During the Warring States Period, Su Qin was ambitious at first, but because of his shallow knowledge, he was not reused in many places. Later, he made up his mind to study hard, and sometimes reading until late at night is really tiring. When I was about to take a nap, I was stabbed in the thigh with a cone (zhuī Ι:), bleeding profusely. He used this special method of "stabbing stocks" to drive away drowsiness, cheer up and keep on studying. He finally became a famous politician.

2. Original text:

Become a learning solution

Author: Han Yu

Mr. Guo Zi went to imperial academy in the morning, invited all the students to build a library, and said, "Industry is diligent, but it is barren;" What I did was thought, but it was destroyed. The sages met today, and the fixture was finished. Pull out evil spirits and worship good. The ratio of small good people is recorded, and those who are famous for their technology are useless. Climb, scrape and polish. Guy was lucky to be elected, but which cloud is more than the others? Not all students are proficient, and there is no ignorance of the department; If you can't succeed in doing things, you won't suffer. "

Before speaking, someone laughed at the column and said, "Sir, you are lying to me! Disciple, I have been here for many years. Teacher Wang never stops talking about six arts, and his hand is constantly covered with the compilation of "A Hundred Schools of Thought contend". The chronicler must mention his main points, and the fabricator must hook up his mystery. There are too many things and too few donations. Burn ointment and oil and continue to live in poverty. A gentleman's business can be described as diligence.

Reject heresy and despise Buddha. Make amends and make a fool of yourself. Looking for that boundless mood, looking for it lonely and far away. The obstacle ran all the way to the east, and the tide turned back. Mr. Wang is a great help to Confucianism.

Immersed in depression, he is full of books as articles. Ruler Hans Robert Jauss, boundless; Zhou Chen, Yin "Pan", twisted; Spring and Autumn Annals is rigorous, while Left is grandiose. "Yi" is strange and law, "poetry" is rigid and beautiful; Catch "Zhuang" and "Sao", recorded by Taishi; Ziyun, like each other, is a different song. Mr. Yu Wen can be said to be in it and in it.

Learn less and be brave; Long-term communication in the square is suitable for both sides. As a man, Mr Wang Can can be said to be successful.

However, the public does not take people, and the private does not help friends. Postscript, it is easy to be accused. He fled to the south temporarily. Doctor for three years, there is no cure for redundant staff. When can we overcome life and hatred? Warm in winter and cool in summer, young and strong, and my wife is hungry. It's no good to die if your head is bad and your teeth are bad. I don't know this, but instead of teaching people? "

The gentleman said, "Hey, before my son comes! Big wood is a shovel, fine wood is a shovel, and shovel, short, shovel, shovel and wedge are all suitable, which is also the work of craftsmen. Jade Zagreb, Cinnabar, Red Arrow, Qingzhi, Uncle Niu, Mabo, and the skin of defeated drums are all collected, and those who don't use them are good doctors. When choosing a public office, the others are beautiful and outstanding, learning short and long, but the instrument is correct and the prime minister is also a party. In the past, Monk was very argumentative and had a clear channel. He was old enough to travel around the world. Xun Qing is upright, and the great theory is great. He fled to the state of Chu and abandoned Lanling. He is a second Confucian, taking words as the classics and feet as the law, leaving his family and entering the sanctuary in a unique way. What happened to him in this world? Although Mr. Jin is diligent in learning, he doesn't want to learn from it. Although he has many words, he doesn't want to use them. Although his writing is strange and useless, his practice is not seen by the public. Still spend a lot of money every month, very anxious; Children don't know how to plow, and women don't know how to weave; Take a horse and follow the apprentice, sit and eat. As usual, I watched Chen Shui-bian steal things. However, if the Lord does not punish, I will not see it. Isn't this his luck? If you move, you will slander, and the name will follow. It is appropriate to throw idle powder. The loss of business, money and bribes refers to the shortcomings of predecessors in the name of attaching importance to class capital and forgetting their own quantity. The so-called craftsman's fault is not an embarrassment. The doctor wants to lead the year to the sun and wants to enter it.

