A letter from Fu Lei is a letter from a father to his son, and it is a common saying written on paper. Therefore, it is as pure and simple as a clear spring in the mountains and white clouds in the blue sky. Let's share with you some articles about famous knowledge points in junior high school exams for your reference. Welcome to reading.

(1) Selected readings of Fu Jialei's Book

Brief comment on works

Fu Lei's Letter is an excerpt from a letter written by China literary artist and translator Fu Lei and his wife to their children Fu Cong and Fu Min. The letter number is 1954- 1966. This book is an excellent reading for teenagers' ideological cultivation, a classic model of quality education and a masterpiece of teaching children full of father's love. They took great pains to train their two children (Fu Cong? Famous piano master and Fu Min? Special English teachers), educate them to be human first, and then become useful? Home? It is a successful embodiment of the educational concept of cultivating children's independent thinking and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Therefore, Fu Lei and his wife have become role models for China's parents.

Parents' inculcation, sincere communication between children and parents, and deep affection between the lines have given parents and children all over the world many strong infections and inspirations?

A Letter from Fu Lei shows Fu Lei's deep love for his motherland and son. The letter first emphasized the behavior of a young man. Fu Lei explained himself with his own experience and taught his son with his own life experience: be modest, be rigorous and have due manners; Don't be discouraged when you encounter difficulties, and don't be proud of winning the grand prize; To have a sense of honor and disgrace of the country and the nation, to have the dignity of art and personality, to be a? An artist with both ability and political integrity and outstanding personality? . At the same time, Fu Lei also gave useful guidance to his son's life, and spent considerable space talking about art, music works, playing skills and artistic accomplishment. Like a tutor, he put forward opinions and suggestions on how to combine work and rest, how to manage money correctly and how to deal with love and marriage correctly in daily life. I love your son beyond words.

Fu Lei said that his letter to his son has several functions: first, to discuss art; Second, stimulate the feelings of young people; Thirdly, cultivate Fu Cong's writing style and thoughts; Fourth, be loyal? Mirror? . The content of the letter is more about art and life than trivial matters, instilling the noble sentiments that an artist should have and letting his son know? The honor and disgrace of the country, the dignity of art? , be one? An artist with both ability and political integrity and outstanding personality? .

It is human nature to love his son, but Fu Lei's love for Fu Cong and Fu Min has not turned into ordinary tenderness. Instead, he always puts morality and art first, and puts the feeling of the calf second. Just as his strict discipline of Fu Cong's childhood is not recognized by ordinary people, it really comes from his deeper love for his son.

Because this book is a family letter written by a father to his son, and it is a proverb written on paper. Therefore, it is as pure and simple as a clear spring in the mountains and white clouds in the blue sky.

Character character

Fu Lei: Rigorous, earnest and meticulous, with selfless love for relatives (mainly sons) and the country, conscience, integrity, generosity and fortitude.

Mrs. Fu Lei (Zhu Meifu): Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is very successful.

Fu Cong: Work hard, be a man first, and then succeed? Home? Life is orderly and rigorous, I love music, and I am also an artist who has both ability and political integrity and excellent personality and loves the motherland.

Fu Min: Honest, kind, diligent, unknown, not proud of the aura of my father and brother.

Famous sayings from hometown

1. Blame yourself for not acting, I am the least in favor! ? Only facts can prove your mind, and only actions can show your mind.

2. Bitter tears are the wine that edifies your soul.

3. Try to put success or failure aside, try your best and live up to your heart.

4. Thinking more about the problems of life and the universe and looking down on individuals will naturally reduce the worry of being swayed by considerations of gain and loss. In this way, the body and mind will be comfortable, but the work will be smooth.

Understanding memory

1. Fu Lei is a famous translator in China. He once translated Balzac's Eugénie? Grandet. He thinks that the best literary critic in China is the thorn on the earth.

Fu Lei is a strict and conscientious father. After his son grew up to study abroad, he still gave careful guidance to his son's life and art through letters. These letters were compiled into a book, namely "Letters from Fu Lei". Fu Lei's two sons are Fu Cong and Fu Min.

The first thing Fu Lei emphasized in his letter was how a young man should behave. Fu Lei used his own experience to show his point of view and taught his son to be modest, rigorous and polite. Don't be discouraged when you encounter difficulties, and don't be proud of winning the grand prize; To have a sense of honor and disgrace of the country and the nation, to have the dignity of art and personality, to be a? An artist with both ability and political integrity and outstanding personality? .

