Lu Xun’s novels are not numerous in number, but they are of great significance. Only with Lu Xun did Chinese novels focus on the broader subject area of ??the lowest class of society and describe the daily life and mental conditions of these people at the bottom. This is inseparable from Lu Xun's creative purpose. Lu Xun said: "I draw my materials mostly from the unfortunate people in the sick society, which means to expose the suffering and attract attention to cure." ("Nan Qian Bei Diao Ji·How do I start writing novels") This kind of expression of life The purpose of his creation is to improve life, so he mainly describes the most common tragic fates of the most ordinary people, such as Kong Yiji, Hua Laoshuan, Sister-in-law Shan, Ah Q, Chen Shicheng, Sister Xianglin, and Aigu. These people live at the bottom of society and most need sympathy, compassion, care and love from the people around them. However, in the Chinese society at that time that lacked sincere love, what people gave them was insult, discrimination, indifference and callousness. Is this kind of society a normal society? Is this kind of interpersonal relationship a reasonable interpersonal relationship? What makes us most sad is that they live in a loveless world and are deeply tortured by life, but they have nothing to do with each other. They also lack sincere sympathy and adopt an attitude of indifferent spectatorship or even appreciation for the tragic fate of their own kind, and vent their resentment accumulated when they are oppressed and bullied by bullying those who are weaker than themselves. In "Kong Yiji", there is a blouse customer who maliciously mocks Kong Yiji; in "The True Story of Ah Q", others bully Ah Q, and Ah Q bullies a little nun who is weaker than him; in "Blessing", Lu The villagers in the town regarded the tragedy of Mrs. Xianglin as an interesting story... All of this made people feel a chill to the bones. What a cruel and ruthless world this is! What a twisted life this is! Lu Xun's attitude towards them was "sorry for their misfortune, angry for their inability to fight". Lu Xun loved them, but he hoped that they would wake up, hope that they could be self-reliant, self-reliant, self-reliant, stand upright as human beings, and strive for their own happy future.
In addition to the images of characters at the bottom of society, Lu Xun also created some images of newly awakened intellectuals. These intellectuals had demands for progress, good wishes to improve society, and sincere feelings and love for others and themselves, but the society at that time could not tolerate them. The "madman" curses the phenomenon of cannibalism and hopes that everyone can become a "non-cannibal" and a "real person". People around him will regard him as a madman and want to get rid of him ("Diary of a Madman") 》); , when he no longer cared about Chinese society, people around him came to curry favor with him ("The Lonely"). Lu Weifu in "At the Restaurant" and Zijun and Juansheng in "Sorrow" all pursued and struggled for society and themselves, but in the stagnant and backward Chinese society, they all experienced tragic fates. Lu Xun's sympathy for these intellectuals meant that he sympathized with Chinese society and cared about the fate of the Chinese nation, because in the society at that time, only these intellectuals were still struggling for social progress.
Lu Xun had a deep hatred for two types of people in society, namely the powerful and the hypocrites.
