The story of Confucius: 1 One of Confucius' students found something dirty falling into the pot while cooking porridge. He quickly scooped it up with a spoon and was about to dump it, when it suddenly occurred to him that a porridge and a meal were hard to come by. So I ate it. It happened that Confucius walked into the kitchen and thought he was stealing vegetables, so he taught the classmate who was in charge of cooking. After the explanation, everyone suddenly realized. Confucius said with emotion, "What I saw with my own eyes is not true, let alone hearsay?" 2. Confucius, learning while learning, was an aristocrat in the Song Dynasty, and later declined. When he was three years old, his father died, and his mother took him to Qufu, the capital of Lu, not far from Qiaoyi, and lived a poor life. Lu was recognized as the cultural center at that time, and it preserved many ancient Shang and Zhou cultures, only Song Like. There are enough ceremonies, such as marriage, death and ancestor worship. Of course, the poor can't say this, but from kings, princes and doctors to ordinary slave owners and wealthy families, they all pay special attention to this. They think it is a good opportunity to show off their wealth. Whenever there is a big wedding or funeral, they will hire a group of people to hold the ceremony. People who were engaged in this profession at that time were called "Confucian scholars". Influenced by this ancient culture since childhood, Confucius learned a lot of ancient etiquette. Even when playing games, he often used small pieces of wood as sacrifices and small clay balls as offerings to practice ancient etiquette, and he always enjoyed it and developed into a political proposition of governing the country with courtesy. Therefore, later generations called the doctrine advocated by Confucius "Confucianism". 3. In a threesome, there must be a teacher. When Confucius was a child, his family was poor and it was difficult to get a good education. However, he is very studious and often regards others as his teachers, even though he is asking about Xiang Tuo, a seven-year-old child. He once "paid tribute to Lao Heng", "happily visited Changhong", "studied under the famous piano", and Confucius' story "studied under Tan Zi's official system" ... Once, Wang Tan Zi, a vassal of Lu State, came to Lu State to appear before him. Although Zanzi is the king of a small country, he can claim to be a descendant of Shao Luo. At the banquet hosted by Lu, Uncle Sun asked Shao Luo why he took the bird name as the official name. Zanzi talked about the origin of the ancient official name, and also took the opportunity to boast that "my great-grandfather was a little loyal and the phoenix bird was suitable, so he was disciplined by birds." After hearing this, Confucius thought that his behavior was ridiculous, but he did study the ancient official system, so he "met Si Qi". 4. Gentleness, and then the gentleman Confucius has a famous saying. From The Analects of Confucius Yongye: "Confucius said:' Quality is better than literature, literature is better than history, gentle and gentle, and then a gentleman'." According to the meaning, writing and literary talent; Quality, simplicity; Binbin, mixed phase. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Zhu annotated The Analects of Confucius: "Scholars should make up for the loss, but as for virtue, it was unexpected." Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Confucius Justice" in Qing Dynasty: "Rites are of quality, and texts are also. Quality, this is also. No ceremony without foundation, no words, can be done. " Confucius said "Wen" refers to the external expression of ceremony; "Quality" refers to the inner benevolence. Only when you have the inner character of "benevolence" and can show it in a polite way can you become a "gentleman" The relationship between literature and quality is the relationship between courtesy and benevolence. This article embodies the ideal personality of "gentleman" that Confucius highly praised; The other embodies his consistent golden mean: that is, he does not advocate emphasizing literature over partiality, nor does he advocate emphasizing quality over partiality; It is not easy to be impartial and have the best of both worlds, but it has gone too far. "Confucius said,' The writings of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, the quality of Yu Xia, are the best. Yu Xia's text is unparalleled in quality; The quality of Yin and Zhou Dynasties is beyond words; How easy is it to say that the quality of words is good? "(The Book of Rites) 5. Confucius' famous saying of staying away from ghosts and gods. From The Analects of Confucius: "Fan Chi asked about