In Fu Lei's letter, Fu Lei also gave useful guidance to his son's life. Like a mentor, he gave advice and suggestions on how to combine work and rest, how to manage money correctly and how to deal with love and marriage correctly in daily life.

5.？ At any time in my life, when I was in love, I never forgot my loyalty to literature. Literature first, knowledge first, art first, truth first, love second. ?

6. Fu Lei teaches his son? Love is not deep, of course, love is not cut; Love is not cut, of course, it is not enough to pop up; And the more tasteless it is, the less interesting it is to you? What are some examples? Take listening to Mozart as an example.

7. Although Fu Cong performed in other places, Fu Lei has been paying close attention to his son's growth in music. What methods did he use to improve his son's artistic accomplishment?

Pass the true feelings to distant children through letters, give sincere guidance to his son's life and art, and secretly show his concern and love for his son.

8. For people in the Tang and Song Dynasties, poems and songs are often added in the middle. Overtone? What does Fu Lei think?

Fu Lei thinks that only singing with overtones can make music. Later generations filled the overtones with mantras, but it was a big obstacle to music. The reason why Kunqu opera is so laborious and artificial, and the reason why China music is so bound by words is because the ancients paid too much attention to words and didn't know much about music; People who know music are not scholars. Scholars regard music as a craftsman's business, so it can't develop?

9. In a letter to Fu Cong (1959.8. 16), Fu Lei told his son not only to learn music, but also to learn behavior and etiquette. Please give an example.

? At the dinner table, when you don't have a knife and fork in your hand, you should also put it flat on the table, not under the table, on your lap or knee. You just need to pay attention to other educated young people. Especially don't drop the knife and fork under the plate and jingle! When saluting or taking a curtain call, the facial expression should be gentle, not too serious as in the past. This has a lot to do with the mood of the masses, so we should pay attention to it in time. As long as you don't worry, calm down and your expression will naturally be gentle. ?

10. In a letter to Fu Cong (1959./kloc-0.1), Fu Lei warned his son that too many concerts would paralyze people's feelings and make the performance lack vitality and freshness, thus damaging his art. In the long run, he would be in danger of becoming a pianist or even a piano player.

1 1. Fu Lei told his son what was his greatest success and the highest realm of artistic life?

Can shake the feelings of the audience, make them drunk as crazy, laugh and cry impermanently, as quiet as Mount Tai, just like dispatching troops.

12. Fu Lei knew that his son's contest was coming, and told his son in a letter dated1954+February 27th? Don't worry,? We all have confidence; Mainly lies in psychological cultivation and spiritual cultivation? What kind of mentality should he ask his son?

? Regardless of gains and losses? Winning or losing is a common occurrence for military strategists? .

(2) Read Jostein independently? Judd's Sophie's World

"Sophie's World" is a Norwegian writer Jostan? Judd wrote a novel about the history of western philosophy. In the form of a novel, it reveals the development of the history of western philosophy through the process of a philosophical tutor imparting philosophical knowledge to a girl named Sophie.

Sophie's World is regarded as one of the classic works of the 20th century 100. Sophie's World was first published in Norway on 199 1, and the Chinese version was published by China Writers Publishing House on 1996.

brief Introduction of the content

Sophie, a girl of 14 years old, came home from school one day and received a mysterious letter. Who are you? Where does the world come from? At the same time, she received a strange postcard. Who was the recipient? Ask Sophie to give it to Sid. The postmark is from Lebanon.

From this day on, Sophie kept receiving some very unusual letters, and the world unfolded before her eyes like a mystery. She tried to use the girl's natural understanding and acquired knowledge to solve these mysteries. However, the magic mirror, the major's cabin, the Lebanese postcard to Sid, the talking hamish, Albert who called her Sid, the banana peel with birthday wishes written on it, the golden cross in the dream that appeared in reality, and the 10 yuan coin found? The following anecdote made Sophie go on step by step. The truth is far weirder than she thought. Weirder?

In the mysterious tutor Albert? Under the guidance of Knox, Sophie began to think about the fundamental problems that the masters thought from ancient Greece to Kant, from Kierkegaard to Freud.

The inexplicable correspondence continued, and the contact information was changed again and again. Albert in pain and anger? Knox finally appeared in front of her and began to teach her the history of philosophy. He brought Sophie back to Shang from Greece in the former Soviet Union. Paul. Philosophical development in saudi era. At the same time? Sid. Her name keeps popping up around her in an incredible way. Then, Sid appeared. It turns out that Sophie is just a Norwegian major Albert who works in the United Nations Force in Lebanon. The novel character Nag celebrates her daughter Sid's birthday and writes her story as a philosophical story as a birthday present for her daughter.

