1. Quoting refers to directly quoting others' words, and paraphrasing refers to paraphrasing others' words. Therefore, when the quoted sentence becomes a transitive sentence, the first person "I" of the speaker should be changed to the third person "he" or "she". For example, Zhang Tong said, "I must insist on long-distance running." ?

Zhang Tong said that he must insist on long-distance running. ?

2. Change the law when the quoted content involves other people.

My sister said, "You're right, I'll do it." ?

Change: My sister said I was right, and she did it. ?

The above example involves the second person, and it should be changed to the first person when it is changed to a transitive sentence. It should also be noted that the contents before the colon and quotation marks remain unchanged. ?

3. Transitive sentences should be changed into quotation sentences, the third person "he" or "she" should be changed into the first person "I", and the speech content involving the first person should be changed into the second person. ?

The old monitor said, "I didn't finish the task and take care of you." ?

The old monitor said that he didn't finish the task and didn't take good care of us.

Anti-use, also known as "anti-quotation", refers to judging the quoted sentences and holding a negative attitude, that is, the meaning used is opposite to the original intention, in order to achieve originality or play an ironic role.

Reverse use can also be divided into three categories in form. The first is to record the original text and then deny or correct it; The second is to change the original text directly, so that the meaning used in this article is opposite to the original text; The third category is to introduce the main idea of the original text and then raise objections.

Extended data:

Transitive sentences convey what others say. Punctuation changes: direct sentences should be changed into transitive sentences, colons should be changed into commas, double quotation marks should be removed, periods should be added, and third-person statements should be changed; When transitive sentences are changed into straight sentences, colons and quotation marks should be added, and then periods should be added, that is, from the third person to the first person.

Quoting or paraphrasing others' words is called "quoting". Direct reference, marked with quotation marks on both sides, is called direct reference; Reporting others' words in one's own language without quotation marks is called indirect speech. In fact, indirect speech is mostly an object clause (except the indirect speech transformed from imperative sentences, which is infinitive after transformation).

Then direct speech is declarative sentence, general question, special question and imperative sentence. When converting into indirect speech, we should change the sentence structure, person, tense, adverbial of time and adverbial of place.

Citation format: generally mentioned in the notes of the article or written directly in the article, or quoted (not required within 20 words).

According to whether the reference place is clear, there are clear references and implied references; According to the difference between the quoted text and the original text, there are direct quotation and intentional quotation; According to the correctness of deduction or theme, there are true quotations and false quotations.

For example:

Brown (1983: 23 1) thinks that communicative approach is a more effective method in English teaching. (There is the author's name in the quotation, and the information in brackets is the year and page number. Page number information can be omitted here)

2) Quoting Bert (1977), Milroy (1980: 135) pointed out that ... (Another author was quoted in the indirect speech).

3) The previous report (Blake, 1977) indicated the importance of this prior knowledge. (The author's name does not appear in the quotation, so it should be given in brackets. )

4) Some researchers have confirmed the limitations of this method (Koo,1985; Manson,1961; Watkins, 1979) (if you need to quote more than one author, but use this format)

5) Students may confuse the object-relative mode with the subject-relative mode (Abbott, 1969, quoted from Ponsonby 1990: 36) (indirectly quoting another author, with author information provided in brackets).

Please note that the bibliography must include books or articles directly or indirectly cited by the paper; In addition, if the author of the paper wishes, he can also list books or articles that the author has read but not quoted in the process of research and writing.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Transitive Sentences