His essays should be the first to most fully embody Lu Xun’s creative spirit and creativity. "Zawen" has been around since ancient times, and similar examples can be found in foreign prose. However, it was only in the history of modern Chinese culture and in the hands of Lu Xun that the style of "zawen" showed its unique artistic charm and huge ideas. potential. Lu Xun's essays can be said to be an "epic" of modern Chinese culture. They not only record Lu Xun's lifelong battle achievements, but also record the ideological and cultural history of China in Lu Xun's era. Ancient Chinese culture is not like Western culture. The Western Middle Ages were under the rule of a religious culture, Christian culture. As long as it breaks free from the shackles and imprisonment of this religious culture, Western modern culture will have the power to develop. Ancient Chinese culture is composed of various cultural synergies. In the process of development and evolution for thousands of years, various cultures have been mixed together. When modern Chinese intellectuals want to create creations that adapt to the modern development of China, When we study new culture and new ideas, we encounter slander and attacks from various classes, from various characters, from various angles, and in various ways. Lu Xun's essays were naturally formed in this ideological and cultural struggle with no fixed fronts and no fixed opponents. Since the May Fourth Movement, Lu Xun began to use essays to fight against various arguments against the new culture, but he was still unconscious at that time. Later, some people began to laugh at him for being an "essayist", and then he became more clearly aware of the power of "essays" and began to consciously engage in the creation of essays. Lu Xun said that essays are "the nerve of induction", which can "immediately react or fight against harmful things", thereby opening up a winding path for the development of new culture and new ideas in the thorny jungle of old culture and old ideas. The winding road enables it to exist, develop and grow. Lu Xun wrote "Grave", "Hot Wind", "Huagai Collection", "Huagai Collection Sequel", "Sanxian Collection", "Erxin Collection", "Nanqianbei Diao Collection", "Pseudo Free Letter", "Quasi Feng Yue Tan", "Lace Literature" and "Qie" in his lifetime. "Jie Ting's Essays", "Qie Jie Ting's Essays in Two Collections", "Qie Jie Ting's Essays in the Final Collection" and other 15 collections of essays. In these 15 collections of essays, Lu Xun extended his brushwork to various cultural phenomena and different social classes. There are various characters, including ruthless revelations, angry accusations, sharp criticisms, bitter satires, witty humor, detailed analysis, decisive judgments, passionate expressions, and pain. There are kind encouragements and warm praises, the writing is galloping, the words are brilliant, and the forms are diverse and changeable. It completely breaks the shackles of the "gentle and honest" aesthetic style of ancient Chinese prose, expresses modern people's emotions and emotional experiences more freely and boldly, and opens up a broader path for the development of Chinese prose. The status of Lu Xun's essays in the history of modern Chinese literature cannot be denied.
In his later years, Lu Xun also completed a collection of novels "New Stories" (published in 1936). This collection of novels is based on ancient Chinese myths, legends and historical facts, but it does not stick to the original stories, but adds Lu Xun's own understanding and imagination. Some of them also adopt a writing technique that blends ancient and modern times, making the ancients Have a direct dialogue with modern people. The purpose of Lu Xun's doing this is to enable us to give a vivid and real look to ancient characters through our feelings and understanding of real characters, and also to have a deeper feel and understanding of some real characters through our feelings and understanding of ancient characters. Real face. Through the novels in "New Stories", Lu Xun actually reconstructed the cultural history of China, revealed the basis for the existence and development of the Chinese nation, and also reshaped the images of historical figures sanctified by Chinese feudal literati.
"Mending the Sky" can be considered the "Creation" of the Chinese nation. In Lu Xun's view, it is not the ancient sages, emperors and generals who truly embody the fundamental spirit of the Chinese nation, but Nuwa, who created the Chinese nation. She is the source and symbol of the vitality of the Chinese nation; "Flying to the Moon" is about the tragedy of ancient heroes. Yi shot down the Nine Suns and saved mankind. However, those selfish and narrow-minded people in the world do not want to inherit and carry forward his heroic spirit. They only want to Using him to achieve his own selfish and narrow purposes, he was plotted by his students and abandoned by his wife; "Forging Swords" expresses the theme of the oppressed's revenge on the oppressors; "Liquing Water" and "Fei Gong" praise In addition to those practical politicians and thinkers in ancient China, Yu and Mo Zhai are the backbone figures of the Chinese nation. Historical figures such as Confucius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Boyi and Shuqi have also become somewhat ridiculous but still lovely living characters in Lu Xun's writings. Lu Xun's "New Stories" uses absurd techniques to express serious themes and creates a completely new way of writing historical novels.