Unbelievable. In Albert? At Knox's prompt, Sophie gradually realized that she was just a character in the book and a part of Major Albert's consciousness. After faithfully fulfilling her leading role, they began to fight against God (Major Albert). With their efforts, the world in the book gradually twisted and became eccentric and uncontrollable. Finally, the book ends with an open ending, Albert? Knox and Sophie somehow escaped from the world of books and came to Sid's world.

In the Chinese translation of Sophie's World (short translation), some contents were deleted by the China government, such as the 32 paragraphs at the end of Marx's part.

Brief introduction of the author

Jostan? Jostein gaarder is a world-class Norwegian writer. 1952 was born in Oslo, Norway on August 8, 1952. He majored in philosophy, theology and literature, and obtained a degree in Norwegian from Scandinavian Literature Department of Oslo University. He worked as a teacher of literature and philosophy. Since the first book of 1986 was published, he has become the most important Nordic writer in contemporary times. /kloc-taught philosophy in Finland in 0/0, and became a full-time writer in 199 1. After the publication of 199 1, Sophie's World became a best seller in Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Germany, with a sales volume of 3 million copies. More than 30 countries have purchased the copyright of the book, which has been translated into more than 90 languages and sold more than 300 million copies worldwide.

Jostan? [Last name] Judd

Jostan? Judd is good at telling stories in the form of dialogue, and can integrate profound philosophy into the novel situation in a concise and lively style. His works are touching and inspire countless readers to explore personal life, historical orientation and the vast universe.

Jostan? Judd not only devoted himself to literary creation and inspired readers to reflect on life, but also spared no effort in public welfare undertakings. He was founded by 1997? Sophie foundation? One hundred thousand dollars a year? Sophie Award? Encourage individuals or institutions that can propose alternative solutions to environmental development in innovative ways or put them into practice.

character introduction

Sophie. Amandsen

Sophie is the protagonist in Sophie's world. She is a curious and energetic girl 14 years old. Before her 15 birthday, she learned that her life was Albert. The invention of Nag. Sophie from Albert? Knox learned all these and many other things. Albert. Knox, is that Albert? The philosopher created by Nag is Sophie's teacher. Sophie not only learns from Albert, but also asks him questions and shows that she has her own ideas and she wants to implement them. At the end of the novel, Sophie shows that she is a philosopher, because she can look at problems from different angles and practice what she thinks. Sophie is friendly, but unsociable. She introspects more than she talks. In fact, Sophie almost forgot her good friend Joan after she started studying philosophy. Sophie is very picky and doesn't let go of the people she loves. Throughout the book, her mother had to listen to Sophie's criticism many times. Joan and Albert? Knox also listened to a lot. Sophie sticks to her point of view and just wants to say what she thinks.

Albert. compounds of nitrogen and oxygen

As Sophie's teacher, Albert? Knox represents an ideal philosopher. He is never in a hurry to judge, always thinking about what he has done. Albert. Knox believed in philosophy, because philosophy made him understand that he was influenced by Albert? A nagging will. Albert. Knox is an excellent teacher, because he forces Sophie to think independently and draw conclusions, which never makes her feel better. At the same time, he also cares about Sophie and hopes that she can study hard.

A suddenionosphericdisturbance of the ionosphere.

Sid, is that Albert? Nag's daughters Sophie and Albert? Knox is a character created to amuse her. Like Sophie, Sid loves to meditate, and the philosophers in the book aroused her great interest. Sid is also very compassionate. She sympathizes with Sophie and Albert? Knox, while her father played with their lives in his palm. Sid is very independent. On her father's way home from Lebanon, she gave him a taste of his own medicine to prove her independence. Sid is thoughtful, but sometimes he believes that intuition trumps reason. It was her intuition that told her Sophie really existed.

Albert. Nechi

Sid's father. Abbott? Sophie and Albert are nagging? Knox lives by smart people. He created them as a birthday present for his beloved daughter. He has an ironic sense of humor and cares about the world. He works for the United Nations and wants people to live in peace and harmony. Albert. Nag also wants her daughter to see that the world (and the universe) is a special place. He wants his daughter to learn philosophy and let her think and live in the way he thinks fit. Like Albert. Like Knox, he is also a philosopher at heart, and the world itself is enough to intoxicate him.