3. Translation:

Mr. Guo Zi walked into imperial academy in the morning, told the students to stand under the dormitory and taught them: "Learning is specialized because of diligence, but abandoned because of play;" Virtue is gained by independent thinking and corrupted by conformity. Nowadays, when a saint meets a saint, all kinds of laws are implemented. Eliminate evil and promote good. Those who have a little advantage are accepted, and those who have a little talent are not appointed. Select outstanding talents and cultivate talents. Only those who are not good enough are chosen by luck, and those who are not good enough are not promoted. As long as you worry that your studies can't be improved, you don't have to worry that the officials in charge are not wise enough; As long as you are worried that virtue will not achieve any purpose, don't worry about the unfairness of being an official. "

Before the words were finished, someone in the queue laughed: "Sir, are you lying to us? I have served my husband for many years. Mr. Wang kept reading the Six Classics in his mouth, and his hands were turning over the books of a hundred schools of thought. We must sum up and master the outlines of history books, and we must explore explanatory books with profound and subtle meanings. You can gain something by studying extensively, whether it is irrelevant or significant, don't give up; Studying day and night all year round is often very tiring. Mr. Wang's study can be said to be diligent

Resist and refute heresy, reject Buddhism and Taoism, make up the blank of Confucianism, and expound profound and subtle truth. Excavate those ancient Confucianism that have been lost for a long time, and study and inherit them extensively alone. Guiding heresies is like blocking a free-flowing river and guiding them into the sea; Saving Confucianism is like saving the fallen waves. Sir, you have made a contribution to Confucianism.

Immersed in the fragrance of ancient books, I savored it carefully, chewed the essence of it carefully, wrote articles, and the books at home were full. Imitating the laws and regulations of the Xia Dynasty upward has far-reaching and boundless influence; How difficult it is to read the letters patent of Zhou Dynasty and Pan Geng of Yin Dynasty; The language of Spring and Autumn Annals is concise and accurate, while that of Zuo Zhuan is extravagant and flashy. The Book of Changes is wonderful and regular, and the Book of Songs is correct in thought and colorful in rhetoric. Down to Zhuangzi, Li Sao and Historical Records; Yang Xiong and Sima Xiangru's works are equally ingenious, but their tunes are different. Mr. Wang's article can be said to be grand and magnificent.

Mr. Wang began to learn and dare to practice when he was a teenager. When he grew up, he was proficient in etiquette and behaved appropriately. Mr. Wang's life can be said to be perfect

But you can't be trusted in court and you can't get help from your friends in private. In a dilemma, every move is blamed. As soon as he became an empire, he was exiled to a remote area in the south. I have been a doctor for three years, but my post is idle and I can't show my achievements. Your destiny coincides with your enemy, and you suffer from failure from time to time. On a warm day in winter, your child cries cold; Your wife is still crying about hunger for lack of food. Your own head is bald and your teeth are gone. What good is it to die like this? I don't know what to think, but how to teach others? "

Mr. Guo Zi said, "Oh, come to the front! You should know that the roof beams, Joinery Work rafters, bucket rafters, short rafters, door mortars, door bolts, pins and doorposts are all built according to their own conditions, which is the skill of craftsmen. Precious Sanguisorba, Cinnabar, Gastrodia elata, Ganoderma lucidum, Plantago asiatica, Morchella esculenta and rotten drum skin are all put away and stored, and they are not lacking when necessary. This is the genius of doctors. Promote talents, be fair and wise, and select talents with a fair attitude. Smart people and stupid people have to be introduced. Some people are humble and beautiful, while others are bold and outstanding. Compare each other's shortcomings, measure each other's strengths, and assign appropriate positions according to each other's talents and personality. This is the method of prime minister! In the past, Monk was argumentative, and Confucius' method was clear. He traveled all over the world and finally grew old while running. Xun Kuang stuck to the right path and carried forward his grand theory. Because he escaped slanderers, he went to Chu, was deposed and died in Lanling. These two great scholars became classics as soon as they spoke, and became laws as soon as they acted. They were far superior to others, and their virtue and achievements were enough to rank among the saints. But what happened to them in the world? Now, although your husband studies hard, he can't easily follow the rules. Although his remarks are numerous, they are not in line with the main idea. Although his article is surprisingly written, it is not conducive to practical use. Although his behavior is cultured, it is not outstanding from the performance of ordinary people. He still wastes the national salary every month and consumes the grain in the warehouse every year. The son doesn't know how to farm, and the wife doesn't know how to weave; Go out by car and horse, the servant follows, and sit quietly for dinner. The bureau rushed to play cards according to the routine, squinting and stealing old books and words, copying the east and attacking the west. However, isn't it lucky that the wise monarch didn't punish him or was expelled by the prime minister? What you do must be slandered, and your reputation is getting bigger and bigger. It really fits in the idle position. As for measuring the existence of property, I care about the level, forgetting how much talent I have, how much weight I have to match, and criticizing the shortcomings of my superiors. This is equivalent to asking craftsmen why they don't use small wooden stakes as pillars, criticizing doctors for prolonging life with calamus, but introducing his polyporus!

