with philosophy of life, social phenomena, etc. that are similar to the content of the material, to explore its true connotation and establish the argument.
Example A donkey was carrying salt across a river. It slipped and fell into the water. The salt melted and it became much lighter when it stood up. This thing made her happy. Another day, it carried a sponge and walked to the river. It accidentally slipped and fell into the water. The sponge absorbed the water, and the donkey couldn't stand up, and finally drowned.
This fable tells us that everything should be based on reality. When the situation changes, our thoughts and working methods should also change accordingly. If we stick to the rules or blindly apply them, we will definitely lead to failure. When writing, you should grasp the meaning of the donkey carrying salt and sponge and use it as the argument of the article.
2. Tend to speculate method
In some material compositions, the sentences in the materials often contain the emotions of the proposer. When reviewing the topic, you must fully capture this language information and understand the emotions of the proposer. Color, so that the best conceptual angle can be established based on the emotional tendency of the proposer.
Example When Venus with a broken arm was displayed in front of people, it attracted countless bad guys. They came up with all sorts of fanciful ideas for reconnecting Venus's broken arm. Venus's missing arm is like a seductive trap. But so far no design has achieved universal admiration.
Reminding that "people who do good things" "flock to like birds", the derogatory feeling is palpable. It is obvious that they have a negative attitude towards the practice of trying to reattach a broken arm, but they admire the Venus with a broken arm. You can refine this point of view: ① You must have unique beauty; ② You must let nature take its course and do not have to impose your own views on others. If you ignore the tendency of the material and refine opinions such as "don't be afraid of difficulties" and "persistence will lead to success", it will be suspected of going off topic.
3. Complementary perfection method
Example ① Florentine poet Dante’s famous saying: “Go your own way and let others tell you!”
② Poland Proverb: “He who often asks for directions never loses his way.
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Prompt material ① “Go your own way” emphasizes the need for firm belief; material ② “Those who often ask for directions will not lose their way” emphasizes the need to be open-minded and ask for advice when walking, and to listen. Guidance by others. Which one is right or wrong? The two are highly complementary. If the two are combined, it will be both comprehensive and reasonable. Therefore, we can refine this view: Only those who "go their own way" can do so. Only with a firm belief and an open mind of "always asking for directions" can you take your own path in life.
4. Theme comprehension method
This is the most commonly used and most common material for composition. A solid approach to topic review. If you can accurately understand the center of the material and use it as the main theme of the article, then the article you write will be both relevant and in-depth.
Example "Wall Street Journal" report: On the eve of the Gulf War, a reporter from this newspaper visited the U.S. Marine Corps stationed in Saudi Arabia and was surprised to find that in a tent in the desert and on a warship on standby, U.S. officers and soldiers were scrambling to study China's "The Art of War" by Marine Corps Commander Gray. General's Instructions: "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is a must-read for Marine Corps officers and soldiers.
Tips Looking at the materials, it is not difficult to find that the reason why American officers and soldiers study my country's "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is to guide their tactics. , the purpose of the material is very clear, and based on this, we can refine the idea that "stones from other mountains can be used to attack jade". Of course, this is explicit; from an implicit point of view, foreigners still attach so much importance to the study of our country's cultural heritage. , then as Chinese, we should "pay more attention to the inheritance of the cultural heritage of the motherland", and this is more meaningful in a sense.
5. Key grasping method
Keyword sentences are often "literary" and contain the main theme of the material. Therefore, they can be used as a breakthrough to grasp the material and choose the perspective of the material. In the material composition, the keyphrase is often the commentator or the character in the material. Sexual sentences.
Example: When the Brazilian football star Pele first showed up in football, a reporter asked him: "Which ball do you play best?" He replied: "The next one!" He rose to prominence in the football world and became a world-famous football king. After scoring more than a thousand goals, the reporter asked again: "Which goal do you kick best?" He still replied: "Next!"
Tip: The three words "next" not only reflect the never-satisfied enterprising spirit, but also contain the philosophy of endless art and continuous innovation, shining with the light of personality, wisdom and spirit. This keyword captures the soul and essence of the material.
Summary The above are some basic methods for reviewing the essays on college entrance examination materials. It is easy to understand the questions by choosing different methods for different materials. Of course, there are many ways to review the topic of material composition, and the various methods are not isolated, and may be more effective if they can be used flexibly and comprehensively in the specific process of reviewing the topic.
It is worth noting that the “contemporary nature, speculative richness, and diversity” of “material composition” are very prominent. Therefore, as a senior high school candidate, you must pay attention to the "three concerns" (pay attention to life, pay attention to society, pay attention to hot topics), otherwise it will be difficult to write a good college entrance examination composition
Warm reminder that composition cannot be separated from the material. Think, process, even quote. However, many candidates do not understand the techniques of quoting materials, and habitually repeat the materials at the beginning of the article, or use the materials as an argument, or lengthen the materials abruptly, adapting a general material into a long and lengthy one without detailed descriptions. Stories etc. It is inappropriate to quote materials like this. There are three main ways to write material compositions to deal with the materials provided in the test questions:
(1) Summarize and quote. The material provided in the test questions usually has several hundred words, and everyone quotes it in the article, which will inevitably annoy the marking teacher. If you can use summary language and vivid words to quote it, it will produce different effects.
(2) Quote key sentences. The key sentences in the test question materials that can reveal the theme are often the key points of the article and the entry point for clever quotation of the materials.
(3) Continuation material method. If the material is narrative and you have a strong ability to construct your own stories, it is also a good way to process the material by making up a new story by narrating the story: using the end of the material as a medium, or imagining and interpreting the story; or Study carefully, look forward to the future, and win with exquisite ideas and novel plots. In short, the processing of materials is just a means, and it is considered to be used well as long as it is "appropriately applied".