Sophie's mother

Sophie's mother is one of the most interesting characters in the book, because she provides a foil for Sophie's philosophical experience. Mrs. Armanderson believes that her daughter must have lost her soul before she began to study the differences between humans and animals and think about how to shape human beings. Unfortunately, she also represents those people in the world who don't want to think. Albert. Knox warned Sophie that there were many such people.

Theme of the work

Sophie's World is not only a novel, but also a history of philosophy, so it is not surprising that philosophy is its theme throughout. Philosophy does not appear as the profound thinking of idle people, but as something that is unified with life. Sophie and Albert. Knox needs philosophy to understand that they are not alien to people. They can be sure that their world is Albert. Nag's creation, but just because people don't have an answer about the origin of their own world (or universe), doesn't mean they can't ask this question. In fact, as Judd emphasized throughout the book, if you want to be a philosopher, you can't stop asking questions. Albert. Knox tried to make Sophie realize how great her own existence was. People's questions may not have any answers, but this is nothing, because it is the ability to ask questions that makes us human. Why are we here? What is a good life? In Judd's view, all these philosophical questions mentioned in the book are the most important questions that people can ask. Once people's physical health is guaranteed, people must pay attention to their spiritual life. Life is a gift, and the only way to make life meaningful to individuals is to keep asking these questions. Philosophy is unique and stands out from other disciplines, because Judd actually puts philosophy and survival as equally important. If people lack philosophical speculation in life, they will deprive themselves of the greatest pleasure and reduce their original understanding. Philosophy is a continuous and lifelong pursuit. Only humans on earth can think philosophically. Although philosophy may not make life easier or give easy answers, it will make people curious about their own existence. Although philosophy is quite complicated, its main idea is simple.

Sophie's World represents the philosophical view of mainstream intellectuals, and what it expresses is also extremely eye-catching. This book gives a very lofty evaluation of true philosophy: critical, rational and fair comments; Get rid of prejudices, superstitions and customs; Do not make hasty and rash judgments, but pursue truth, knowledge, beauty and virtue.

In this book, Judd's real interest in philosophy is not in logic, mathematics or linguistics. When the focus of the story shifted to Marx, Freud, Darwin and cosmology, Moore, Russell and others didn't even mention it. Some topics, even if they have nothing to do with philosophy, appear repeatedly. Obviously, this book is very pleasing in political position. All modern fashionable words are included: ecology, feminism, tolerance, eastern religions, comparative religions, the United Nations and the new world order. This way of writing may be to make philosophical issues out of touch with the times, or to cover a wider readership. However, it seems that these issues that impress readers are what the author really cares about.

This is not? A novel about the history of philosophy? However, a contemporary humanist who supports nature has made a selective discussion on the roots of philosophy. At the end of the novel, science is recognized as the judge of truth; Although the doctrine of materialism is not clear, it is definitely the best choice for mankind. This book leads readers to such a conclusion, but it doesn't actually provide reasons. The impression it gives readers is that it is the result of the accumulation of wisdom in past dynasties; Of course, different history will lead to different endings.

Artistic feature

Sophie's World contains at least three narrators, namely the philosopher Albert? Knox, Sophie and Sid. They observe and describe from their own perspectives, and three different perspectives constitute a triple narrative level, which intersect with each other to form the polyphonic structure of this novel.

Sophie's story raises the question of the relationship between reality and fiction. Sophie is aware of her fictional identity, which is also the same feature of the characters in meta-novels. The identities of characters in metafiction are usually vague, existent and nonexistent. ? In many metanovels, the characters suddenly realize that they don't exist and can't die, but they are never born and can't do anything. ? Sophie felt depressed and disappointed when she learned her fictional identity, and sought to change the status quo. Knowing that everything was a foregone conclusion, she accepted her identity. Finally, when she and philosophers found that not only they, but also Sid and the author who created them didn't really exist, they were content with the status quo and began to look forward to entering the illusory literary world, because as characters in literary works, they would never grow old.

In other words, Sophie's story is a fictional text, and at the same time, this fictional text exists in a larger fictional text, which is Sid's world. As a reader, Sid is also untrue. The story of Sophie and Sid inevitably causes readers to deeply reflect on reality and fiction, because it deconstructs the solid foundation of human existence and questions the possibility of objective knowledge. In this sense, this novel is postmodern.