4. Appreciate:

(1) Han Yu's Understanding of Learning, originally published in Tang Xianzong Yuanhe Eight Years (8 13). Han Yu is forty-six years old. He is a doctor of Guo Zixue in Chang 'an, and taught as a student. Going to school means encouraging students to study hard and make continuous progress. Explain, explain, analyze. The full text is called "Jin Xuejie" on the pretext that Mr. Wang advised students to study. Mr. Wang questioned them before answering them. It is actually a work of sighing and expressing anger.

(2) The article is divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph is Mr. Guo Zi's words of encouragement to students. The general idea is: Fang is a saint, a good minister, makes great efforts to govern, and pays attention to selecting and cultivating talents. Therefore, students only need to work hard in both "career" and "career", so they don't have to worry about not being hired, and they don't have to worry about the unfairness of the employing department. "karma" means learning, reading and writing all belong to "karma" "Doing" means doing things for people, and the so-called "expressing one's position" means expressing important opinions. Han Yu believes that these two aspects are important aspects of subjective cultivation. For example, he once wrote five proverbs as a warning to himself. Among them, "You Zhen" lamented that he had enough energy and energy to study when he was a teenager, and now he is older than he was then. Sad to say: "alas! Its ignorance! The abandonment of the gentleman, the return of the villain? " It can be seen that he has never forgotten the importance of learning. Also, "Xing Zhen" requires that his words and deeds conform to justice, thinking that doing so will lead to death. He also said that "thinking" requires you to think carefully about everything you say and do. It can be seen that the teaching of "karma" and "behavior" in Jin Xuejie is not a general statement, but it is indeed the great end of Han Yu's persistent position in the world.