Lu Xun's ideological and artistic creativity is astonishing. He has his own brand-new creations in various types of creations, including short stories, essays, prose poems, historical novels, and essays. This makes him the greatest Chinese writer in the 20th century and a world-wide literary master. His life was a life of struggle for the survival and development of the Chinese nation. He used his pen to uphold social justice, resist power, protect young people, and cultivate new forces. In the early days, he enthusiastically supported the just struggle of young students, exposed the Duan Qirui government's criminal acts of suppressing the student movement and creating the "March 18th" massacre, and wrote a series of shocking articles such as "In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen"; Later, he opposed the Kuomintang government's bloody suppression of communists and progressive youths, joined the Left-wing Writers Alliance and the China Civil Rights Protection Alliance, and wrote a series of articles full of justice, courage and righteousness, such as "For the Memory of Forgotten". "Lu Xun has the hardest bones. He has no trace of servility or obsequiousness. This is the most precious character of the colonial and semi-colonial people." (Mao Zedong: "On New Democracy")
1936 On October 19, Lu Xun died in Shanghai. Thousands of ordinary people came to see him off on their own initiative, and his coffin was covered with a flag with the words "National Soul" written on it.
Lu Xun's famous sayings
Lu Xun's old-style poems:
1. With a cold eyebrow, he points his fingers at a thousand men, bowing his head and willing to be like a ox. (Lu Xun·Self-mockery)
2. The message is cold and the star is not noticed, but I recommend Xuanyuan with my blood. (Lu Xun·Self-titled Portrait)
3. Lian Guangyu has a vast mind and listens to thunder in a silent place. (Lu Xun·Untitled)
4. The blood-fertile Central Plains is full of fertile grass, and the cold and frozen earth blooms with spring blossoms. (Lu Xun·Untitled)
5. I can’t bear to watch my friends become new ghosts, and look for poems in the sword bush angrily. (Lu Xun)
6. A ruthless person may not be a true hero. How can one pity his son but not his husband? (Lu Xun)
7. The brothers are here to survive all the tribulations. When they meet, they smile and forget their grudges. (Lu Xun)
8. There is no pride like the old days, when flowers bloom and fall. (Lu Xun·Mourning Yang Quan)
Lu Xun’s famous sayings:
1. Time is like water in a sponge. As long as you are willing to squeeze, there is always time.
2. If you only read books, it will become a bookcase.
3. I seem to be a cow, eating grass and squeezing out milk.
4. I hope that all Chinese young people will get rid of the air conditioning and just move up, without having to listen to the words of those who give up on themselves.
5. In fact, there is no road on the ground. When there are more people walking, it becomes a road.
6. Where there is genius, I spend all the time others drink coffee on working.
7. Only the national soul is valuable, and only when it is carried forward can China truly progress.
8. Calm, courageous, discerning, and not selfish.
9. The harder it is, the harder it is to do it. Reform is never smooth sailing.
10. Our current top priorities are: first, survival, second, food and clothing, and third, development.
11. You must dare to face it, only then can you dare to think, speak, do and act.
12. Those who were once prosperous should be restored, those who are still prosperous should maintain the status quo, and those who have never been prosperous should be reformed. This is probably the case, probably!
13. Human beings are never lonely and believe that life is progressive and innate.
14. As long as it has always been like this, it is a treasure...
15. Facts are ruthless things that can smash empty words into pieces.
16. Lies written in ink can never conceal the facts written in blood.
17. In fact, pioneers can easily become stumbling blocks.
18. If you are greedy for stability, you will not have freedom. To be free, you have to go through some dangers. There are only two ways.
19. If you have to take care of everything, then nothing can be done.
20. Time is life. Wasting other people's time for no reason is actually tantamount to seeking money and killing people.
21. It is very bad to do something without perseverance, no matter how big or small.
22. If the dead are not buried in the hearts of the living, they are really dead.
23. It can be intense quickly, peaceful quickly, or even decadent quickly.
24. It is always harder to transform yourself than to forbid others.
25. As long as you can cultivate a flower, you might as well become a rotten grass.
26. When I am silent, I feel full; when I speak, I feel empty.
27. The past life is dead. I rejoice greatly in this death, for by this I know that it once lived.
28. The life of death has decayed. I rejoice greatly in this decay, for by this I know that it is not empty.
29. But I am calm and happy. I will laugh and I will sing.
30. I love my weeds, but I hate the ground decorated with weeds.
31. When I become ashes, you will see my smile!
32. If you don’t break out in silence, you will perish in silence.