Introduction: Cai Yuanpei (January 11, 1868 - March 5, 1940), also known as Heqing, also known as Zhongshen, Minyou, Jiemin, nicknamed Apei, and once used the pseudonym Cai Zhen , Zhou Ziyu, Han nationality, was born in Shanyin County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), originally from Zhuji, Zhejiang. Revolutionary, educator, politician. Democratic progressive, member of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, member of the National Government and president of the Supervisory Yuan. The first Director-General of Education of the Republic of China. The following are Cai Yuanpei’s quotations. Everyone is welcome to read and pay attention. Cai Yuanpei's classic quotations
1. The Chinese are a nation rich in beauty.
2. Including major ceremonies and attracting many families; free thinking and inclusiveness.
3. Sports can help people undergo physical and mental exercise.
4. Human health depends not only on diet, but also on exercise.
5. If you want to have a good society, you must first have good individuals. If you want to have good individuals, you must first have good education.
6. A great scholar is a person who studies profound knowledge.
7. During normal times, he would indulge in leisure activities, and during the exams, he would read the lecture notes thoroughly, regardless of whether he had knowledge or not, but only strive for the number of scores; after the test was over, the books would be shelved in a high cabinet, without any hesitation, and he would perfunctoryly scribble for three or four years. After all, once you get a diploma, you can use it to get active in society. Isn’t it completely contrary to your original intention of studying? It’s a self-mistake to waste time and learn nothing.
8. The so-called sound personality is divided into four types of education, namely: (1) physical education, (2) intellectual education, (3) moral education, and (4) aesthetic education. ?School education pays attention to students' sound personality, so students should be proactive everywhere.
9. Hopes for students: 1. Respect themselves. 2. Turn loneliness into unity. 3. A true understanding of one’s own academic abilities. 4. Planned exercise.
10. Moral education is actually the foundation of a complete personality. If there is no virtue, although the body and intelligence are developed, it will only help the person to do evil and it will be useless.
11. If one has no virtue, then although his body and mind are developed, it will be enough to help him do evil.
12. Aesthetic educators are those who apply aesthetic theories to education with the purpose of cultivating emotions. ?Aesthetic educators are those who complement intellectual education in order to complete moral education.
13. Pure aesthetic education cultivates people's emotions, makes them have noble and pure habits, and makes people's views on others and thoughts of self-interest and harm to others gradually disappear. Because beauty is universal, no one can participate in it with the difference between me and myself. ?Because of its ordinary nature, beauty no longer has the relationship between human beings and me, so it cannot have any relationship of interest.
14. Beauty follows the pleasure of transcendence, is a universal judgment, has no rules but has rules, has no concepts but is inevitable.
15. As everyone knows, only with a sound body can one have a sound spirit; if the body is weak, how can the mind and spirit be developed? In other words, the spirit cannot be free unless the body is tortured. However, the so-called hardship is meant to train people, not to make them weak to suffer themselves.
16. Education is to help the educated people, so that they can develop their own abilities, complete their personality, and play their part in human culture; it is not to turn the educated people into a kind of It is a special tool for people with other purposes to use. Education requires the balanced development of individuality and community.
17. Those who know how to educate should rather adhere to nature than abide by the law; rather than pursue uniformity, they would rather express their individuality.
18. Educators are not for the past or the present, but for the future.
19. The teaching of teachers and the tasks of staff are all to facilitate your study. Can you be indifferent? You should treat each other with sincerity and respect. As for classmates who are in the same room, they should especially love each other so that they can learn from each other. Not only should we be open and honest, but we should also help each other in accordance with justice, build the same school, and destroy others. Among classmates, there are those who have bad morals and wrong conduct, and are scorned by the society. Even though they are doing the right thing, they cannot defend themselves, so they must encourage each other.
20. When we teach, we want to arouse students’ interest in reading. Teachers should not tell students sentence by sentence or word by word. It is best for students to do their own research. If the teacher does not teach, it will not work. Yes, you can wait until the student really cannot understand the lesson with his own strength before helping him. Cai Yuanpei's Educational Quotations
1. Judging from the educator's method, military nationalism, worldview, and aesthetic education are all formalism; utilitarianism is substantivism; moral education is both.