The second paragraph is about students' doubts about the above teaching. The general idea is that Mr. Wang's "career" and "career" are very successful, but they have been bumpy, so what's the use of successful career? First of all, Mr. Wang is very diligent in his studies, and all scholars of the Six Classics are familiar with it. Narrative must remember its outline, and the articles discussed must study its deep meaning, day and night, tirelessly; Mr. Di Shuo criticized the Buddha and saved the day and made great contributions to Confucianism and Taoism. In addition, Mr. Wang has also studied the characters of the pre-Qin and Western Han Dynasties, and he has been proficient in writing ancient Chinese. Finally, Mr. Wang is bold, well-governed and knowledgeable, which can be described as success. Of these four aspects, one and three are equivalent to "karma", and two and four are equivalent to "doing". By studying Han Yu's other poems, we can see that the disciple mentioned here is actually Han Yu's self-evaluation. As far as learning is concerned, he once said that he was "poor in the theory of a hundred schools of thought in Historical Records", "all bamboo slips compiled since Tang Yu" ... have strange meanings and are difficult to reach "(Li Zhishu, assistant minister of the Ministry of War), and he can study the mystery and reach the state of perfection. As far as writing is concerned, he boasts that "the literature is about facts, not history" ("Send Cui 26th to Li Zhi"), and he wants to learn from ancient civilizations and be immortal. As far as defending Confucianism and Taoism is concerned, he said that the unification was not passed down for a long time. Even though Xunzi and Yang Xiong still had shortcomings, they inherited Mencius and revitalized Confucianism (see The Original Road and other articles). As far as people are concerned, he claims to be "arrogant and arrogant, happy when he is evil, humiliated and bullied, and can't bear to hurt" ("Send the Poor"), that is, he adheres to principles, is honest and meticulous; He is quite conceited about his political talent. When he was young, he said that he had studied the gains and losses of the world situation and wanted to move forward to Xiang Jun (see Cui Lizhi's reply). Although some of these comments were ridiculed by later generations, for example, some people criticized him for being impure in Confucianism and Taoism, on the whole, he did make considerable achievements in these aspects. However, its experience is not smooth. The following classmate said that "the past and the future are easy to blame", which is an overview of its ups and downs. When he was young, he thought fame was at his fingertips. However, after four Jinshi examinations, he was still able to win, and then he was debugged three times in the official department. He failed to get an official position, so he had to take refuge in Fangzhen as his staff. At the age of thirty-five, he was awarded four doctorates (lower than Dr. Guo Zi). The following year, Du Jian, in the winter of the same year, was demoted to the county magistrate of Yangshan (now Guangdong) in Lianzhou. Three years later, Dr. Ren Guo Zi was recalled from Chang 'an. At that time, Xian Zong acceded to the throne to quell the rebellion of Zhou Xia and Jiannan buffer region, which showed the atmosphere of ZTE. However, Han Yu failed to show his arms, but was caught in slanderous remarks. The next year, he had to ask to leave Chang 'an and go to Luoyang to be a doctor of Guo Zi. Later, he served as a staff member of the magistrate of Henan Province and Shangshu Province. At the age of seven and forty-five, Zhiyuan became a doctor in Guo Zi. The so-called "three doctors are redundant, but they are not cured", that is, one is four doctors and two are doctors in Guo Zi. Spare, idle. Doctors are regarded as idle officials. If you don't see governance, you can't show your political talents. "From head to toe" is also a portrayal of the real situation. Han Yu aged before he was old. By the age of 35, his teeth had turned white. By the time he wrote Jin Xuejie, he was even balder, leaving only a dozen teeth teetering there. His career was frustrated and his physique declined, which made him indignant and heartbroken. In fact, a student's long speech was just "unfair" in order to spit out a piece in his chest.

The third paragraph is Mr. Wang's answer to a stranger. Taking artisans and doctors as metaphors, it shows that the "prime minister's side" lies in being able to stick to one pattern and do what one can. It is said that Monk and Xun Kuang are saints, but they are not on earth. Then I was idle, and I had nothing to complain about. Finally, if you don't know enough, don't you think this is tantamount to asking the Prime Minister to use small materials? Saying that Han Yu "studied hard but didn't win reunification" is obviously not what Han Yu meant, but is actually a satire. "If you move, you will be embarrassed, and the name will follow." It means that you are often vilified, but at the same time your reputation is getting bigger and bigger. This is even more ironic. The so-called "name" here mainly refers to the reputation of writing and imparting "ancient prose". His "Five Proverbs and Famous Articles" said that because of his well-written articles, he was a teacher (in fact, he publicized the theory of "ancient prose"), which caused resentment. "Answer to Liu" also said: "The more unfortunate, the more famous, the name exists in name only, and the slander is returned." According to Liu Zongyuan's Answer to Wei Zhongli's Storytelling, Han Yu had to leave Chang 'an in a hurry because the writer said that he later taught and was slandered. As for Meng and Xun's failure to meet at such a time, it seems to be due to the luck of masturbation; In fact, it also contains indignation at this unreasonable social phenomenon throughout the ages. He saw that, whether in history or in real life, there are always "fewer sages and more unscrupulous people", while the sages are always frustrated or even unable to survive, while the unpretentious ones are "shine on you is purple" and "full of ambition". He asked indignantly, "I wonder what the creator thinks!" " "(see" with Cui "for all) This is exactly what more upright intellectuals in feudal times often felt. What is commendable is that Han Yu did not agree. He said, "Little gentlemen, our hearts are different. Only when you are good at grasping time can you connect with the sky. "("Send the Poor ") is determined to adhere to ethics. I would rather be poor at that time and pursue the good name of" not grinding ".