Sophie's World includes letters, postcards, philosophy, history, literature and other genres. Bakhtin thinks that using various genres is a novel? Polyphony? One aspect of the structure. In meta-fiction? Polyphony? The form is clear. In previous novels, these different languages and voices were usually subordinate to the voice of a major ubiquitous author. There is no such author's voice in meta-novels, but the necessity of coexistence of genre forms is emphasized. The language of Sophie's World has the above characteristics, and it practices a game and carnival similar to Bakhtin's language.

Sophie's World makes philosophy interesting and vivid, but it is also a successful meta-novel, which expresses philosophical thinking in the form of meta-novel. The two complement each other and are the unity of art and content. Sophie's world conforms to the trend of popularization of European and American philosophy in recent years. The impact of contemporary popular culture on the humanities has directly led to the wave of popularization of philosophy, and several works introducing and explaining philosophy with novels, poems and illustrations have appeared. The success of Sophie's World shows that the novel will not go on as some critics expected? Death? Or? Tired? On the contrary, it will mature. One trend of novel development is the combination with other disciplines, while ecological literature is another trend. Clear evidence. In the contemporary era of cultural diversity, the constant innovation of novel form is the source of its vitality.

"Sophie's World" deducts philosophical principles with very easy-to-understand things. When describing Democritus's atomic theory, the novel tells through Sophie's process of playing with building blocks. Through The Emperor's New Clothes, Socrates' wisdom and human beings are not omnipotent. Make people understand Kant by wearing glasses and so on? The intuitive form of time and space? ; Freud's subconscious theory is expressed by naked men in his works.

With the development of the novel story, the philosopher's letters, Sophie's story and Sid's world intersect. The structure of novels is generally divided into chapters according to the stages of philosophical development, from ancient Greek mythology to Freud. The novel catalogue looks like an outline of the history of philosophy, but it is also interspersed with some titles that show the content of the story, such as? Major's cabin? Garden party? Wait a minute. It can be seen that Sophie's world lacks integrity and coherence, the novel structure is fragmented and incoherent, and the fictional framework is scattered. Readers should not be attracted by stories and forget their identity, but should think more about what they read. The process of reading becomes a dialogue between the reader and the text, which is exactly what this novel on the history of philosophy hopes to produce.

The influence of the work

After the publication of Sophie's World, it was selected as a philosophy textbook by many colleges in Europe. The narrative of the history of philosophy in this book is very different from the narrative method of traditional colleges. It strives to conform to the development of the times and the evolution of society, so that philosophy will not be overhead as a conceptual game for pedants, and philosophy that cannot really be popularized can at least become more readable. It also implies another important point, that is, philosophy is useful.

Since the publication of 199 1, the book has been ranked first in the bestseller list of various countries for a long time, and 35 countries around the world have purchased the copyright of the book. Sophie's World has been translated into 90 languages, and millions of copies have been distributed in Europe, America and Asia, ranking first in German and American bestseller lists.

199 1- 1995, Sophie's world won Norway? Song Ya? Haggman ·NASS Children's Book Award? , German Time Magazine Literature Award, Germany? Youth literature award? , also won the China Taiwan Province Province United Daily News? Scholar's Best Book Award? . Global sales exceeded 300 million copies.

Evaluation of works

Judd's novel about the history of philosophy is unprecedented. He once again proved that philosophy was not written in an ivory tower by academic people who were divorced from reality. ("German Sunday Report")

This book is an outstanding example of popularizing academic works. Those who haven't studied Introduction to Philosophy can regard it as the best introductory reading, while those who have studied this course forget that most of them are powerful works for reviewing and learning new things. ([America] Newsweek)

The book Sophie's World helps readers to explore the history of world philosophy from pre-Plato to the 20th century with the feeling of reading detective novels, without any boring feeling. (Madeleine, writer and critic? Wrangell)

Sophie's World can be read as a philosophical enlightenment book. In her novels, Sophie's subjective consciousness process is quite similar to a detective novel plus a modern version of Alice in Wonderland. Philosophy plus detective, fantasy plus cosmology make people more open-minded. (Writer Nan Shuo)

? A novel about the history of philosophy? , is the subtitle of Sophie's World, which can quite point out the main points of the book. This is a novel, but it is also a systematic fast food hodgepodge that covers all philosophical thoughts. As the characters in the novel seek mysterious answers in the philosophical tradition, readers also review the history of western philosophy.

In terms of content and popularity, Sophie's World is a very attractive book. The success of this book shows an important social indicator, that is, the public's thirst for knowledge and lack of security. In a novel, the whole history of western philosophy is very attractive to a generation that pursues speed. (Philip? Zhan Sen)

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