For example, the human body: for military-nationalists, the muscles and bones are used for self-defense; for utilitarianism, the intestines and stomach are used for nutrition; for civic virtue, the ventilator and circulation machine are used to connect the whole body; aesthetic education The person is the nervous system, so it conducts; the worldviewer is the psychological function, attached to the nervous system, and there is no sign to look for. This is why the five principles cannot be ignored. ("Opinions on New Education")
2. The so-called habit does not necessarily mean writing or reading, and then it is called education. There is education in sweeping the floor, education in washing the table, and education in cooking. In short, every move, every cry and every laugh is educational. ("Cultivating Beautiful and Noble Thoughts")
3. Educators are also responsible for cultivating personality. Just instilling knowledge and practicing skills without implementing ideals is a mechanical education, which is not what it should be applied to human beings. ("Progress in Education since 1900")
4. As everyone knows, only with a sound body can one have a sound spirit. If the body is weak, how can the mind and spirit be developed? In other words, it is not because of hardship. The body, the spirit cannot be free. However, the so-called hardship is to train people, not to make them weak to suffer themselves. In today's schools, most people pay attention to sports, but the laziness of the Chinese people is so deep that students still cannot fully promote it. ("Speech at the Welcome Meeting of the Nankai School")
5. Today's new educators pay equal attention to physical education, intellectual education, and moral education, and their effectiveness is better than the old education. When it comes to sports, old habits emphasize diligence, regardless of whether there are any obstacles to the body, and regard body and soul as two things. Human wisdom and scholarship all come from the soul, so we value the soul and despise the body. Nowadays, science has discovered that human wisdom and scholarship are all derived from the use of human brains. Therefore, if the brain is strong, the intelligence will be rich, and if the body is weak, the brain will be weak. The reason why new education focuses on gymnastics is based on this. ("Speech at Lujin Public School in Zhejiang")
6. New education is not the case. It relies on a deep understanding of the process of children's physical and mental development and choosing various appropriate methods to help it. Just like an agriculturist treats plants, he irrigates them when they are dry, supports them when they are weak, puts them in a greenhouse if they are afraid of the cold, provides fertilizers when they need food, and covers them with colored glass if they want light. The difference between planting is the amount of plants. They are all the results of several experiments and then selected; and they are tested and improved at any time, and they never dare to rely on their prejudices to do anything. Therefore, those who govern new education must take experimental pedagogy as the foundation.
?
Therefore, we know that educators should rather adhere to nature than abide by the rules; rather than pursue uniformity, they should rather express their individuality.
("The Difference Between New Education and Old Education")
7. Please note that universities are not institutions that sell diplomas, nor are they institutions that instill fixed knowledge. It is an institution that studies academic qualifications. Therefore, university students do not study for qualifications or memorize teachers' lecture notes, but actively study knowledge under the guidance of teachers.
("Speech at the 22nd Annual Opening of Peking University")
8. Sympathy is to see that other people’s feelings are the same as your own, and they are related to each other. Understand each other. Therefore, the current examination system is most contrary to this point. In order to compete for ranking and score, sympathy is reduced day by day and jealousy is greatly increased. Classmates are unwilling to study each other.
?
There are many points for education reform. I think that the above-mentioned second level, developing personality and cultivating compassion, should be paid more attention to.
("Speech at the
9. You must have a sincerity in reading and doing things, and only ask for others in everything. It is my duty to fulfill my responsibilities, not to blame others too much.
("Students' Responsibility and Happiness")
10. Let's talk about intellectual education this time. When we teach, we are not like pouring water into a bottle. Once it is full, we are done. The most important thing is to arouse students' interest in reading. As teachers, you should not explain everything to your students sentence by sentence or word by word. It is best to let the students do their own research. It is okay if the teacher does not teach them. Only when the students really cannot understand the subject with their own strength can they help them. ?As a student, you don’t have to go to school every day and read the textbook thoroughly. Even if you are done, you must know that the book only gives me an example. I have to extract common rules from specific things so that I can apply them elsewhere.
("General Education and Vocational Education")
11. Education is to help educated people to develop their own abilities, complete their personality, and contribute to human culture. To be able to fulfill one's responsibilities is not to turn the educated person into a special instrument for use by people with other purposes. Therefore, education should be completely handed over to educators, who should maintain their independent qualifications and should not be affected by any political parties or individual churches. ("Education Independence Proposal")
12. Aesthetic educators are those who apply aesthetic theories to education with the purpose of cultivating emotions. Life is nothing more than will, and the relationship between people is nothing more than behavior. Therefore, the purpose of education is to enable everyone to behave appropriately, that is, moral education is the centerpiece. To consider the appropriate behavior, one must make preparations in two aspects: on the one hand, one must calculate the pros and cons, examine the cause and effect, and judge it with a calm mind; all virtues of protecting oneself and one's country fall into this category and rely on the help of intellectual education. On the other hand, regardless of the misfortunes or blessings, life or death, rush towards it with passionate feelings. Any virtue of enjoying yourself with others and sacrificing oneself for the sake of the group belongs to this category and relies on the help of aesthetic education. Therefore, aesthetic educators complement intellectual education in order to complete moral education. ("Aesthetic Education")