(3) The interpretation of knowledge shows the anguish of honest, talented and ambitious intellectuals in feudal times and criticizes unreasonable social phenomena, which is of typical significance, so it never stops. In addition, the second paragraph about ancient prose writing can help us understand his ancient prose theory and literature, which is also worthy of attention. The object he cited ended in the Western Han Dynasty, because after the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were more and more parallel prose elements in the articles, which did not conform to the ancient writers' idea of advocating prose. In addition to Confucian classics, there are Zhuangzi, Historical Records, Songs of the South, Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong's Essays. These works are often magnificent and extraordinary, which is why Han Yu is so excellent. He once called Qu Yuan, Monk, Sima Qian, Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong "ancient heroes" (a reply to Cui Lizhi's book). This is quite different from some critics who unilaterally opposed "Tao" and the aesthetic characteristics of literature in the early days of the ancient prose movement, and even despised writers below Qu Yuan and Song Yu.

Jin Xuejie expresses the feeling of not meeting each other in the form of questions and answers, which has existed since ancient times. In the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Fangshuo wrote "Answering a Guest Difficult", and Yang Xiong wrote "Xiechao" imitating "Answering a Guest Difficult". Later, there were many authors. However, Jin Xuejie can still give people a sense of freshness. This is related to its good at change. For example, in the second paragraph, Mr. Wang's ability was written in a large section, which was vast and unrestrained; Then write down the unexpected in a few words, with a strong tone. In the meantime, a sharp turn was naturally formed, and the overall momentum of the whole section was hearty. The third paragraph is peaceful and modest, and it seems that the anger is gone; Under careful taste, I feel bitter, helpless, resentful and ironic, in contrast to the second paragraph. For another example, the whole article is sad and thought-provoking, but it is humorous in some places. If the teacher inculcates and has a solemn attitude, the students are laughing; In order to convince his disciples, Mr. Wang had to sell himself short and even claimed to steal Chen Shui-bian. These places show that Mr. Wang is really passive and funny. In short, although the structure of the full text is simple, its internal momentum and interest are varied and chewy. The reason why people feel fresh is related to the vividness and novelty of their language. For example, describing Mr. Wang's diligent study as "endless" and "easy to get", describing his mediocrity as "following the rules to get promoted, spying on Chen Bian as a thief" and describing his talent selection and training as "crawling around, picking and picking, moistening things silently" not only turns the abstract into concrete, but also makes the image conscious. As for the words "bite off more than one can chew", "don't donate too much", "full of elegance", "crooked teeth", "making different songs together", "always taking the blame" and "leaving it in an idle place", they are unique and concise, and have become common idioms today. Another example is "industry is good at diligence, and you don't think about it; What you do in your mind is destroyed in the follow-up, and so on. Refine rich life experience into short sentences, which are thought-provoking, just like proverbs. In a short article, there are so many original sentences that people can't help but marvel at the author's creativity in literary language. In addition, the system of this paper follows Yang Xiong's "abridgement", adopts rhyming fu style, and uses a large number of neatly arranged sentence patterns, which makes it sound forceful and catchy, and also increases its artistic charm.

5. Introduction to the author:

Han Yu (768 ~ 824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Return the word. Henan (now Meng County, Henan Province) people, Hebei Changli people. Self-proclaimed county king Changli, known as Han Changli in the world. Assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. As far as literary achievements are concerned, he is as famous as Liu Zongyuan and is called "Liu Han". He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, advocating articles in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, which Shi Sheng called "the decline of eight generations of literature". It is the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.

Han Yu was lonely at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. In his early years, he was displaced and had a hard life. He had the ambition to study the world. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. At the age of 20, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, but I failed the third exam. At the age of 25 ~ 35, he was a scholar first, and all three attempts to understand Hongci failed. He went to Jin Dong in Bianzhou and Zhang Jianfeng in Xuzhou as shogunate generals. Later, he returned to Beijing as a doctor from four universities. 36 ~ 49 years old, as a supervisor of the empire, please reduce taxes and demote Yangshan order because of drought and famine. Xian zong went back to the north as a doctor of the country and was tired of being an official for the right bastard of the prince. But I am depressed. 50 ~ 57 years old, first recruited Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Because of remonstrance, the Buddha's bones greeted, and Chaozhou's secretariat fell. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon after, he returned to North Korea, and successively served as a wine festival, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, assistant minister of the Ministry of Official Affairs, and Beijing. More successful politically. After his death, Wen Gong was called Han Official Department and Han Wen Gong. Poetry strives to be novel, bold and imposing.