knowledge, and Confucius said,' Serving the people and staying away from ghosts and gods can be described as knowledge'". Zhu Note: "Devote yourself to what is suitable for human beings, and you can know it without being confused by the unknowability of ghosts and gods." (Notes on the Analects of Confucius) In Qing Dynasty, Liu Baonan interpreted this sentence as: "It means to respect ghosts and gods with courtesy" (Justice of the Analects of Confucius). "Book of Rites": "Confucius said:' Xia Dao respects life, ghosts and gods are separated, and they are loyal; Yin people respect God, lead civil gods, and worship ghosts before rituals; People in the Zhou dynasty respected the ceremony and gave it, while ghosts respected God and stayed away, being close and loyal. "Combined with the language told by Confucius above, we can see that Confucius holds a different view of ghosts and gods from Xia and Shang Dynasties, and teaches to learn from Zhou Dao. On the premise of acknowledging the existence of ghosts and gods, Confucius also suggested that we should neither despise ghosts and gods nor approach them, which is different from emphasizing that people are ahead of ghosts and gods in daily life and social activities (The Analects of Confucius is advanced: "Lu Ji asked ghosts and gods, and Confucius said,' If you can't serve people, how can you serve ghosts? ") attitude. 6. Confucius' famous saying: He already wants to stand up and stand up, and he already wants to achieve it. From "The Analects of Confucius Yongye", Confucius answered Zigong and asked Ren: "The benevolent wants to stand and stand, and he wants to reach people, which can be compared. It can be said that the benevolent side has already existed. " Zhu noted the Analects of Confucius: "He who thinks about himself and others has a benevolent heart. From this point of view, you can see the natural flow and have no leisure. " Ruan Yuan's "Classroom Collection" in Qing Dynasty: "Take pains and achieve something; Diligently teach people and make them become talents. Standing, such as' standing at thirty'; Those within reach, such as' in Bangbida, at home'. "This sentence or say, you want to stand up, also want to let others stand up, you want everything to work, also want to let others work. Therefore, it embodies the way of "forgiveness and benevolence" advocated by Confucius, that is, the practical way and method of "benevolence" Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you, which is the high standard of "forgiveness", that is, to practice benevolence in a positive sense, while the low standard is to push what you hate and others without adding evil, that is, to practice benevolence in a negative sense (see The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan: Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you), and to push others and know others by yourself, that is. 7. Words must be kept, and deeds must bear fruit of the famous saying of ancient Confucius. The Analects of Confucius said: "Confucius said,' Words are endless, but I believe in the past and steal my old Peng.'" Biography of Hanshu Scholars: Confucius "learned ancient and modern texts", narrated books, and said, "On poetry, Yin Lu Spring and Autumn Period, changed the Book of Changes", "all because of the near sacred things, in order to establish the teaching of the former king. Therefore, it is said that' words without deeds, letters are ancient'. " Zhu Zhu notes the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius deleted poems, books, rituals, music, praised the Book of Changes and revised the Spring and Autumn Annals, all of which were handed down by his predecessors, but he never did anything." Its sentence means to pass on the old chapter without making it, and to obey and love ancient culture. "Doing nothing" and "cherishing the past" are the summary of Confucius' life teaching and academic research career, and also reflect his principles of sorting out historical and cultural heritage and his basic attitude towards ancient culture. By "not doing", Zhu thought that Confucius "did more than he did" (ibid.). Then scholars think that Confucius actually wrote and wrote. 8. Be sensitive and cautious when saying Confucius' famous words. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said:' A gentleman does not have enough to eat and is restless. He is sensitive to things and cautious in speaking. The Analects of Confucius: "A gentleman speaks slowly but acts quickly". The same meaning. It means diligent and agile, but careful in speaking. Zhu Note: "Anyone who is sensitive to things is unwilling to do so. Those who are cautious dare not do everything they have. " ("The Analects of Confucius") explained: "It is difficult to do things, so it is sensitive; Words are easy to say, so be careful. " (Zhuzi Folklore, Volume 22) In addition, it is also recorded in Xunzi Zidao, Hanshu Yiwenzhi and Shuoyuan Zayan that Confucius Lutz is "cautious about what he says". 9. Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is almost a famous saying of Confucius. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said,' Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous. ""confused ",confused. Zheng Xuan Note: Ignorance, ignorance. "Danger" has two meanings: first, danger, and doubt cannot be determined. One is exhausted, mentally exhausted and without income. A current solution. This sentence can be combined with the chapter "Review the past and learn the new". Close friend Yang Shuda's note: "Those who look back on the past but can't learn new things learn without thinking, and those who want to know new things without looking back on the past think without learning." Confucius advocated paying equal attention to learning and thinking, which had a great influence on Confucius' younger brother. For example, Xia Zi said he was knowledgeable and thoughtful, while the golden mean said he was knowledgeable and thoughtful. They all thought that learning and thinking should not be neglected. 10, it is also a famous saying of Confucius not to believe in people who don't know what they can do. From the Analects of Confucius, "Confucius said:' People don't believe it, and they don't know what they can do. "Zheng Xuan note:" I don't know what I can do, so it's not feasible to say it. ".Kong Anguo's Note:" If you don't believe what you say, there is nothing left. ".Zhu said:" If there is no truth and sincerity in a person's face, then everything he says is false. " ("Zhuzi School" Volume 24) Jiang's close friend divided this letter into two meanings: "What you said must be true; What you say must be practiced. "Confucius and later Confucianism attached great importance to faith." "What you say must be done, and what you do must be fruitful" (The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong) is Confucius' life principle. 1 1. From The Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said,' A gentleman speaks without doing anything'". Bao Xian notes: "Stupid, dull. If you want to talk late, you will want to get sick. " Zhu quoted Xie as saying: "it's easy to speak, so I want to be plain;" It is difficult to practice, so I want to be sensitive. " There are many synonymous sentences in The Analects of Confucius, such as "Be careful in the end, you will regret" (politics), "The ancients can't speak, they are not ashamed to bow" (establishing a man), and "A gentleman is ashamed to do what he says" (virtuous writing), all of which can reflect Confucius' consistent thought of being cautious in speaking. See "Sensitivity and Caution". 12. If Germany is not alone, there must be neighboring holes. From the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said,' If you are not alone, you must have neighbors'." 13. Listen to what you say and observe what you do. Gongye Chang's The Analects: "Slaughter day and night. Confucius said,' Rotten wood cannot be carved, nor can dung walls be carved. What is the punishment given? "Confucius said,' I first applied it to people, and I listened to his words and believed in his actions.' Confucius said in Shuo Yuan Zun Xian: "A husband can learn from others and watch his words and deeds ... so watch his words first and slap his actions." Dai Li Ji My Brother De: "Confucius said,' If you want to convince people with words, you want to control them with evil. ""that's the chapter. Zhu quoted Hu's comment: Confucius listened to his words and observed his actions, so we set up a police disciple group to make our words more sensitive to our actions. " (Notes on the Analects of Confucius) 14. Sensitive and eager to learn, I am not ashamed to ask Confucius' famous words. The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang: "Zi Gong asked,' Why does Confucius call it a literary work?' Confucius said,' You are eager to learn and are not ashamed to ask questions, so you can speak and write.' "Kong Wenzi, Doctor Who." "Wen" is his death. Zhu note: "mortals are sensitive to learning more, but difficult to learn." People in high positions are ashamed to ask questions. "Therefore, it is difficult for people to use' diligent and inquisitive' to cover the funeral law." (Notes on the Analects of Confucius) also said: "The ancient people eulogized widely", "Confucius and Wen Zi are not firm, but they should learn from others" (Zhuzi Language, Volume 29). I wonder if the little girl is right? I hope I can help you (I have overfulfilled my task)